Breeding of New Productive Bivoltine Hybrid, CSR12×CSR6 of Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

( R. K. Datta ),( H. K. Basavaraja ),( N. Mal Reddy ),( S. Nirmal Kumar ),( N. Suresh Kumar ),( M. Ramesh Babu ),( M. M. Ahsan ),( K. P. Jayaswal ) 한국잠사학회 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.3 No.2

With an objective of evolving quantitatively and qualitatively superior bivoltine breeds/hybrids of silkworm Bombyx mori L. for tropical conditions, breeding work was initiated in Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore during 1992 by utilizing two Japanese hybrids namely BNl8×BCS25 and Shunrei×Shogetsu along with Indian evolved breed, KA. The breed CSR12 which is characterized with sex-limited larval marking and white oval cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid BNl8×BCS25 by crossing with KA, while the breed CSR6 which is characterized with normal marking (marked larvae) and white dumbbell cocoons was extracted from the Japanese commercial hybrid Shunrei×Shogetsu through continuous inbreeding coupled with selection. After fixation, these breeds along with other newly evolved breeds were subjected to hybrid study under optimum environmental conditions in the laboratory for expression of full potential of the genotypes. These hybrids were evaluated by Multiple Trait Evaluation Index (Mano et al., 1993). The hybrid CSR12×CSR6 was selected based multiple trait evaluation index value. The hybrid CSR12×CSR6 recorded survival of 96.0%, shell weight of 50.0 cg, shell ratio of 24.3%, raw silk percentage of 19.6, filament length of 1,216 m, boil off loss of 22.4% and renditta of 5.1. On the other hand, the control hybrid (KA×NB4D2) has recorded survival of 90.6%, shell weight of 42.1 cg, shell ratio of 20.4%, raw silk percentage of 15.9, filament length of 999 m, boil off loss of 24.8% and renditta of 6.3. The hybrid CSR12×CSR6 was authorized during 1997 by Central Silk Board, Government of India for commercial exploitation during favourable months based on national level race authorization test.

Development of Hybrid Artificial Neural Network–Particle Swarm Optimization Model and Comparison of Genetic and Particle Swarm Algorithms for Optimization of Machining Fixture Layout

M. Ramesh,K. A. Sundararaman,M. Sabareeswaran,R. Srinivasan 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.23 No.12

In this research paper, a methodology is proposed by combining taguchi’s parametric design, hybrid artificial neural network–particle swarm optimization (ANN–PSO) and evolutionary techniques to optimize the fixture layout by minimizing the maximum workpiece deformation on a 2D fixture workpiece system in end milling operation. Taguchi’s parametric design with five levels is utilized iteratively to estimate the potential range to place the fixture elements around the workpiece using the data obtained from finite element method. The hybrid ANN–PSO model is developed to predict the maximum workpiece deformation within the potential range in which PSO is utilized to optimize the weights and biases of the network. The diversity of data used for training the model is ensured by combining the experimental conditions of central composite design and Box Behnken design of response surface methodology. The developed model is tested using root mean square error, which exhibited better prediction accuracy. The hybrid ANN–PSO model is then optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) and PSO. The results clearly indicate that the PSO is capable of producing better fixture layouts with 0.1936% of superiority in solution quality than GA. Hence, the proposed approach is more viable to design the improved fixture layout with huge reduction in time and computational complexity.

Peer-to-peer trust management in intelligent transportation system: An Aumann’s agreement theorem based approach

Ramesh T.R.,Vijayaragavan M.,Poongodi M.,Mounir Hamdi,Huihui Wang,Sami Bourouis 한국통신학회 2022 ICT Express Vol.8 No.3

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANETs) has gained wide popularity such that it is necessary to incorporate trust among each node in the network. However, trust management among vehicles is a challenging task as malicious nodes are prone to disturb data transmission among different vehicles. The aim of this work is to establish the truth of consensus, to identify the malicious nodes with no further delay, by considering the decision of each vehicle on finding the trust values. The experimental analysis for the proposed approach done using the NS3 with CAIDA data set, the proposed scheme shows superior results compared to the other existing schemes for the detection rate of malicious nodes. It enhances the attack Detection Rate (DR) as 96.5% for the projected dual weighted trust evaluation technique. But, DR for the triumphing technique firecol is 74.9% and AODV is 60%. Thus, it is experimentally proved that dual weighted trust mechanism has high attack detection rate, comparatively. Also, proposed method outperforms very well with respect to the data transmission parameters like packet delivery ratio, energy Consumption and average latency comparatively over the existing mechanisms.

Magnetoelectric complex-oxide heterostructures

Ramesh, R.,Zavaliche, F.,Chu, Y. H.,Martin, L. W.,Yang, S. Y.,Cruz, M. P.,Barry, M.,Lee, K.,Yang, P.,Zhan, Q. Taylor and Francis 2007 Philosophical magazine letters Vol.87 No.3

<P> A short review of recent progress in the field of multiferroic thin films and heterostructures is given. We focus on the bismuth iron oxide system due to its desirable properties, namely high ferroelectric Curie temperature and antiferromagnetic Neel temperature. Epitaxial growth of this model system in various crystallographic orientations has conclusively demonstrated the large ferroelectric polarization in this system. Piezoforce microscopy reveal a complex domain structure, especially on (100) SrTiO3 substrates. Electrical switching experiments show the co-existence of 71°, 109° and 180° domain switching mechanisms in such films. Preliminary work has shown promise for electrically controllable exchange bias in ferromagnet-multiferroic heterostructures.</P>

Breeding of New Productive Bivoltine Hybrid, CSR12 $\times$ CSR6 of Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

Datta, R.K.,Basavaraja, H.K.,Reddy, N.Mal,Kumar, S.Nirmal,Kumar, N.Suresh,Babu, M.Ramesh,Ahsan, M.M.,Jayaswal, K.P. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.3 No.2

With an objective of evolving quantitatively and qualitatively superior bivoltine breeds/hybrids of silkworm Bombyx mori L. for tropical conditions, breeding work was initiated in Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore during 1992 by utilizing two Japanese hybrids namely BNl8$\times$BCS25 and Shunrei$\times$Shogetsu along with Indian evolved breed, KA. The breed CSR12 which is characterized with sex-limited larval marking and white oval cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid BNl8 ${\times}$ BCS25 by crossing with KA, while the breed CSR6 which is characterized with normal marking (marked larvae) and white dumbbell cocoons was extracted from the Japanese commercial hybrid Shunrei${\times}$Shogetsu through continuous inbreeding coupled with selection. After fixation, these breeds along with other newly evolved breeds were subjected to hybrid study under optimum environmental conditions in the laboratory for expression of full potential of the genotypes. These hybrids were evaluated by Multiple Trait Evaluation Index (Mano et al., 1993). The hybrid CSR12${\times}$CSR6 was selected based multiple trait evaluation index value. The hybrid CSR12$\times$CSR6 recorded survival of 96.0%, shell weight of 50.0 cg, shell ratio of 24.3%, raw silk percentage of 19.6, filament length of 1,216 m, boil off loss of 22.4% and renditta of 5.1. On the other hand, the control hybrid (KA ${\times}$ NB4D2) has recorded survival of 90.6%, shell weight of 42.1 cg, shell ratio of 20.4%, raw silk percentage of 15.9, filament length of 999 m, boil off loss of 24.8% and renditta of 6.3. The hybrid CSR12$\times$CSR6 was authorized during 1997 by Central Silk Board, Government of India for commercial exploitation during favourable months based on national level race authorization test.

Optimization of Zn₂SnO₄ thin film by post oxidation of thermally evaporated alternate Sn and Zn metallic multi-layers

R., Ramarajan,M., Kovendhan,Phan, Duy-Thach,K., Thangaraju,R., Ramesh Babu,Jeon, Ki-Joon,D., Paul Joseph Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.449 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An attempt to optimize Zn<SUB>2</SUB>SnO<SUB>4</SUB> (ZTO) thin film has been done by alternate thermal evaporation of ‘Sn’ and ‘Zn’ in the sequence Sn10/Zn15/Sn15/Zn15/Sn5 onto corning glass substrates and subsequent post oxidation process. The XRD patterns of as-deposited metallic thin films changed over from metallic to oxidized ZTO phase with cubic spinel structure along with ZnO phase. The film thickness and roughness increased apparently due to diffusion of oxygen into the metallic inter-layers. The binding energies estimated from the XPS data also indicated oxidation of the metallic multi-layers. Post-annealing of the film developed transparency in visible region to around 40%. The direct band gap of ZTO and ZnO were estimated to be 3.46 eV and 3.10 eV respectively. The annealed ZTO thin film was measured for electrical transport parameters by Hall Effect measurement. Raman spectrum observed at 668 cm<SUP>−1</SUP> is due to stretching vibration of short metal-oxide bonds in the MO<SUB>6</SUB> octahedron. The photoluminescence spectrum showed blue emission centered around 436 nm predominantly due to oxygen vacancies in addition to weak orange emission centered at 625 nm. Gas sensor using thin films of as-deposited and ZTO formed by post-annealing process showed significant sensing response for NO<SUB>2</SUB> gas. These results reveal that the ZTO thin film deposited by alternate thermal evaporation and subsequent post oxidation is worth exploring as transparent conducting electrode and also as a gas sensing material.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Metallic Sn and Zn were deposited by a newer alternate evaporation in Sn10/Zn15/Sn15/Zn15/Sn5 sequence. </LI> <LI> Upon annealing, metallic multi-layers gets intermixed and oxidized leading to Zn<SUB>2</SUB>SnO<SUB>4</SUB> phase. </LI> <LI> Transparency in visible region was around 40% with 3.46 eV direct band gap value. </LI> <LI> The PL emission has a broad asymmetric peak in blue region due to free-to-bound recombination. </LI> <LI> The annealed film has a response/recovery time of 51/107 s for 50 ppm of NO<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Synthesis and electrochemical investigation of hetero bimetallic complexes CoMn2O4 micro rods for novel supercapacitor electrode

M. Murugesan,N. Nallamuthu,R. Ranjithkumar,M. Krishnakumar,P. Devendran,K. Ramesh 대한금속·재료학회 2023 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.19 No.1

Supercapacitors have been emerging tool with high power density in energy storage system. The energy storage capabilityof supercapacitors depends on electrochemical performance of transition metal oxide based electrode materials. Becauseof the co-existence of two metal ions and synergistic eff ects of elements, binary metal oxides, AB 2 O 4 (A or B = Ni, Co,Mo, Mn, and so on), have more active reaction sites and high electrical conductivity than other binary transition metaloxides. To improve the best electrochemical performance, cobalt manganese oxide (CoMn 2 O 4 ) is synthesized via simplehydrothermal method. The CoMn 2 O 4 rod is characterized to analyse its crystalline structure, functional group vibrations,surface morphology and elemental conformations. The electrochemical performance of CoMn 2 O 4 is analysed using cyclicvoltammetry, galvano-static charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectrum techniques. The cyclic voltammetryresult reveals that pseudo capacitive behaviour of CoMn 2 O 4 compound. The charge–discharge cycling stability of CoMn 2 O 4rod is analysed in 5 A g −1 up to 10,000 cycles. Asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated using CoMn 2 O 4 || Activated Carbonwhich also obeys pseudo capacitive behaviour. The energy density is analysed as 28.7 Wh kg −1 at current density 1 mA forasymmetric supercapacitor device.

Effect of Cr3+ Substitution on Structural, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Nanocrystalline Ni0.5Zn0.5CrxFe(2-x)O4 Ferrite System

M. Siva Ram Prasad,B. R. Babu,K. V. Ramesh,K. Trinath 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.7

Polycrystalline Ni–Zn–Cr ferrite nanoparticles with composition Ni0.5Zn0.5CrxFe2-xO4 (for x in the range of 0.00–0.25 insteps of 0.05) were prepared through the nitrate-citrate gel autocombustion method. The as-obtained powders were ground and annealed at 1000℃ for 4 h and characterized for spinel phase using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction revealed the existence of single phase spinel while the TEM micrographs showed the presence of nearly spherical particles with soft agglomeration. Pelleted and toroidal samples of the same ferrite compound were sintered at 1000℃ for 4 h. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent decreased with frequency in the range of 1 kHz–13 MHz while the initial permeability remained almost constant at lower measuring frequencies and thereafter increased with frequency for all samples. The observed variations have been discussed in the light of existing understanding.

Carbon substrates: a review on fabrication, properties and applications

Ramesh M.,Rajeshkumar L.,Bhoopathi R. 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.4

Carbon lives along with us in our daily life and has a vital role to play. It is present in the air and within all living organisms. Due to its handheld advantage in nano-properties that are utilized in many applications, carbon substrates came under limelight during the recent decades. Carbon substrates are most widely used in cancer detection, catalysis, bio-sensing, adsorption, drug delivery, carbon capture, hydrogen storage, and energy. Alongside, composite materials with carbon as an additive are also developing rapidly in applications like infrastructures, automobile, health care, consumer goods, etc. which became an integral chunk of our life. In this paper diferent types of carbon substrates and its applications, properties of the substrates were reviewed. The applications and methods of synthesis of carbon substrates are also dealt with a broad perspective.

Analysis of multi leaf spring based on contact mechanics – a novel approach

R. Kumaravelan,S. Ramesh,V.C. Sathish Gandhi,M. Joemax Agu,M. Thanmanaselvi 국제구조공학회 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.47 No.3

A leaf spring, especially the longitudinal type is liable and persistent element in automotive suspension system. In the present scenario the composite materials are widely used in the automobile industries has shown a great interest in the replacement of steel spring due to high strength by weight ratio. Previous investigations focused on stresses and displacement analysis of single leaf spring for different materials. The present work aims to design and analysis of leaf spring for two different cases by considering the Young's modulus to yield strength ratio. In the first case the analysis deals with the design and analysis of a single cantilever solid triangle beam which is an equivalent beam of a spring with three leaves having uniform strength. In the second case a 3- beams of rectangular cross section has been considered which is equivalent to a spring with three leaves. The analysis was carried out based on contact mechanics approach. The results were compared, that the fiberglass composite leaf spring is suitable for high loading capacity, reliability and efficiency.