Segmentation of Human Intestinal Parasites from Microscopy Images Using Localized Mean-Separation Based Active Contour Model

Madhu S. Nair,Rema M. 대한의용생체공학회 2013 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.3 No.3

Purpose Identification of human intestinal parasites from microscopy images of fecal sample is an important and time consuming process in the diagnosis of intestinal parasitosis. Automatic image processing can be applied to segment and identify the parasite but the presence of fecal impurities makes this process a challenging one. This paper presents a framework for segmentation of bright field microscopy images of fecal sample that contain both parasites and impurities. Methods The proposed framework uses thresholding,morphological opening and Active Contour Model (ACM). Contour is initialized using thresholding and morphological opening and the contour is evolved using Localized Mean-Separation based Active Contour Model (LMS-ACM). Results This framework is simple, fast and yields good results even when the parasites are overlapped with impurities. The accuracy of the method is tested by comparing the results with manually segmented images. Conclusions As accurate segmentation of the objects is the first and important step in identification process, this work is a promising approach towards the automatic diagnosis of human intestinal parasitosis.

Graph theoretic methods in the study of structural issues in control

Madhu N. Belur,Debraj Chakraborty 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

This paper addresses questions regarding controllability and observability for ‘generic parameter’ dynamical systems. We use graph theoretic methods and hence the sequestions are answered in a ‘structural sense’. We formulate necessary and sufficient conditions for controllability in terms of suitable maximum matchings in the bipartite graph constructed fro the constraints and variables. The conditions for observability turn out to be similar. We relate the setests to Gilbert ’scontrollability and observability tests.

The Silk Road Trap: How China’s Trade Ambitions Challenge Europe

( Madhu Sudhan Atteraya ) 계명대학교 실크로드중앙아시아연구원 2019 Acta Via Serica Vol.4 No.2

Acid-Fastness of Histoplasma in Surgical Pathology Practice

Madhu Rajeshwari,Deepali Jain,Immaculata Xess,Mehar Chand Sharma 대한병리학회 2017 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.51 No.5

Background: Histoplasmosis (HP) is diagnosed by visualizing intracellular microorganisms in biopsy and/or culture. Periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) staining methods are routinely used for identification. The acid-fast property of Histoplasma was identified decades ago, but acid-fast staining has not been practiced in current surgical pathology. Awareness of the acid-fast property of Histoplasma, which is due to mycolic acid in the cell wall, is important in distinguishing Histoplasma from other infective microorganisms. Here, we examined acid-fastness in previously diagnosed cases of Histoplasma using the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain and correlated those findings with other known fungal stains. Methods: All cases diagnosed as HP were retrieved and reviewed along with ZN staining and other fungal stains. We also stained cases diagnosed with Cryptococcus and Leishmania as controls for comparison. Results: A total of 54 patients ranging in age from 11 to 69 years were examined. The most common sites of infection were the skin, adrenal tissue, and respiratory tract. Of the total 43 tissue samples, 20 (46.5%) stained positive with the ZN stain. In viable cases, a significant proportion of microorganisms were positive while necrotic cases showed only rare ZN-positive yeasts. In comparison to PAS and GMS stains, there was a low burden of ZN-positive yeasts. Cryptococcus showed characteristic ZN staining and all cases of Leishmania were negative. Conclusions: Although the morphology of fungal organisms is the foundation of identification, surgical pathologists should be aware of the acid-fast property of fungi, particularly when there is the potential for confusion with other infective organisms.

Development of two forensically important blowfly species (Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya rufifacies) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at four temperatures in India

Madhu Bala,Devinder Singh 한국곤충학회 2015 Entomological Research Vol.45 No.4

The development of the Oriental latrine fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), and hairy maggot blowfly, C. rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), was studied at four different temperatures (22°C, 25°C, 29°C and 31°C) in order to draw correlations between larval age, body length and body dry weight. The mean larval body length increased steadily from a minimum of 1.4 mm for C. megacephala and 1.8 mm for C. rufifacies to a maximum of 17.4 mm for C. megacephala and 15.9 mm for C. rufifacies at different temperatures. Similarly, the mean dry weight increased steadily from a minimum of 0.0007 g for C. megacephala (second instar) and 0.0008 g for C. rufifacies (second instar) to a maximum of 0.0290 g for C. megacephala and 0.0270 g for C. rufifacies at different temperatures. Entomological evidence is often used to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (mPMI) and both of these species are important from a forensic point of view. Graphs of age of larvae vs. body length and age of larvae vs. dry body weight at different temperatures can be used to estimate the larval age of these two species.

A mathematical model of a population genetics: Effects of genetic variation on homosexuality

Madhu Jain,G.C. Sharma,Sudheer Kumar Sharma 한국통계학회 2009 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.38 No.3

This study deals with simple mathematical models for the purpose of generating testable prediction in genetics. The genetic effects in human population are because of the following four factors, (i) paternal, (ii) maternal, (iii) environmental and (iv) idiopathic. For the measurement of genetic characteristics, the environment also plays an important role. In the present paper we analyze this linkage for homosexuality for the first three factors because the fourth one affects a very little population. This study provides genetics and evolutionary basis for making generating testable predictions specifically where the environmental factors affect the characteristics of genes which also influence homosexuality. The effect of environment on homosexuality is highlighted because earlier studies confined only up to the paternal and maternal linkages. We consider two types of selections (i) direct selection with environmental effects (ii) combined selection with direct, maternal and environmental effects. The objective of this investigation is to provide the conditions for the maintenance of genetic variation of genotype of male and female. We concentrate on highlighting homosexuality as a result of variation in genes. Numerical results are obtained by taking illustration. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to explore homosexuality in terms of fitness loss and fitness gain.

An Alternative Method of Estimating the Worker’s Reservation Wage

Madhu S. Mohanty 한국국제경제학회 2005 International Economic Journal Vol.19 No.4

Speckle Reduction and Contrast Enhancement of Ultrasound Images Using Anisotropic Diffusion with Jensen Shannon Divergence Operator

Madhu S. Nair,Jisha Jose,Anil Prahladan 대한의용생체공학회 2013 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.3 No.2

Purpose Ultrasound (US) imaging is widely used for diagnosis these days due to its advantages such as no-radiation,portability and low cost. But the two inherent drawbacks of US imaging are low contrast and speckle noise. The objective of the proposed algorithm is to simultaneously enhance the contrast and suppress the speckle noise thereby improving the visual quality of the US image. Methods Normalization and fuzzification are used as the preprocessing steps for the contrast enhancement and the mapping of intensity values to brightness degree of US images. A fuzzy sub-pixel fractional partial difference with Jensen Shannon divergence operator is proposed here for determining whether a pixel is noise or edge, and thereby reducing the speckle noise. The proposed method is a generalization of first, second and fourth order difference with weight information collected from the overall view of the image. Results Proposed method has been tested both on synthetic and real ultrasound images. The results show that the proposed method improves preservation of relevant information without compromising the quality of visual appearance. FOM and Contrast measures prove the superiority of the proposed method over conventional as well as advanced methods. Conclusions The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DJ method has the advantage of maximizing speckle reduction and contrast enhancement, with great accuracy for slightly varying edges and the fine details are well preserved. The method can improve the quality of US images, and will be useful for CAD systems for cancer detection and classification based on US images.

Male Migration and Emerging Female Headed Families

Madhu Nagla 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구소 2008 Asian Women Vol.24 No.1

Social Adjustment for Undocumented Migrant Workers in South Korea: Role of Religious Institutions

Madhu Sudhan Atteraya,Jung Ji Myoung,Dong Eun Lee,Jun Hang Ryun,Shreejana Gnawali 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2015 국제학논총 Vol.23 No.-

This study explores the difficulties faced by undocumented migrant workers in the context of a lack of institutional welfare support. The study then explores the role that religious institutions play in the social adjustment of undocumented migrant workers to difficult life situations. In order to explore the social adjustment of undocumented migrant workers, we conducted observational field work and in-depth interviews of undocumented migrant workers and Buddhist and Christian social welfare service providers. We found that faith-based organizations with their own purposes and goals are active in social service delivery for undocumented migrant workers. Undocumented migrant workers have been supported by religious institutions through improvements to their work-related quality of life and to their living conditions. The study finds that support from faith-based organizations is structured within the principles of the organization’s religion, and social services are limited to what falls within these boundaries.