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The Influence of Foreign Travel on Adult Learning
Liou,Tzi-Li,Wang,Chiu-Zone 한국문화관광학회 2009 문화관광연구 Vol.11 No.1
This study attempted to understand the influence of foreign travel on adults’ learning. This study adopted qualitative interviews to collect information needed for the research. Five adults with foreign travel experience and two staffs of travel agencies were interviewed. The research results are as the following. First, the styles that adults engaged in foreign travel include ecotourism, historical remains, sports tourism, leisure and entertainment, delicious food and shopping, business tourism, and so forth. Second, the factors which influence adult to participate in foreign travel include economic condition, culture identification, health condition, language ability, adaptation ability to changes, information collection, complete plans. Third, adult participation in foreign travel has learning effects such as the knowledge acquisition, culture interaction, enhancement of sport ability, change of value standard, making new friends.
Regulation of the Immune System by NF-kB and IkB
Liou, Hsiou-Chi 한국생화학분자생물학회 2002 BMB Reports Vol.35 No.6
NF-kB/Rel transcription factor family participates in diverse biological processes including embryo development, hematopoiesis, immune regulation, as well as neuronal functions. In this review, the NF-kB/Rel signal transduction pathways and their important roles in the regulation of immune system will be discussed. NF-kB/Rel members execute distinct functions in multiple immune cell types via the regulation of target genes essential for cell proliferation, survival, effector functions, cell trafficking and communication, as well as the formation of lymphoid architecture. Consequently, proper activation of NF-kB/Rel during immune responses to allergens, auto-antigens, alto-antigens, and pathogenic infection is crucial for the integrity of host innate and adaptive immunity.
Towards alleviation of the digital divide and poverty through land information
Liou, Jae-Ik The Korean Society for Geospatial Information Syst 2002 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.10 No.5
Accesses to lands, houses, the Internet and other utilities are regarded as basic human needs to escape poverty and are required to recognize the relationships between the digital divide and socio-economical inequality. The digital divide might not be a single technical disparity, but stems from a complicated mixture of economic and socio-technical symptoms of inequality. There is growing awareness of scrutinizing causal mechanisms between the digital divide and poverty since combating poverty could be a primary step to mitigate the digital divide. In this paper, the Hexad model is proposed to explicate poverty interpretation by using 6 parameters as a major tool for partly assisting in poverty monitoring system in connection with land information. A solution model of the Internet is suggested to break the digital divide. It expounds a conceptual framework and new idea for poverty management to notify spatio-temporal locations of poor actors and geography of the digital divide when efforts of poverty eradication hinge on understandings of geographic location of digital disadvantaged groups through parcel-based land information.
The Influence of Foreign Travel on Adult Learning
Liou Tzi Li,Chiu Zone Wang 한국문화관광학회 2009 문화관광연구 Vol.11 No.1
This study attempted to understand the influence of foreign travel on adults` learning. This study adopted qualitative interviews to collect information needed for the research. Five adults with foreign travel experience and two staffs of travel agencies were interviewed. The research results are as the following. First, the styles that adults engaged in foreign travel include ecotourism, historical remains, sports tourism, leisure and entertainment, delicious food and shopping, business tourism, and so forth. Second, the factors which influence adult to participate in foreign travel include economic condition, culture identification, health condition, language ability, adaptation ability to changes, information collection, complete plans. Third, adult participation in foreign travel has learning effects such as the knowledge acquisition, culture interaction, enhancement of sport ability, change of value standard, making new friends.
Modeling temporal cadastre for land information management
Liou, Jae-Ik The Korean Society for Geospatial Information Syst 2002 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.10 No.5
Time is regarded as an essential feature of land information enabling to track historical landmarks of land uses, ownerships, and taxations based on cadastral maps. Object-oriented temporal modeling helps to simulate and imitate time-varying cadastral data in a chronological and persistent manner. The aim of study is to analyze the role of temporal cadastre tracing footprints of foregoing events in response to various needs and demands associated with historical information of cadastral transactions. In this paper, temporal cadastral object model (TCOM) is proposed to delineate object version history. As an evidence of a new approach and conceptual idea for the importance of temporal cadastre, a part of spatio-temporal processes is illustrated to explain major changes of cadastral map. The feasibility and application of the approach is confirmed by proof-of-concept of temporal cadastre in land information management.
Regulation of the Immune System by NF-κB and IκB
Liou, Hsiou-Chi 생화학분자생물학회 2002 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.35 No.6
NF-${\kappa}B$/Rel transcription factor family participates in diverse biological processes including embryo development, hematopoiesis, immune regulation, as well as neuronal functions. In this review, the NF-${\kappa}B$/Rel signal transduction pathways and their important roles in the regulation of immune system will be discussed. NF-${\kappa}B$/Rel members execute distinct functions in multiple immune cell types via the regulation of target genes essential for cell proliferation, survival, effector functions, cell trafficking and communication, as well as the formation of lymphoid architecture. Consequently, proper activation of NF-${\kappa}B$/Rel during immune responses to allergens, auto-antigens, allo-antigens, and pathogenic infection is crucial for the integrity of host innate and adaptive immunity.