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Magdalena Gołyńska,Izabela Polkowska,Małgorzata Bartoszcze-Tomaszewska,Aleksandra Sobczyńska-Rak,Łukasz Matuszewski 대한수의학회 2017 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.18 No.1
Dogs commonly serve as a model for various human conditions, including periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the anaerobic bacteria that colonize the subgingival areas in dogs and humans by using rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based tests and to compare the results obtained in each species. Bacterial microflora evaluations, both quantitative and qualitative, were performed by applying ready-made tests on twelve dogs and twelve humans. Five samples were collected from each subject’s deepest gingival pockets and joined to form a collective sample. The results of the study revealed interspecies similarities in the prevalences of Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Red complex bacteria comprised the largest portion of the studied bacterial complexes in all study groups, with P. gingivalis being the most commonly isolated bacterium. The results show similarities in the prevalence of bacterial microflora in dogs and humans. Microbiological analysis of gingival pockets by using rapid real-time PCR-based tests in clinical practice, both veterinary and human, can facilitate the choice of appropriate pharmacological treatment and can provide a basis for subsequent verification of the treatment’s effectiveness.
Virulence Structure of Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae Populations in Poland across 2014-2015
Magdalena Cieplak,Katarzyna Terlecka,Tomasz Ociepa,Beata Zimowska,Sylwia Okoń 한국식물병리학회 2021 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.37 No.2
The purpose of this study was to determine the viru- lence structure of oat powdery mildew (Blumeria grami- nis f. sp. avenae, Bga) populations in Poland collected in 2014 and 2015. Powdery mildew isolates were collected from 18 locations in Poland. In total, nine lines and cultivars of oat, with different mildew resistance genes, were used to assess virulence of 180 isolates. The results showed that a significant proportion of the Bga isolates found in Poland were virulent to differentials with Pm1, Pm3, Pm6, and Pm3 + Pm8 genes. In contrast Pm4, Pm5, Pm2, and Pm7 genes were classified as resistant to all pathogen isolates used in the experiment. Based on obtained results we can state that there are differences in virulence pattern and diversity parameters between sites and years, but clear trends are not deducible.
Formalnie – przysłówki, semantycznie – wykładniki aspektu tematycznego
Magdalena Danielewiczowa 한국슬라브어학회 2022 슬라브어연구 Vol.27 No.1
The article focuses on Polish expressions formally similar to standard adverbs which semantically turn out to be completely different from them (cf. Teoretycznie masz rację ‘Theoretically you’re right’ and Podchodzisz do tych zagadnień zbyt teoretycznie ‘You approach these issues too theoretically’). The author introduces a set of criteria meant to ensure precision in distinguishing units being the subject of her analysis from common adverbs. These are, first of all, their: (i) capacity of combining with verbs, (ii) relationship to the grammatical category of the degree, (iii) prosodic features, especially the relationship of a word and the sentence stress, (iv) possibility of being negated and (v) position in the linear word order. The forms considered, irrespective of their typical endings -o and -e, perform functions different from those of ordinary adverbs. They belong to the set of thematic-rhematic operators or, more precisely, to the relativizing expressions that specify the aspect in which an object will be characterized in the rhematic part of a sentence. The author claims that the thematic aspect should be treated as one of the components belonging to the thematic-rhematic structure of any utterance. The relativizing adverbials represent a grammatical rather than lexical level of language.
The 3-[3α(2α-Hydroxy)pinane]-4,5-(pinan)-1,3-oxazolidine Synthesis, Structure and Properties
Magdalena Bialek*,Agata Trzesowska,Rafal Kruszynski 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.1
The new pinane derivative containing unique multifused ring system was synthesized. The crystal, molecular and electronic structure of the title compound has been determined. Both pinane ring systems have the same conformation. The five-membered oxazolidine ring exists in twisted chair conformation. The structure is expanded through O-H…O hydrogen bond to semiinfinite hydrogen-bonded chain. The bond lengths and angles in the optimised structure are similar to the experimental ones. The CH3 and CH2 groups (except this of oxazolidine ring) are negatively charged whereas the CH groups are positively charged. The largest negative potential is on the oxygen atoms. The C-N natural bond orbitals are polarised towards the nitrogen atom (ca. 61% at N) whereas the C-O bond orbitals are polarised towards the oxygen atom (ca. 67% at O). It is consistent with the charges on the nitrogen and oxygen atom of oxazolidine ring and the direction of the dipole moment vector (3.08 Debye).
Magdalena Gurgul,Karolina Gawlak,Karolina Syrek,Marcin Kozieł,Grzegorz D. Sulka,Leszek Zaraska 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.90 No.-
Nanoporous SnOx films with ultra-small channels (<20 nm in diameter) were synthesized by one-stepanodic oxidation of Sn foil in 1 M sodium hydroxide. Then, as-prepared materials were immersed indistilled water for various durations (2–120 h) tofind out whether a simple soaking process can affect thephotoelectrochemical performance of such kind of photoanodes. It was confirmed that during exposureto water, spontaneous crystallization of the amorphous SnOx matrix into rutile-type SnO2 occurs via adissolution–redeposition process, which results in a gradual loss of the initial porous morphology andthinning of the anodicfilm. Moreover, due to the formation of less defective, more stoichiometric, andcrystalline SnO2-x, gradual widening of the semiconductor band gap, the cathodic shift of theflat bandand onset potentials, as well as decrease in the donor density are observed. All these factors are thereason for the significant deterioration of the photoelectrochemical performance of SnOx photoanodesduring their exposure to water. Therefore, it was confirmed that even slight differences in theexperimental procedure, especially sample washing, drying, and storage, can result in meaningfulchanges in the composition, and the photoelectrochemical properties of anodically generated tin oxidefilms.
HYPERSTABILITY OF THE GENERAL LINEAR FUNCTIONAL EQUATION
Magdalena Piszczek 대한수학회 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.6
We give some results on hyperstability for the general linear equation. Namely, we show that a function satisfying the linear equation approximately (in some sense) must be actually the solution of it.
Lexicalization and grammaticalization – similarities and differences
Magdalena Pastuchowa 한국외국어대학교 동유럽발칸연구소 2011 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.27 No.1
이 논문은 어휘화와 문법화라는 두 가지 현상에서 나타나는 공통점과 다른 점에 대해 고찰하고 있다. 이러한 현상들을 설명하기 위한 자료로 폴란드의 언어학 자료들을 제시하였다. 특히 통시적인 관점에서 기술된 형태론적인 영역의 연구에서 이러한 현상이 발견된다. 합성과 생략, 어구의 화석화 등, 어형변화를 이끌어내는 공식적인 기준들은 물론이고, 이러한 변화의 결과라고 할 수 있는 의미변화(일반화 및 의미의 분화)까지도 비교의 대상으로 고려하였다. 이 논문의 마지막 부분에서는 지금까지 언어학계에서 명확한 용어로 굳어지지 않았던 두 가지 개념에 대해 언급하고 있는데, 탈문법화 (degrammaticalization) 와 탈어휘화(delexicalization)이다. 탈문법화의 경우는 그 개념과 범주를 다음과 같은 변화유형으로 한정시킬 것을 제안한다: 문법적인 요소 > 덜 문법적인요소 > 어휘적인 요소. 탈어휘화라는 개념은 민간어원설(folk etymology)을 적용하여 설명할 것을 제안한다. The paper makes reference to existing linguistic work on the subject of lexicalization and grammaticalization. These phenomena are described in the text on the basis of Polish linguistic material. The morphological plane of language is set as the main point of reference, while the description is done from a diachronic perspective. Formal criteria, referring to the techniques by means of which the described changes take place (composition, clipping, fossilization of the phrase), as well as the semantic changes being the effect of said changes (generalization, specialization of meaning), are taken into consideration in the comparison. Two terms are described in the final part of the paper: degrammaticalization and delexicalization, both of which do not yet have an unequivocal definition in linguistic literature. It is proposed to limit the understanding of grammaticalization to the following type of changes: grammatical element > less grammatical > lexical; while the term delexicalization is to be used in reference to folk etymology.