배추 시스테인 단백질 분해 효소 억제 유전자 BCPI-1의 발현과 종자 발아 및 유묘 생장과의 연관성

홍준기,이은영,김정률,양경애,최영주,정우식,김호일,윤대진,이상열,조무제,임체오 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2003 No.-

Phytocystatins are protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases of the papain family that have been identified in both monocot and dicot plants. A cDNA encoding a phytocystatin, BCPI-1 (Brassica Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor-1) has been isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) flower buds. Here, we tested whether BCPI-1 transcription is regulated by hormones, and could be involved in regulating cysteine proteinases during and after germination. BCPI-1 was sensitive to exogenous GA_(3) and ABA, which are important factors controlling seed germination, suggesting that the expression of BCPI-1 is hormonally regulated. We introduced a recombinant plasmid containing the full-length BCPI-1 cDNA under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter into rice embryogenic calli using the particle delivery method, and regenerated a number of transgenic rice plants. Constitutively over-expressed BCPI-1 caused changes in overall plant growth and development, including reduced germination and seedling growth. These data support the role of the BCPI-1 in the regulation of endogenous proteinases during both seed germination and subsequent seedling development. Phylocystatins은 papain계열의 cysteine 단백질 분해 효소 활성을 특이적으로 억제하는 억제자로 다양한 식물 종으로부터 분리되었다. 본고에서는, 배추 화아 cDNA library로부터 분리된 phytocystatin인 BCPI-1(Brassica Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor-1)의 생체 내 기능에 대해 연구하였다. 먼저, BCPI-1 전사체는 발아 조절에 중요한 영향을 미치는 GA₃와 ABA에 의해 예민하게 증가, 혹은 감소되는 반응을 보임으로써, BCPI-1이 식물 호르몬의 영향을 받으며, 특히 발아나 유묘의 생장 조절에 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Particle bombardment 방법을 통하여 BCPI-1을 벼의 배 형성 세포 내에 도입, 재분화 시켜 형질 전환 벼를 생성하였다. CaMV 35S promoter의 조절에 의해 지속적인 BCPI-1 발현을 보이는 형질 전환 벼의 경우, 발아와 유묘 생장이 현저히 지연되었다. 위의 결과들을 바탕으로, BCPI-1이 식물체 내에서 생성되는 cysteine 계열의 단밸질 분해 효소 활성을 조절하여 종자의 발아와 유묘의 생장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 추측한다.

An experimental study of vibration control of wind-excited high-rise buildings using particle tuned mass dampers

Zheng Lu,Dianchao Wang,Sami F. Masri,Xilin Lu 국제구조공학회 2016 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.18 No.1

A particle tuned mass damper (PTMD) system is the combination of a traditional tuned mass damper (TMD) and a particle damper (PD). This paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical study of the damping performance of a PTMD attached to the top of a benchmark model under wind load excitation. The length ratio of the test model is 1:200. The vibration reduction laws of the system were explored by changing some system parameters (including the particle material, total auxiliary mass ratio, the mass ratio between container and particles, the suspending length, and wind velocity). An appropriate analytical solution based on the concept of an equivalent single-unit impact damper is presented. Comparison between the experimental and analytical results shows that, with the proper use of the equivalent method, reasonably accurate estimates of the dynamic response of a primary system under wind load excitation can be obtained. The experimental and simulation results show the robustness of the new damper and indicate that the damping performance can be improved by controlling the particle density, increasing the amount of particles, and aggravating the impact of particles etc.

Effects of NaCl Stress on Growth, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes and Reactive Oxygen Metabolism of Hydroponically-Grown Grafted Eggplants

Zheng-Lu Liu,Toru Maruo,Yue-Lin Zhu,Chun-Mei Hu,Li-Fei Yang 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

A Study of Mobile Short Video Brand Experience on User Loyalty

Lu Zheng,Yeong-Gil Kim 한국무역연구원 2022 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.18 No.4

Purpose – This study examines how to meet the needs of users, improve user satisfaction, form user loyalty, and obtain greater user retention. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study selects users on mobile short video platforms as the research object, and conducts research from the new perspective and field of brand experience of short video application, using user loyalty theory as a framework to study the relationship between brand experience, user satisfaction, brand personality, and loyalty to test the mediating role of user satisfaction, and to explain the moderating role of brand personality in each variable. Findings – All brand experience positively influences user satisfaction. User satisfaction positively influences user loyalty. Brand experience positively influences user loyalty. User satisfaction plays a mediating role in the relationship between brand experience and user loyalty. Brand personality positively moderates the influence of brand experience on user loyalty. Brand personality positively regulates the mediating role of user satisfaction in the relationship between brand experience. Research Implications – The study puts forward some management suggestions and user promotion marketing suggestions for mobile short video companies to gain a place in the short video market.

Correlation of Adventitial Vasa Vasorum with Intracranial Atherosclerosis: A Postmortem Study

Lu Zheng,Wen Jie Yang,Chun Bo Niu,Hai Lu Zhao,Ka Sing Wong,Thomas Wai Hong Leung,Xiang Yan Chen 대한뇌졸중학회 2018 Journal of stroke Vol.20 No.3

Background and Purpose Vasa vasorum (VV) have been believed to be rare or non-existent in small-caliber intracranial arteries. In a series of human cerebral artery specimens, we identified and examined the distribution of VV in association with co-existing intracranial atherosclerosis. Methods We obtained cerebral artery specimens from 32 consecutive autopsies of subjects aged 45 years or above. We scrutinized middle cerebral artery (MCA), vertebral artery (VA), and basilar artery (BA) for the presence of adventitial VV. We described the distribution of VV, and the characteristics of co-existing atherosclerotic lesions. Results Among 157 intracranial arteries, adventitial VV were present in 74 of the 157 specimens (47%), involving MCA (n=13, 18%), BA (n=14, 19%), and VA (n=47, 64%). Although qualitatively these 74 adventitial VV distributed similarly in arteries with or without atherosclerotic lesions (disease-free arteries n=4/8; arteries of pre-atherosclerosis n=17/42; and arteries of progressive atherosclerosis n=53/107), the presence of adventitial VV in intracranial VA was associated with a heavier plaque load (1.72±1.66 mm2 vs. 0.40±0.32 mm2, P<0.001), severer luminal stenosis (25%±21% vs. 12%±9%, P=0.002), higher rate of concentric lesions (79% vs. 36%, P=0.002), and denser intraplaque calcification (44% vs. 0%, P=0.003). Histologically, intracranial VA with VV had a larger diameter (3.40±0.79 mm vs. 2.34±0.58 mm, P<0.001), thicker arterial wall (0.31±0.13 mm vs. 0.23±0.06 mm, P=0.002), and a larger intima-media (0.19±0.09 mm vs. 0.13± 0.04 mm, P=0.003) than VA without VV. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the distribution of adventitial VV within brain vasculature and association between vertebral VV and progressive atherosclerotic lesions with a heavier plaque load and denser intraplaque calcification.

Studies on vibration control effects of a semi-active impact damper for seismically excited nonlinear building

Zheng Lu,Hengrui Zhang,Sami F. Masri 국제구조공학회 2019 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.24 No.1

The semi-active impact damper (SAID) is proposed to improve the damping efficiency of traditional passive impact dampers. In order to investigate its damping mechanism and vibration control effects on realistic engineering structures, a 20-story nonlinear benchmark building is used as the main structure. The studies on system parameters, including the mass ratio, damping ratio, rigid coefficient, and the intensity of excitation are carried out, and their effects both on linear and nonlinear indexes are evaluated. The damping mechanism is herein further investigated and some suggestions for the design in high-rise buildings are also proposed. To validate the superiority of SAID, an optimal passive particle impact damper (PIDopt) is also investigated as a control group, in which the parameters of the SAID remain the same, and the optimal parameters of the PIDopt are designed by differential evolution algorithm based on a reduced-order model. The numerical simulation shows that the SAID has better control effects than that of the optimized passive particle impact damper, not only for linear indexes (e.g., root mean square response), but also for nonlinear indexes (e.g., component energy consumption and hinge joint curvature).

Investigation on Psychological Distress of the Dialytic Patients with End-stage Failure

Lu-Zheng,Ji Jiang-Ling,Zhou An-Qi,Xu jun-Mian 대한스트레스학회 1998 스트레스硏究 Vol.6 No.2

Over-expression of Chinese cabbage calreticulin 1, BrCRT1, enhances shoot and root regeneration, but retards plant growth in transgenic tobacco

Zheng-Lu Jin,Hong, Joon-Ki,Yang, Kyung-Ae,Koo, Ja-Choon,Choi, Young-Ju,Chung, Woo-Sik,Yun, Dae-Jin,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Cho, Moo-Je,Lim, Chae-Oh Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2005 No.

Calreticulin (CRT) is a ubiquitously expressed, high capacity Ca^(2+)-binding protein that is involved in intracellular Ca^(2+) homeostasis and molecular chaperoning in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A cDNA encoding a calreticulin, BrCRT1 (Brassica rapa Calreticulin 1), has been isolated from Chinese cabbage (B. rapa subsp. pekinensis) flower bud. Constitutive over-expression of the BrCRT1 gene promotes robust shoot production and root formation at sub-optimal concentrations of BA/NAA, which are important factors controlling plant regeneration in tissue culture. In contrast, the suppressed BrCRT1 line exhibited a slight reduction of shoot and root regeneration. In spite of enhanced regeneration in tissue culture, the seedling and plant growth rate was inhibited in soil. The steady state level of BrCRT1 transcripts was sensitive to exogenous auxins and cytokinins, and rapidly accumulated within 30 min, and this induction required de novo protein synthesis. Together with the results of transgenic tobacco plants and mRNA analysis in Chinese cabbage, our data suggest that BrCRT1 genes may up-regulate the competency of vegetative tissue to respond to hormonal signals involved in shoot and root regeneration processes.

Privatization of State-Controlled Shareholding Companies and the Rise of Corporate Elites in China

Lu Zheng,Byung Soo Kim 지역사회학회 2017 지역사회학 Vol.18 No.2

As the State still controls a large share of China’s economy, the process of privatization of state-owned enterprises and the rise of corporate elites who control them should be traced and examined in a systematic and thorough way. As one of the first efforts to do so, this research collected and analyzed first-hand data on private-takeovers of 341 previously State-controlled listed firms on China’s stock exchanges during the period of 1996-2008. Preliminary results show privatizations have most likely occurred amongst relatively small-sized firms, more prevalently in industries under less state oversight, and more in economically developed provinces. Further analysis reveals that the majority of the new private controlling shareholders are outsiders rather than insiders to the acquired firms, and as a whole they are highly educated, and politically and economically well positioned. This research suggests that a group of capable private entrepreneurs are assuming roles as new corporate elites by taking advantage of emerging merger and acquisition opportunities in China’s stock market. It is the different route of privatization characterized by the above findings that China has embarked upon and is contributing to its relative success in economic reforms compared with its former communist counterparts.

A composite crack model for concrete based on meshless method

Lu, Xin-Zheng,Jiang, Jian-Jing,Ye, Lie-Ping Techno-Press 2006 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.23 No.3

A crack model for the fracture in concrete based on meshless method is proposed in this paper. The cracks in concrete are classified into micro-cracks or macro-cracks respectively according to their widths, and different numerical approaches are adopted for them. The micro-cracks are represented with smeared crack approach whilst the macro-cracks are represented with discrete cracks that are made up with additional nodes and boundaries. The widely used meshless method, Element-free Galerkin method, is adopted instead of finite element method to model the concrete, so that the discrete crack approach is easier to be implemented with the convenience of arranging node distribution in the meshless method. Rotating-Crack-Model is proved to be preferred over Fixed-Crack-Model for the smeared cracks of this composite crack model due to its better performance on mesh bias. Numerical examples show that this composite crack model can take advantage of the positive characteristics in the smeared and discrete approaches, and overcome some of their disadvantages.