정상 한국인에서 연령증가에 따른 혈장 Dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate ( DHEA-S ) 농도 및 DHEA - S / cortisol 비의 변화

박성우,유형준,임성희,최문기,유재명,박민숙,이권엽,박철수,김철홍,김현규,김두만,박규용 대한내분비학회 1997 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.12 No.2

Backgroud: DHEA-S is the most abundant steroid hormone in circulation, and primarily secreted from the adrenal cortex, but its physiological role is little known. One of the characteristic features of DHEA-S is progressive decrement of plasma DHEA-S level with advancing age, in contrast, plasma levels of other adrenal hormones are not chaging or littie decreasing. To grasp the trends of plasma DHEA-S level and DHEA-S/cortisol ratio by age in healthy Korean, we measured the plasma DHEA-S levels and DHEA-S/cortisol ratios in healthy Korean. Methods: Healthy Korean(men: 99, women: 102, age range: 15-97 year old)were studied. Subjects were not taking drugs(such as glucocorticoid or androgenic medication) or cigarettes known to modify the plasma level of DHEA-S and cortisol, and had no evidence of hepatic, renal disease or hyperlipidemia as determined by serum lipid, bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, BUN, creatinine. Data were analyzed by 10-year age group for men and women: i.e, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40- 49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89 and 90 year or more. Plasma DHEA-S levels were measured by using a commercially available RIA kit with 125I labeled-DHEA-SO4(Coat-A Count DHEA-SO4), and for the measurement of plasma cortisol levels, commercial Gamma Coat TM[125I] Cortisol Radioimmunassay Kit was used. Results:. 1) In both men and women, plasma DHEA-S level showed high interindividual variation within the same age group. 2) There were individual sex differences in plasma levels of DHEA-S, in all age groups, plasma DHEA-S levels were significantly higher values for men than for women. 3) Maximum plasma DHEA-S levels(men; 237+-3.35 ug/dL, women; 108+-17.5 ug/dL) were at third decade in both men and women. 4) Both men and women showed the continuous decline in plasma DHEA-S level with age. These age-related decline was more prominent in men than in women(men; y= -3.152 * +292.6, r2= 0.8459, P$lt;0.05, women; y= -1.417 * +143.3, r2 = 0.7278, P$lt; 0.05). 5) As an index of aging, there was no stastical difference between DHEA-S and DHEA- S/cortisol ratio. Conclusion: In healthy Korean, there were high interindividual variation of plasrna DHEA-S levels. In both men and women plasma DHEA-S level was peak at third decade, and from when it declined progressively with age. These results suggest that although the reliability of single plasma DHEA-S measurement are limited, the decline of DHEA-S with advancing age might be a specific marker of endocrinologic hormonal milieu(aging index). Also, concerning to individual adrenal secreting capacity, we measured DHEA-S/cortisol ratio. But we did not found that plasma DHEA-S/cortisol ratio is superior to the plasma DHEA-S level as an aging index. (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 12:245-254, 1997)

당풍(唐風) 수용기 정용(鄭鎔)의 한시(漢詩)에 대한 고찰 -시선집(詩選集)에 수록된 작품을 중심으로

박용만 ( Park Yong-man ) 한국한시학회 2016 韓國漢詩硏究 Vol.24 No.-

조선중기 盛唐詩를 수용한 三唐詩의 등장은 우리 문학사에서 매우 중요한 분기점이 된다. 문학사에서 새로운 풍조의 유행은 몇몇 작가의 노력만으로 이루어질 수 없으며, 당시 활동했던 많은 시인들이 교유하고 참여하는 과정에서 典範의 논리와 방향성이 자리를 잡게 된다. 그러나 三唐詩人을 제외하면 이 시기에 활동했던 여러 시인들에 대한 논의는 절대적으로 부족하다. 鄭鎔은 그동안 전혀 알려지지 않았던 시인으로 삼당시인이 활동했던 시기에 참여한 인물이다. 靖國功臣으로 海平府院君에 봉해진 鄭眉壽의 후손으로 화려한 가문의 배경과 경제적 풍요에도 출사하지 않고 자연을 벗 삼아 시작에 전념하였다. 많은 작품을 남긴 것은 아니지만 許筠은 그의 작품을 높이 평가하여 『國朝詩刪』에 6수를 선발하여 넣고 『鶴山樵談』과 『惺所覆?藁』에도 그에 대한 詩話를 수록했을 만큼 당시 상당한 비중을 지녔던 것으로 평가할 수 있다. 그는 唐風을 수용하여 정회를 표출하였다. 때로는 미숙한 작품이 보이기도 하지만, 절구 형식을 선호하여 주로 주위 경물과 심사를 소박하게 표현하는 특징을 보인다. 시화에 실린 일부 방대하고 현란한 의경의 작품을 허균은 詩魔가 들어 지은 것으로 소개하였다. 소박한 의경의 다른 작품과 연관성이 떨어지지만 정용의 입을 통해 지어진 것만은 분명하다. 조선 중기 당풍의 정착과 유행의 관점에서 정용의 담백하면서 소박한 한시는 일정한 의미를 지닌다고 할 수 있다. 아울러 당시 알려지지 않은 많은 시인들의 다양한 시풍을 논의하는 것은 당풍의 수용을 폭넓게 이해하는 단서가 될 것이다. The appearance of Chinese poems of the Tang Dynasty style by three poets in the Joseon Dynasty(三唐詩) that accepted the Tang poetry during its flourishing period(盛唐詩) became the turning point of Korean literary history. Trends of new tendencies in literary history cannot be done by several writers` efforts and model(典範)`s logic and directivity get to settle in the process that many poets who are active then associate with each other and participate. However, except the three poets who wrote the Tang Dynasty`s Chinese poem styles, discussion on several poets who were active in this period are desperately lacking. Joeng Yong(鄭鎔) is the figure who participated in the period that the three poets who wrote the Tang Dynasty`s Chinese poem styles were active as the poet who has never been known to us in the meanwhile. He devoted himself to writing his poems by communing with nature without entering government service despite the background of his distinguished family and economic affluence as the descendant of Jeong Mi-su(鄭眉壽) who was raised to Haepyeongbuwongun(海平府院君) as Jeonggukgongsin(靖國功臣). He did not leave many works of art. However, he can be evaluated to account for a considerable proportion of the period as Heo Gyun put his 6 poems in Gukjosisan(國朝詩刪) and included stores about his poems in Haksanchodam(鶴山樵談) and Seongsobugo(惺所覆?藁) by thinking highly of him. He expressed his thoughts by accepting the Tang Dynasty`s Chinese poem styles. Sometimes, he shows unpracticed works of art. However, his works of art usually feature simple expressions of the scenery of the seasons around him and his mind and thought as he gave preference to quatrain forms. Heo Gyun introduced his partial works of art about the vast and ornate scenery written by him because of a kind of spells that he felt a disposition to do them(詩魔) to people. It is clear that they were written by Jeong, Yong`s mouth even though they are not linked to his other works of art about the simple scenery. Jeong, Yong`s light and simple Chinese poems can somewhat be meaningful from an angle that the Tang Dynasty`s Chinese poem styles settled and were popular in the middle of the Jonseon Dynasty. In addition, discussion on various poetical styles by many poets who were not known then will be a clue to understand acceptance of the Tang Dynasty`s Chinese poem styles widely.

Molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer: understanding of subtype categories and clinical implication

Yong‑Moon Lee,Man Hwan Oh,Jai‑Hyang Go,Kyudong Han,Song‑Yi Choi 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous entity that encompasses several subtypes with distinct molecular characteristics. The patients with TNBCs show unpredictable response to the chemotherapy, and further there is the lack of effective agents. Thus, many studies have been underway to discover targeted therapy suitable for patients with specific genetic alterations in each molecular subtypes. TNBCs are classified as four major molecular subtypes according to the gene expression patterns. These are luminal androgen receptor (LAR), mesenchymal-like, immunomodulatory (IM), and basal-like types. Conclusion: Here, we discuss the unique molecular features of each subtype as well as promising targets for anti-cancer therapy.

T 세포활성항원 CTLA-4의 기능에 관한 연구 : T 세포에서 표적세포 살해능과 CTLA-4 발현과의 연관성 Target Cytotoxicity of T Cell Correlates with CTLA-4 Production

노만택,조양자,김용식,최용,조보현,최장원,정용훈 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.4

CTLA-4, a T cell activation antigen and a homologue of CD28, was originally identified as a gene by a series of reverse genetic approaches. While CD28 molecule has been characterized well as a stimulator of T-cell function via enhanced lymphokines production and stablilization of those mRNA, most of the functions of CTLA-4 remain unknown. It has been widely accepted that CTLA-4 functions as an immune suppressor which is down-regualting the function of CD28. We previously showed that 34 KD form of this antigen mainly expressed CD8+ subset, a cytotoxic or suppressor, of activated peripheral blood lymphocyte. Based on our previous finding this study was conducted to further characterize immunological function of CTLA-4 especially in terms of involvement of this molecule in T-cell effector function mediating target cell cytotoxicity. 4 human T cell clones with different target cytotoxicities were employed in this study. NBL46 (CD4+) and NBL77 (CD8+) were cytotoxic and NBL32 (CD4+) and NBL58 (CD 8+) were non-cytotoxic to target LBF cell in target cell chromium release assay. And in Western blot assay 34 kD antigen was detected in NBL46 (CD4+) and NBL77 (CD8+) clones but not in NBL32 (CD4+) and NBL58 (CD8+) clones. It was summarized that expression of the CTLA-4 antigen was associated with cytotoxicity but not with subset phenotypes of T cells. In conclusion CD8+ T subset of PHA-stimulated PBL was major and only CTLA-4 producer and this molecule was induced during mid to late stage of T cell activation. The cytotoxicity of T cell clones to its target cell was directly correlated with its CTLA-4 production and vice versa. And it was highly suggested that primary function of CTLA-4 may involved in T cell effector function which mediates target cell killing.

The Bioenergy Conversion Characteristics of Feedlot Manure Discharging from Beef Cattle Barn

Seung-Yong Oh,Chang-Hyun Kim,Young-Man Yoon 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.6

This study was carried out to assess bioenergy conversion efficiency by biogas and solid fuel production in the cattle feedlot manure discharged from beef cattle barn. Feedlot manure was sampled from the cattle farmhouse located in Yong-in, Gyeonggi during the mid-fattening stage, periodically. The chemical characteristics, BMP (Biochemical methane potential) and HV (Heating values) of feedlot cattle manures were analyzed. Total solid contents of cattle feedlot manure were in the range of 29.98~44.28%, and volatile solid contents were in the range of 23.53~24.47%. In the anaerobic digestion of cattle feedlot manure, the methane production potential has increased from 0.141 to 0.187 Nm<SUP>3</SUP> kg<SUP>-1</SUP> -VSadded. The methane production of fresh cattle feedlot manure showed the range 0.141~0.187 Nm<SUP>3</SUP> kg<SUP>-1</SUP> -Manure (average 0.047 Nm<SUP>3</SUP> kg<SUP>-1</SUP> -Manure), the LHVs (lower heating values) of the produced methane were in the range of 316~560 kcal kg<SUP>-1</SUP> -Manure (average 400 kcal kg <SUP>-1</SUP> - Manure). In the direct combustion of fresh cattle feedlot manure, the LHVs were measured in the range of 747~1,271 kcal kg<SUP>-1</SUP> -Manure (average 916 kcal kg<SUP>-1</SUP> -Manure), and LHVs of solid fuel which have the water content of 20% were in the range of 2,694~2,876 kcal kg<SUP>-1</SUP>-Manure (average 2,791 kcal kg<SUP>-1</SUP> -Manure). Then, the drying energy of average 443 kcal kg<SUP>-1</SUP> -Manure was consumed in the production of solid fuel which has a water content of 20%. Therefore, the direct combustion of cattle feedlot manure showed about 2.3 times higher LHV than the LHV of methane produced by anaerobic digestion. And LHV of solid fuel was about 6.0 times higher than the LHV of methane produced by anaerobic digestion. Then, the production of solid fuel presented more bioenergy conversion efficiency than the biogas production in the bioenergy use of cattle feedlot manure.

신광수(申光洙)의 「탐라록(耽羅錄)」에 나타난 제주에 대한 인식과 정서

박용만 ( Park Yong-man ) 제주대학교 탐라문화연구원 2021 탐라문화 Vol.- No.66

조선시대 제주는 신화가 살아있는 공간이었다. 다가갈 수 없었던 육지인 들에게 제주는 관념적 공간이었지만 실제 제주를 경험한 지식인에게 제주는 목숨을 걸어야 하는 현실의 공간이었다. 1764년 서울에서 파견되었다가 풍랑에 발이 묶여 45일간 제주에 머물렀던 申光洙에게 제주는 ‘갇힌 공간’이었다. 신광수가 제주에 체류하며 남긴 「耽羅錄」에는 모두 49편의 시가 신광수와 李瀷의 서문과 함께 실려 있다. 원래 신광수와 함께 간 이익, 박수희가 창화한 것이지만 신광수의 문집에는 다른 두 사람의 시는 없고 두 편의 서문과 본인의 시만 수록하였다. 신광수는 육지로 돌아온 이후 제주에서 기록한 창화록을 주위 지식인에게 보여 睦萬中, 丁範祖, 李玄煥의 서문을 받았다. 이외에도 蔡濟恭은 그에 대한 묘지명에서 이 일을 자세히 기록하였다. 그러나 신광수와 육지 벗들의 서문에는 제주를 바라보는 인식에는 큰 차이가 존재한다. 제주는 육지인들에게 신선이 사는 동경의 공간인 동시에 목숨을 잃을 수도 있는 가기 싫은 공간의 이중성이 나타난다. 이에 비해 신광수에게 제주는 絶島이자 자신의 의지와 무관한 孤立無援의 공간이었다. 벗어나고 싶어도 벗어날 수 없는 ‘갇힌 공간’이었다. 개성주의 문학사상이 확고하게 자리 잡았던 18세기 문학은 현실과 괴리된 관념이 더 이상 허용되지 않았다. 주위의 지식인조차 제대로 이해하기 어려웠던 제주의 경험을 기록한 「탐라록」은 신광수의 제주 인식은 18세기 문학을 바라보는 중요한 기록이 된다. During the Joseon Dynasty, Jeju(濟州) was a place where myths lived. Jeju was an ideological space for landlords who could not approach, but for intellectuals who actually experienced Jeju, Jeju was a real space where they had to risk their lives. Jeju was a “confined space” for Shin Kwang-soo(申光洙), who was dispatched from Seoul in 1764 and stayed in Jeju for 45 days after being trapped in a storm. In the ‘Tamna-Rok(耽羅錄)’ left by Shin Kwang-soo while staying in Jeju, there are 49 poems along with the forewords of Shin Kwang-soo and Lee Ik(李瀷). Originally, it was created by Lee Ik, Park Soo-hee, who went with Shin Kwang-soo, but in Shin Kwang-soo's writings, there were no other poems, only two prefaces and his own poems. After returning to the mainland, Shin Kwang-soo showed the changhwa-rok(唱和錄) recorded in Jeju to the surrounding intellectuals and received the forewords of Mok Man-jung(睦萬中), Jeong Man-jo(丁範祖), and Lee Hyun-hwan(李玄煥). In addition, Chai Je-gong(蔡濟恭)'s name of the grave for him recorded this in detail. However, there is a big difference between Shin Kwang-soo and his friends on land in their preface to seeing Jeju. In the land, the duality of the space where Shinseon(神仙) lives in, and the space that they don't want to go to, which can lead to death, appears. On the other hand, for Shin Kwang-soo, Jeju was both a remote island and a space of an isolated employee that had nothing to do with his will. It was a "confined space" that could not escape even if it wanted to escape. Literature in the 18th century, in which individualistic literary thoughts were firmly established, was no longer allowed to have an idea apart from reality. Shin Kwang-soo's perception of Jeju, which “Tamna-rok”, about the experience of Jeju, which was difficult for even the surrounding intellectuals, to understand properly becomes an important record for viewing 18th century literature.

경막외 스테로이드 주입에 의한 경부 신경근증의 치료

신근만(Keun Man Shin),홍순용(Soon Yong Hong),최영 대한통증학회 1991 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.4 No.2

N/A Cervical epidural steroid injection, although not as familiar to many anesthesiologists, can be useful in the management of patients with acute and chronic neck, shoulder and arm pain. My clinic personally contacted and interviewed thirty patients with cervical radiculopathy who re- ceived cervical epidural steroid injection. Twenty seven percent of the patients had a excellent response(greater than 75% improvement) and fifty percent of the patients had a good response (greater than 50% improvement) to an injection of steroid into the cervical epidural space. We have conciuded that cervical epidural steroid injection was very effective in the management of cervical radiculopathy and represented a possible alternative to surgery. Many anesthesiologists should add to their armamentarium the use of such techniques in the man- agement of cervical radiculopathy.

The Bioenergy Conversion Characteristics of Feedlot Manure Discharging from Beef Cattle Barn

Oh, Seung-Yong,Kim, Chang-Hyun,Yoon, Young-Man 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.6

This study was carried out to assess bioenergy conversion efficiency by biogas and solid fuel production in the cattle feedlot manure discharged from beef cattle barn. Feedlot manure was sampled from the cattle farmhouse located in Yong-in, Gyeonggi during the mid-fattening stage, periodically. The chemical characteristics, BMP (Biochemical methane potential) and HV (Heating values) of feedlot cattle manures were analyzed. Total solid contents of cattle feedlot manure were in the range of 29.98~44.28%, and volatile solid contents were in the range of 23.53~24.47%. In the anaerobic digestion of cattle feedlot manure, the methane production potential has increased from 0.141 to $0.187Nm^3kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$. The methane production of fresh cattle feedlot manure showed the range $0.141{\sim}0.187Nm^3kg^{-1}$-Manure (average $0.047Nm^3kg^{-1}$-Manure), the LHVs (lower heating values) of the produced methane were in the range of $316{\sim}560kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure (average $400kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure). In the direct combustion of fresh cattle feedlot manure, the LHVs were measured in the range of $747{\sim}1,271kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure (average $916kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure), and LHVs of solid fuel which have the water content of 20% were in the range of $2,694{\sim}2,876kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure (average $2,791kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure). Then, the drying energy of average $443kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure was consumed in the production of solid fuel which has a water content of 20%. Therefore, the direct combustion of cattle feedlot manure showed about 2.3 times higher LHV than the LHV of methane produced by anaerobic digestion. And LHV of solid fuel was about 6.0 times higher than the LHV of methane produced by anaerobic digestion. Then, the production of solid fuel presented more bioenergy conversion efficiency than the biogas production in the bioenergy use of cattle feedlot manure.

인천국제공항철도 노선에서 서울도심통과 구간의 노선 선형계획

신태균(Shin Tae-Gyun),김인용(Kim In-Yong),정찬문(Jung Chan-Mun),김용만(Kim Yong-Man) 한국철도학회 2004 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

We as a civil investment enterprise have been constructing In-cheon International Airport Railway which is a transportation means to approach In-cheon International Airport. In this alignment, a section between the Seoul station and Ka-joa follows the existing Yong-san line at the center of Seoul city and traverses Seoul subway 2,5,6 lines. So we planned that the alignment would have the shallowest depth to lie under Kyung-eui line and above the airport railroad. The alignment is planned to construct an open-box structure only 3.6m apart from the subway line 5 tunnel structure and construct the open-box structure 0.7m apart from the subway line 2 box structure. In the line planning, we investigated both the security of the existing subway structures during and after construction and the stability and workability between newly structured tunnel structures with three dimensions numerical analysis methods. Also we raised the reliability of design verification which was achieved by specialty society"s review on the planned construction method.

혈관질환 정보관리 시스템

김동익,김덕경,허세호,이병붕,김용신,김은숙,문지영,도영수,신성욱,김동수,김만태,진재욱,김용신 대한혈관외과학회 2002 Vascular Specialist International Vol.18 No.1

As medical technology progresses rapidly, there is a rise in the average age along with the Korean dietary lifestyle becoming more westernized, which leads to an increase in the number of vascular disease patients in Korea. Thus, we need to manage the medical information of a disease systematically in order to diagnose and treat constructively. However, since there has been no standardized method of man agement to date, a great deal of information could not be properly utilized nor studied. Therefore, the departments of Cardiology, Radiology and Neurology of Samsung Seoul Hospital recently got together to develop an information management system called the Vascular Data System. This program was developed to be run on win98 O/S, upper Pentium Ⅲ, and upper 128 MB Memory, and its source code is Dephi 4.0. It was configured for the user to set the configurations as well as do a variety of search and analysis. If this program were to be updated continuously, it may be used extensively as well as in various parts of clinical research activities.