Optimization and Application of Single-point Crossover and Multi-offspring Genetic Algorithm

Ma Li,Li Qianting,Ma Meiqiong,Lv Sicong 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.1

Clinical Evaluation of Tumor Markers for Diagnosis in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in China

Ma, Li,Xie, Xiao-Wei,Wang, Hai-Yan,Ma, Ling-Yun,Wen, Zhong-Guang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12

Background: To evaluate the value of combined detection of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), and carbohydrateantigen 125 (CA125) for the clinical diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Serum CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 were assessed in 140 patients with NSCLC, 90 patients with benign lung disease and 90 normal control subjects, and differences of expression were compared in each group, and joint effects of these tumor markers in the diagnosis of NSCLC were analyzed. Results: Serum CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 in patients with NSCLC were significantly higher than those with benign lung disease and normal controls (P<0.05). The sensitivity of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 were 49.45%, 59.67%, and 44.87% respectively. As expected, combinations of these tumor markers improved their sensitivity for NSCLC. The combined detection of CEA + CYFRA21-1 was the most cost-effective combination which had higher sensitivity and specificity in NSCLC. Elevation of serum CEA and CYFRA21-1 was significantly associated with pathological types (P<0.05) and elevation of serum CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 was significantly associated with TNM staging (P<0.05). Conclusions: Single measurement of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 is of diagnostic value in the diagnosis of lung cancer, and a joint detection of these three tumor markers, could greatly improve the sensitivity of diagnosis on NSCLC. Combined detection of CEA + CYFRA21-1 proved to be the most economic and practical strategy in diagnosis of NSCLC, which can be used to screen the high-risk group.

Reconstitution of the<i>In Vitro</i>Activity of the Cyclosporine-Specific P450 Hydroxylase from Sebekia benihana and Development of a Heterologous Whole-Cell Biotransformation System

Ma, Li,Du, Lei,Chen, Hui,Sun, Yue,Huang, Shan,Zheng, Xianliang,Kim, Eung-Soo,Li, Shengying,Elliot, M. A. American Society for Microbiology 2015 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.81 No.18

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP-sb21 fromSebekia benihanais capable of catalyzing the site-specific hydroxylation of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine (CsA), leading to the single product γ-hydroxy-<I>N</I>-methyl-l-Leu4-CsA (CsA-4-OH). Unlike authentic CsA, this hydroxylated CsA shows significantly reduced immunosuppressive activity while it retains a side effect of CsA, the hair growth stimulation effect. Although CYP-sb21 was previously identified to be responsible for CsA-specific hydroxylation<I>in vivo</I>, the<I>in vitro</I>activity of CYP-sb21 has yet to be established for a deeper understanding of this P450 enzyme and further reaction optimization. In this study, we reconstituted the<I>in vitro</I>activity of CYP-sb21 by using surrogate redox partner proteins of bacterial and cyanobacterial origins. The highest CsA site-specific hydroxylation activity by CYP-sb21 was observed when it was partnered with the cyanobacterial redox system composed of<I>se</I>Fdx and<I>se</I>FdR fromSynechococcus elongatusPCC 7942. The best bioconversion yields were obtained in the presence of 10% methanol as a cosolvent and an NADPH regeneration system. A heterologous whole-cell biocatalyst usingEscherichia coliwas also constructed, and the permeability problem was solved by using<I>N</I>-cetyl-<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). This work provides a useful example for reconstituting a hybrid P450 system and developing it into a promising biocatalyst for industrial application.</P>

Value of Children among Chinese Mothers: Cohort Effects and Urban-rural Differences*

Ma LI,Yingying JIANG,Liqi ZHU 한국공공가치학회 2021 공공가치연구 Vol.1 No.1

China is facing a dramatic decrease of fertility rate, even after the one-child policy has been changed to two-children policy. Psychologists propose that value of children may account for willingness to deliver babies. Value of children (VOC) includes VOC+ (which means the positive values of children) and VOC- (the cost and expenditure of having children). This study compared value of children among different cohorts of Chinese women and women in urban and rural areas in China. In Study 1, 203 mothers of childbearing age in China were recruited to complete VOC scale. Their responses were then compared with 208 mothers born in 1920~1949 and 206 mothers born in 1950~1979 in the study by Zheng et al., (2005). Cohort effects were found in all VOC dimensions, the current generation pays less attention to children s traditional value of economic support and old-age security, and pays more attention to children s emotional and familial values, as well as the disadvantages and constraints in delivering babies, indicating Chinese women s values of children have changed over time. In Study 2, women in three areas of different economic levels were recruited. Results showed differences in both VOC+ and VOC- dimensions: women in remote rural areas put more emphasis on “traditional VOC”, while participants in urban areas rated higher in VOC-. This may explain why the fertility rate in urban area is even lower than that in rural area in China. Reasons of intergenerational and urban-rural differences are further discussed.

Effect of cathodic arc PVD parameters on roughness of TiN coating on steel substrate

M. Ali,E. Hamzah,I.A. Qazi,M.R.M. Toff 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.2

Titanium nitride which is widely used as a hard coating material was coated on tool steel, by physical vapor deposition method. Surface roughness was investigated as a function of deposition rate, substrate bias and temperature, nitrogen flow rate and metal ion etching. The study showed that increase in surface roughness mainly depends on the condition of sample preparation, surface treatment, macro-droplets,pitting defects, rise in compressive stress at higher coating thickness, growth defects and to a lesser extent selection of surface under testing. It was observed that chromium ion etching significantly reduced the surface roughness compared to titanium ion etching.

The Combination of Extension of Ant Colony Algorithm and Other Intelligent Algorithms

Ma Li,Li Qianting,Ma Meiqiong,Meng Jun,Bai Jiyun 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.12

The extension of ant colony algorithm was proposed by Dorigo, the founder of ant colony algorithm, which is the latest ant colony algorithm for solving a continuous space optimization problem. Considering the blindness of man-made choice of initial solution and initial parameters of the algorithm, and according to the algorithm converging slowly and easily falling into local optimum, this paper has provided improvement strategy for this optimization. It has introduced quantum computing and genetic algorithm, chaos optimization to carry out combination and comparison, and it has carried out improvement on the weight internally solved by memory in the algorithm. The effectiveness of various combined algorithms was determined through the optimization of numerous multi-dimensional continuous functions.

Effect of annealing on the physical properties of thermally evaporated In2S3 thin films

S. Rasool,K. Saritha,K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy,M.S. Tivanov,A.V. Trofimova,S.E. Tikoto,L. Bychto,A. Patryn,M. Maliński,V.F. Gremenok 한국물리학회 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.2

The structural, compositional, morphological and optical properties of In2S3 thin films, prepared by thermal evaporation technique and annealed in sulfur ambient at different temperatures have been investigated. The grazing incident X-ray diffraction patterns have indicated polycrystalline form and predominantly cubic structure of annealed In2S3 films. The scanning electron microscopy revealed textured surface with uniformly distributed grains and the grain size increased with increase of annealing temperature. The optical parameters of the films have been determined using conventional transmission and reflection spectra as well as from surface photovoltage measurements.

Does Earnings Management Influence Credit Rating Changes in Subsequent Periods?

Mali Dafydd(말리 다피드),Choi Jong-seo(최종서) 한국국제회계학회 2016 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.67

기업은 신용등급에 유리한 영향을 미치기 위하여 이익조정을 수행하려 할 수 있다(Ali and Zhang 2008; Jung et al. 2013; Alissa et al. 2013). 그러나 Mali and Lim (2015)의 연구에 의하면 특정 시점에 이익조정을 수행한 기업의 신용등급은 그 다음해에 상향조정되지 않고 오히려 강등되는 경향이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 증거는 신용평가기관이 최근 기간의 평가대상 기업의 발생액 및 실제 활동을 이용한 이익조정 경향을 간파하여 제재를 가하고 있을 가능성을 제시한다. 일반적으로 신용등급이 변동하는 기업은 직전 년도 중에 평가기관의 집중적인 관찰대상이 된다. 따라서 신용등급의 상향조정을 기대하는 기업은 그 이전인 t-2기에 이익을 선제적으로 조정할 가능성이 있고 이 때 발생액을 조정하기 보다는 관찰가능성이 상대적으로 낮은 실제 활동을 조정할 개연성이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 발생액을 이용한 이익조정의 대용치로 Dechow et al. (1995) 및 Kothari et al. (2005)의 모형에서 산출되는 잔차를 이용하고 실제활동을 이용한 이익조정의 대용치로 Cohen et al.(2010)의 모형에서 구한 잔차를 이용한다. 2002년부터 2013년까지의 기간에 걸친 1,481건의 관찰치로 구성된 표본으로부터 t-1기의 발생액 이익조정과 t기의 신용등급 변동 사이에 음의 관계가 있음을 재확인할 수 있었는데 이는 신용평가 기관이 낮은 수준의 비정상 발생액을 효율적인 지배구조가 작동하고 있음을 나타내는 징후로 간주하고 있음을 시사한다. 또한 t-2기의 실제활동을 이용한 이익조정과 t기의 신용등급 변화 사이에는 양의 관계가 존재함을 관찰하였는데 이는 기업이 실제이익조정을 이용하여 등급의 유리한 변경을 유도하는 경향이 있음을 제시한다. 나아가 기업의 이익조정과 신용등급의 하향변동 사이에는 유의한 관련성이 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타났는데 이는 기업이 신용평가에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 기회를 누리고 있음을 시사한다. 요컨대 표본기간 중 국내기업은 t-2기의 선제적 실제이익조정을 이용하여 신용등급의 상향조정 가능성을 높이려는 경향을 지니고 있는 것으로 판단할 수 있다. There is a potential for firms to engage in earnings management to influence a credit change (Ali and Zhang 2008; Jung et al. 2013; Alissa et al. 2013). However, Mali and Lim (2016) find that firms that engage in earnings management in period t do not experience a credit rating increase in period t+1; rather these firms are more likely to experience a decrease. Their evidence suggests that credit rating agencies capture both accrual earnings management (AEM) and real earnings management (REM) in the credit watch period (t-1 to t). Firms that potentially experience a credit rating change must experience a 1 year credit watch period in advance of potential change. Therefore, we conjecture a firm may engage in REM in period t-2 because firms are under less scrutiny from rating agencies, and REM is more difficult to detect. We use the residual from the Dechow et al. model (1995) and Kothari’s (2005) model as proxies for AEM. We use models suggested by Cohen et al. (2010) as proxies for REM. Using a sample of 1,481 observations from 2002 to 2013, we find a negative association between AEM in period t-1 and credit rating changes in period t, suggesting that credit rating agencies consider low levels of abnormal accruals as a form of strong corporate governance. We find a positive association between REM in period t-2 and a positive change in period t, suggesting that a firm may use earnings management to influence credit ratings increase. Moreover, we find no association between credit rating decreases and earnings management suggesting that firms have the opportunity to engage in earnings management to influence credit ratings. Overall, the results suggest that firms may engineer their financial structure by using REM in period t-2 to increase the probability of credit rating change.

Hydrothermal synthesis of rutile TiO2 bottle brush for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells

Mali, Sawanta S.,Patil, J. V.,Kadam, P. M.,Deshamukh, H. P.,Shim, Chang Su,Patil, Pramod S.,Hong, Chang Kook Springer-Verlag 2014 JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH Vol.16 No.6

Hierarchical SnO2 microspheres prepared by hydrothermal process for efficient improvement of dye-sensitized solar cell properties

Mali, Sawanta S.,Shim, Chang Su,Kim, Hyungjin,Lee, Min Cheul,Patil, Sangram D.,Patil, Pramod S.,Hong, Chang Kook Springer-Verlag 2015 JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH Vol.17 No.12