Influences of Process Parameters on Tensile Strength of Friction Stir Welded Cast A319 Aluminium Alloy Joints

M. Jayaraman,R. Sivasubramanian,S. Babu,V. Balasubramanian 대한금속·재료학회 2009 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.15 No.2

Fusion welding of cast A319 (Al-Si-Cu) alloy will lead to many problems including porosity, micro-fissuring, and hot cracking. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) can be used to weld A319 alloy without these defects. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to study the effect of FSW process parameters on the tensile strength of A319 alloy welded joints. Joints were made using different combinations of tool rotation speed, welding speed, and axial force, each at four levels. The quality of weld zone was analyzed using macrostructure and microstructure analysis. Tensile strength of the joints were evaluated and correlated with the weld zone microstructure. The joint fabricated with a 1200 rpm tool rotation speed, 40 mm/min welding speed, and 4 kN axial force showed superior tensile strength compared with the other joints. Fusion welding of cast A319 (Al-Si-Cu) alloy will lead to many problems including porosity, micro-fissuring, and hot cracking. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) can be used to weld A319 alloy without these defects. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to study the effect of FSW process parameters on the tensile strength of A319 alloy welded joints. Joints were made using different combinations of tool rotation speed, welding speed, and axial force, each at four levels. The quality of weld zone was analyzed using macrostructure and microstructure analysis. Tensile strength of the joints were evaluated and correlated with the weld zone microstructure. The joint fabricated with a 1200 rpm tool rotation speed, 40 mm/min welding speed, and 4 kN axial force showed superior tensile strength compared with the other joints.

Effects of a matrix-coated organic acids and medium-chain fatty acids blend on performance, and in vitro fecal noxious gas emissions in growing pigs fed in-feed antibiotic-free diets

Hossain, M.M.,Jayaraman, B.,Kim, S.C.,Lee, K.Y.,Kim, I.H.,Nyachoti, C.M.,Plaizier, J. Canadian Science Publishing 2018 Canadian journal of animal science Vol.98 No.3

<P> This study evaluated the efficacy of a matrix-coated organic acids and medium-chain fatty acids blend (MCOFA) in growing pigs. Ninety six pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 47.71 ± 3.73 kg were used in a 6 wk experiment. Pigs were allotted to diets containing 0 or 2 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> of MCOFA, and 0 or 2.5 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Pigs fed diets supplemented with MCOFA had improved growth efficiency compared with those fed a diet without MCOFA (P @@<@@ 0.05). Pigs receiving the diets supplemented with both AGP and MCOFA had higher apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein, dry matter, fat, and gross energy (P @@<@@ 0.05). Pigs fed AGP × MCOFA diet had increased serum urea nitrogen (P @@<@@ 0.05). Pigs fed diets supplemented with AGP had reduced fecal ammonia (NH3) gas emissions compared with those fed without AGP (P @@<@@ 0.05). Moreover, pigs fed diets supplemented with MCOFA had reduced fecal NH3 and acetic acid gas emissions compared with those fed without MCOFA (P @@<@@ 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with MCOFA improved performance in growing pigs. </P>

Ga12/13 inhibition enhances the anticancer effect of bortezomib through PSMB5 downregulation

Yang, Y. M.,Lee, S.,Nam, C. W.,Ha, J. H.,Jayaraman, M.,Dhanasekaran, D. N.,Lee, C. H.,Kwak, M. K.,Kim, S. G. Oxford University Press 2010 Carcinogenesis Vol.31 No.7

<P>Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor approved for anticancer therapy. However, variable sensitivity of tumor cells exists in this therapy probably due to differences in the expression of proteasome subunits. G alpha(12/13) serves modulators or signal transducers in diverse pathways. This study investigated whether cancer cells display differential sensitivity to bortezomib with reference to G alpha(12/13) expression, and if so, whether G alpha(12/13) affects the expression of proteasome subunits and their activities. Bortezomib treatment exhibited greater sensitivities in Huh7 and SNU886 cells (epithelial type) than SK-Hep1 and SNU449 cells (mesenchymal type) that exhibited higher levels of G alpha(12/13). Overexpression of an active mutant of G alpha(12) (G alpha(12)QL) or G alpha(13) (G alpha(13)QL) diminished the ability of bortezomib to induce cytotoxicity in Huh7 cells. Moreover, transfection with the minigene that disturbs G protein-coupled receptor-G protein coupling (CT12 or CT13) increased it in SK-Hep1 cells. Consistently, MiaPaCa2 cells transfected with CT12 or CT13 exhibited a greater sensitivity to bortezomib. Evidence of G alpha(12/13)'s antagonism on the anticancer effect of bortezomib was verified in the reversal by G alpha(12)QL or G alpha(13)QL of the minigenes' enhancement of cytotoxity. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay enabled us to identify PSMB5, multicatalytic endopeptidase complex-like-1, and proteasome activator subunit-1 repression by CT12 or CT13. Furthermore, G alpha(12/13) inhibition enhanced the ability of bortezomib to repress PSMB5, as shown by immunoblotting and proteasome activity assay. Moreover, this inhibitory effect on PSMB5 was attenuated by G alpha(12)QL or G alpha(13)QL. In conclusion, the inhibition of G alpha(12/13) activities may enhance the anticancer effect of bortezomib through PSMB5 repression, providing insight into the G alpha(12/13) pathway for the regulation of proteasomal activity.</P>

Implications of Impacts of Climate Change on Forest Product Flows and Forest Dependent Communities in the Western Ghats, India

Murthy, Indu K.,Bhat, Savithri,Sathyanarayan, Vani,Patgar, Sridhar,M., Beerappa,Bhat, P.R.,Bhat, D.M.,Gopalakrishnan, Ranjith,Jayaraman, Mathangi,Munsi, Madhushree,N.H., Ravindranath,M.A., Khalid,M., Institute of Forest Science 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.2

The tropical wet evergreen, tropical semi evergreen and moist deciduous forest types are projected to be impacted by climate change. In the Western Ghats region, a biodiversity hotspot, evergreen forests including semi evergreen account for 30% of the forest area and according to climate change impact model projections, nearly a third of these forest types are likely to undergo vegetation type change. Similarly, tropical moist deciduous forests which account for about 28% of the forest area are likely to experience change in about 20% of the area. Thus climate change could adversely impact forest biodiversity and product flow to the forest dependent households and communities in Uttara Kannada district of the Western Ghats. This study analyses the distribution of non-timber forest product yielding tree species through a network of twelve 1-ha permanent plots established in the district. Further, the extent of dependence of communities on forests is ascertained through questionnaire surveys. On an average 21% and 28% of the tree species in evergreen and deciduous forest types, respectively are, non-timber forest product yielding tree species, indicating potential high levels of supply of products to communities. Community dependence on non-timber forest products is significant, and it contributes to Rs. 1199 and Rs. 3561/household in the evergreen and deciduous zones, respectively. Given that the bulk of the forest grids in Uttara Kannada district are projected to undergo change, bulk of the species which provide multiple forest products are projected to experience die back and even mortality. Incorporation of climate change projections and impacts in forest planning and management is necessary to enable forest ecosystems to enhance resilience.

National utilization of rib fracture fixation in the geriatric population in the United States

Brewer Jennifer M.,Aakjar Leah,Sullivan Kelsey,Jayaraman Vijay,Moutinho Manuel,Jeremitsky Elan,Doben Andrew R. 대한외상학회 2022 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

Purpose: The use of surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) has steadily increased over the past decade. Recent literature suggests that a larger population may benefit from SSRF, and that the geriatric population—as the highest-risk population—may receive the greatest improvement from these interventions. We sought to determine the overall utilization of SSRF in the United States.Methods: The National Trauma Database was analyzed between 2016 and 2017. The inclusion criteria were all patients ≥65 years old with rib fractures. We further stratified these patients according to age (65–79 vs. ≥80 years old), the presence of coding for flail chest, three or more rib fractures, and intervention (surgical vs. nonoperative management). The main outcomes were surgical interventions, mortality, pneumonia, length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, ventilator use, and tracheostomy.Results: Overall, 93,638 patients were identified. SSRF was performed in 992 patients. Patients who underwent SSRF had improved mortality in the 65 to 79 age group, regardless of the number of ribs fractured. We identified 92,637 patients in the age group of 65 to 79 years old who did not undergo SSRF. This represents an additional 20,000 patients annually who may benefit from SSRF.Conclusions: By conservative standards and the well-established Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma clinical practice guidelines, SSRF is underutilized. Our data suggest that SSRF may be very beneficial for the geriatric population, specifically those aged 65 to 79 years with any rib fractures. We hypothesize that roughly 20,000 additional cases will meet the inclusion criteria for SSRF each year. It is therefore imperative that we train acute care surgeons in this skill set.

소아 상기도 감염의 항생제 사용 : 보고된 진료상황과 실제진료 및 보호자들의 의식 Reported Practice, Actual Practice, and Parent Beliefs

Watson, RL,Dowell, SF,Jayaraman M,Keyserling H,Kolczak M,Schwartz B 대한의사협회 2000 대한의사협회지 Vol.43 No.2

Implications of Impacts of Climate Change on Forest Product Flows and Forest Dependent Communities in the Western Ghats, India

Indu K Murthy,Savithri Bhat,Vani Sathyanarayan,Sridhar Patgar,Beerappa M,PR Bhat,DM Bhat,Ranjith Gopalakrishnan,Mathangi Jayaraman,Madhushree Munsi,Ravindranath NH,Khalid MA,Prashant M,Sudha Iyer,Ragh 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.2

The tropical wet evergreen, tropical semi evergreen and moist deciduous forest types are projected to be impacted by climate change. In the Western Ghats region, a biodiversity hotspot, evergreen forests including semi evergreen account for 30% of the forest area and according to climate change impact model projections, nearly a third of these forest types are likely to undergo vegetation type change. Similarly, tropical moist deciduous forests which account for about 28% of the forest area are likely to experience change in about 20% of the area. Thus climate change could adversely impact forest biodiversity and product flow to the forest dependent households and communities in Uttara Kannada district of the Western Ghats. This study analyses the distribution of non- timber forest product yielding tree species through a network of twelve 1-ha permanent plots established in the district. Further, the extent of dependence of communities on forests is ascertained through questionnaire surveys. On an average 21% and 28% of the tree species in evergreen and deciduous forest types, respectively are, non-timber forest product yielding tree species, indicating potential high levels of supply of products to communities. Community dependence on non-timber forest products is significant, and it contributes to Rs. 1199 and Rs. 3561/household in the evergreen and deciduous zones, respectively. Given that the bulk of the forest grids in Uttara Kannada district are projected to undergo change, bulk of the species which provide multiple forest products are projected to experience die back and even mortality. Incorporation of climate change projections and impacts in forest planning and management is necessary to enable forest ecosystems to enhance resilience.

Spectral characterization of a pteridine derivative from cyanide-utilizing bacterium Bacillus subtilis - JN989651

S. Durairaju Nisshanthini,Antony K. Teresa Infanta S.,Duraisamy Senthil Raja,Karuppannan Natarajan,M. Palaniswamy,Jayaraman Angayarkanni 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.4

Soil and water samples were collected from various regionsof SIPCOT and nearby Vanappadi Lake, Ranipet, Tamilnadu,India. Based on their colony morphology and their stabilityduring subculturing, 72 bacteria were isolated, of which 14isolates were actinomycetes. Preliminary selection was carriedout to exploit the ability of the microorganisms to utilizesodium cyanate as nitrogen source. Those organismsthat were able to utilize cyanate were subjected to secondaryscreening viz., utilization of sodium cyanide as the nitrogensource. The oxygenolytic cleavage of cyanide is dependenton cyanide monooxygenase which obligately requires pterincofactor for its activity. Based on this, the organisms capableof utilizing sodium cyanide were tested for the presence ofpterin. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the cell extractsusing n-butanol: 5 N glacial acetic acid (4:1) revealed that10 out of 12 organisms that were able to utilize cyanide hadthe pterin-related blue fluorescent compound in the cellextract. The cell extracts of these 10 organisms were subjectedto high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)for further confirmation using a pterin standard. Based onthe incubation period, cell biomass yield, peak height andarea, strain VPW3 was selected and was identified as Bacillussubtilis. The Rf value of the cell extract was 0.73 which wasconsistent with the 0.74 Rf value of the pterin standardwhen scanned at 254 nm. The compound was extracted andpurified by preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC). Characterization of the compound wasperformed by ultraviolet spectrum, fluorescence spectrum,Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS), andNuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The compoundis proposed to be 6-propionyl pterin (2-amino-6-propionyl-3H-pteridin-4-one).