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Applications of Sugarcane by-products to mitigate climate change in Ethiopia
Habte, Lulit,Mulatu, Dure,Ahn, Ji Whan The Korean Society for Energy 2018 에너지공학 Vol.27 No.3
Climate change is one of the major issues in both the developed and developing world. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is one of the implications for climate change. It is increasing rapidly. Although the emission is much less when compared to the rest of the world, Ethiopia has also faced this global issue. The major source for GHG emission in Ethiopia is agriculture. Therefore, the agriculture sector has to be given more attention in Ethiopia. To overcome the problem, Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy has been initiated. One way of executing this target is to create a sustainable and environmentally friendly pathway to use agricultural byproducts. Sugarcane is one of the major plants in Ethiopia. Its byproducts are bagasse, molasses, and press mud. Since it is a waste product, it is economical and creates a sustainable and green environment by reducing GHG emissions. Sugarcane byproducts have versatile applications like as fuel, as cement replacing material, as a mitigation for expansive soils, as biosorbent for the treatment of water and wastewater and also as a wood material. However, Ethiopia has not used this byproduct massively as it is readily available. This paper reviews the possible applications of sugarcane byproducts to mitigate climate change.
Inhibition of Total Nitrogen Loss in Urine through Integrated Alkali Stabilization and Carbonation
Lulit Habte,Thriveni Thenepalli,안영준,Mohd Danish Khan,안지환 한국에너지학회 2022 에너지공학 Vol.31 No.3
In this paper, total nitrogen (TN) has been recovered from waste diapers through alkaline stabilization as a liquid fertilizer. Nitrogen is one of the most dominant as well as difficult key nutrients to recover from human urine. However, nitrogen can easily be lost in the form of ammonia gas by enzymatic degradation of urea. In this work, a baby diaper has been used as a source of urine which is one of the environmental burdens. The experiment started with synthesizing CaO from the waste shell used to prevent the enzymatic degradation of urea. The waste diaper was soaked in the CaO solution with desired liquid to solid ratio and stirred at 200 rpm. In the present study, three experimental parameters were investigated: CaO dosage (0.05-0.5 M), liquid/solid ratio (L/S) (5-15), and temperature (20-80 ℃). The experimental design and optimization study was conducted by response surface methodology (RSM), Box−Behnken. The urine sample was analyzed for TN before and after the alkaline stabilization process. Initially, 1068.4 mg/L of TN was present in the fresh urine obtained from the baby’s diaper. Then, the TN in the stabilized urine increased with time and reached 1631.2 mg/L in 48 hrs whereas in the original urine (without CaO), it reached 606 mg/L within 48 hrs. Moreover, the optimization result highlights that 0.05 M, 40 ℃, and 5 of CaO dosage, temperature, and L/S ratio respectively were the optimized condition for obtaining maximized nitrogen recovery that is 2048.56 mg/L that is 91% recovery. Finally, carbonation of the stabilized urine was conducted to neutralize the pH of the liquid fertilizer solution. Enzymatic urea hydrolysis was not observed although the pH of the stabilized urine was lowered to neutral.
Applications of Sugarcane by-products to mitigate climate change in Ethiopia
LULIT HABTE EKUBATSION,DURE MULATU GELETA,안지환 한국에너지학회 2018 에너지공학 Vol.27 No.3
Climate change is one of the major issues in both the developed and developing world. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is one of the implications for climate change. It is increasing rapidly. Although the emission is much less when compared to the rest of the world, Ethiopia has also faced this global issue. The major source for GHG emission in Ethiopia is agriculture. Therefore, the agriculture sector has to be given more attention in Ethiopia. To overcome the problem, Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy has been initiated. One way of executing this target is to create a sustainable and environmentally friendly pathway to use agricultural byproducts. Sugarcane is one of the major plants in Ethiopia. Its byproducts are bagasse, molasses, and press mud. Since it is a waste product, it is economical and creates a sustainable and green environment by reducing GHG emissions. Sugarcane byproducts have versatile applications like as fuel, as cement replacing material, as a mitigation for expansive soils, as biosorbent for the treatment of water and wastewater and also as a wood material. However, Ethiopia has not used this byproduct massively as it is readily available. This paper reviews the possible applications of sugarcane byproducts to mitigate climate change.
The Cement Industry in Ethiopia
Mulatu, Dure,Habte, Lulit,Ahn, Ji Whan The Korean Society for Energy 2018 에너지공학 Vol.27 No.3
The cement industry is one of the rapidly growing industry in Ethiopia. The average per capita cement consumption of the country has increased from 39kg to 62kg. However, this is still way below than the global average per capita consumption of 500kg. The Ethiopian government is planning to expand its cement industry by upgrading the current cement plants and also opening of new cement plants in order to meet the future demand of the country. Currently, the number of cement plants in Ethiopia has reached to 20. By the year 2025, per capita cement consumption is expected to increase to 179kg. Recently, Ethiopia has become one of Africa's largest market for the cement industry. In addition, Ethiopia has become the major exporter of cement in the Sub-Saharan African region. The Ethiopian cement industry is highly dependent on the use of imported energy sources for its production. This situation has a significant amount of impact on the high production costs of the industry. This paper will try to review the history, production, available resources, the technologies and energy use of the Ethiopian cement industry.