Leakage Flow Influence on SHF pump model performances

Annie-Claude Bayeul-Lainé,Patrick Dupont,Antoine Dazin,Gérard Bois,Olivier Roussette,Qiaorui Si 한국유체기계학회 2015 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.8 No.4

This paper deals with the influence of leakage flow existing in SHF pump model on the analysis of internal flow behaviour inside the vane diffuser of the pump model performance using both experiments and calculations. PIV measurements have been performed at different hub to shroud planes inside one diffuser channel passage for a given speed of rotation and various flow rates. For each operating condition, the PIV measurements have been trigged with different angular impeller positions. The performances and the static pressure rise of the diffuser were also measured using a three-hole probe. The numerical simulations were carried out with Star CCM+ 9.06 code (RANS frozen and unsteady calculations). Some results were already presented at the XXth IAHR Symposium for three flowrates for RANS frozen and URANS calculations. In the present paper, comparisons between URANS calculations with and without leakages and experimental results are presented and discussed for these flow rates. The performances of the diffuser obtained by numerical calculations are compared to those obtained by the three-holes probe measurements. The comparisons show the influence of fluid leakages on global performances and a real improvement concerning the efficiency of the diffuser, the pump and the velocity distributions. These results show that leakage is an important parameter that has to be taken into account in order to make improved comparisons between numerical approaches and experiments in such a specific model set up.

Ghrelin-induced hippocampal neurogenesis and enhancement of cognitive function are mediated independently of GH/IGF-1 axis: lessons from the spontaneous dwarf rats

Li, E.,Kim, Y.,Kim, S.,Park, S. THE JAPAN ENDOCRINE SOCIETY 2013 Endocrine journal Vol.60 No.9

Ghrelin stimulates proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural progenitors from the subventricular zone in the adult mice

Li, E.,Kim, Y.,Kim, S.,Sato, T.,Kojima, M.,Park, S. Academic Press 2014 Experimental neurology Vol.252 No.-

Ghrelin has been shown to regulate neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of ghrelin on cell proliferation and neuroblast formation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and rostral migratory system (RMS) and generation of interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB). We found that ghrelin receptors were expressed in the SVZ-RMS-OB system. Ghrelin knockout (GKO) mice have fewer proliferating neural progenitor cells and neuroblasts in the SVZ, while ghrelin administration attenuated these changes. We also found that not only the number of BrdU-labeled cells but also the fraction of migratory neuroblasts in the RMS was decreased in the GKO mice compared with controls. Treatment of GKO mice with ghrelin restored these numbers to the wild-type control values. Far fewer BrdU/NeuN double-labeled cells were found in the OB of GKO mice than in wild-type mice 4weeks after labeling, which were increased by ghrelin replacement. GKO mice showed less numbers of BrdU/calbindin, BrdU/calretinin and BrdU/tyrosine hydroxylase double-labeled cells in the periglomerular layer of the OB. However, these numbers were increased to wild-type values after ghrelin administration. Finally, in the GH-deficient spontaneous dwarf rats, ghrelin increased the number of progenitor cells and neuroblasts in the SVZ, without significant effect on the differentiation in the OB. These findings suggest that ghrelin is involved in the regulation of proliferation of progenitor cells in the SVZ, the number of migratory neuroblasts in the SVZ, and the differentiation of interneurons in the OB.

Leakage Flow Influence on SHF pump model performances

Patrick Dupont,Annie-Claude Bayeul-Lainé,Antoine Dazin,Gérard Bois,Olivier Roussette,Qiaorui Si 한국유체기계학회 2015 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.8 No.3

This paper deals with the influence of leakage flow existing in SHF pump model on the analysis of internal flow behaviour inside the vane diffuser of the pump model performance using both experiments and calculations. PIV measurements have been performed at different hub to shroud planes inside one diffuser channel passage for a given speed of rotation and various flow rates. For each operating condition, the PIV measurements have been trigged with different angular impeller positions. The performances and the static pressure rise of the diffuser were also measured using a three-hole probe. The numerical simulations were carried out with Star CCM+ 9.06 code (RANS frozen and unsteady calculations). Some results were already presented at the XXth IAHR Symposium for three flowrates for RANS frozen and URANS calculations. In the present paper, comparisons between URANS calculations with and without leakages and experimental results are presented and discussed for these flow rates. The performances of the diffuser obtained by numerical calculations are compared to those obtained by the three-holes probe measurements. The comparisons show the influence of fluid leakages on global performances and a real improvement concerning the efficiency of the diffuser, the pump and the velocity distributions. These results show that leakage is an important parameter that has to be taken into account in order to make improved comparisons between numerical approaches and experiments in such a specific model set up.

Static pressure recovery analysis in the vane island diffuser of a centrifugal pump

Qiaorui Si,Patrick Dupont,Annie-Claude Bayeul-Lainé,Antoine Dazin,Olivier Roussette,Gérard Bois 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.2

The overall performance of a vane-island type diffuser of a centrifugal pump model was obtained by means of directional probe traverses. These measurements were performed in an air model of a real hydraulic pump for five volume flow rates. Directional probe traverses are performed with a classical three-hole probe to cover most of the complete inlet section of the diffuser from hub to shroud and from pressure to suction side. Existing Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement results are also used to compare probe measurement results between the inlet and outlet throats of vane island diffuser at mid-span. Some assistance from already existing unsteady calculation, including leakage effects, is used to evaluate the numerical approach capability and to correctly define the mean initial conditions at impeller’s outlet section. Pressure recovery and the measured total pressure loss levels inside this particular vane diffuser geometry are then calculated. Detailed analysis of the flow structure at the inlet section of the vane island diffuser is presented to focus on pressure evolution inside the entire diffuser section for different flow rates. The combined effects of incidence angle and blockage distributions along hub to shroud direction are found to play an important role on loss distribution in such a diffuser.

The Concept of Mode of Exchange: An Auto-Critique

John Lie 한국학술연구원 2014 Korea Observer Vol.45 No.3

My Ph.D. dissertation, “Visualizing the Invisible Hand: From Market to Mode of Exchange,” sought at once to criticize the neoclassical conceptualization of the market and to propose an alternative frame- work for the study of “market” exchange (Lie, 1988). Although I published a series of articles (e.g. Lie, 1992, 1993, 1997), my project did not generate much discussion or debate. One might have thought that it died stillborn from the press. Hence, it is gratifying to know that some scholars have found my work to be of some interest.

사료의 아미노산 조성에 따른 돼지의 단백질 축적을 나타내는 수치모델

이옥희(Ok-Hie Lie),김강성(Kang-Sung Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1999 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 돼지에서 사료의 아미노산 조성에 따른 단백질 이용에 미치는 영향을 나타내는 모델을 개발하고자 하였다. 그에 따라 Waterlow의 two-compartmental model을 변형하여 non-steady-state를 나타내며 15개 flux식과 11개 미분방정식으로 구성된 비선형구조의 수치모델을 개발하였다. 본 연구의 모델에서는 체내 흡수된 아미노산은 단백질 합성, 분해, 및 아미노산의 산화라는 세과정에 의해 대사된다고 가정하였다. 또한 본 모델에서는 성장기의 단백질축적은 내적 인자로써 유전적 잠재력을 나타내며 포화곡선 형태을 갖는 maximal protein synthesis capacity와 외적 인자로써 식이단백질의 아미노산 양과 그 조성에 의해 결정된다고 가정하였다. Simulation 대상으로 Menke의 실험적 모델, PAF을 사용하여, 18종류의 다양한 아미노산 조성의 사료로 돼지를 120일간 사육시 하루에 축적되는 단백질량을 계산하여 투입하였다. Simulation의 결과 수치 모델이 나타내어야 할 대상기능과 상대적 차이는 11.8%를 보여 본 연구 모델의 타당성이 확인되었다. 그리고 단백질 회전의 두요소는 성장 전체 기간을 통해 병행하면서 증가하여, 돼지와 같이 체중이 큰 orgamsm의 총 체단백질 대사는 근육단백질 대사에 의해 결정됨을 확인해 주었다. 그리고 본 연구는 동위원소를 부착한 아미노산을 이용한 실험없이도 단백질 축적량에 대한 자료만 있으면, 모델을 사용하여 성장기라는 장기간 동안의 단백질 회전률과 체단백질량의 동적 행위를 나타낼 수 있음을 보여준다. 이와 같이 모델링과 computer simulation은 단백질 이용계와 같이 복합적이고 비선형적 상호작용으로 구성된 대사 시스템의 연구에 큰 가치가 있다. 그리고 모델의 상대적 차를 더욱 감소하기 위해서는 simulation대상으로 실험에서 측정한 단백질 축적량을 사용하는 것이 필요하다. This study was conducted to develop a simulation model for the growth dynamics of pigs and to describe quantitatively protein deposition depending on the amino acid composition of feed protein. In the model it is assumed that the essential processes that determine the utilization of feed protein in the whole body are protein synthesis, breakdown of protein, and oxidation of amino acid. Besides, it is also assumed that occurrence of protein deposition depends on genetic potential and amino acid composition of feed protein. The genetic potential for the protein deposition is the maximum capacity of protein synthesis, being dependent on the protein mass of the whole body. To describe the effect of amino acid composition of feed on the protein deposition, a factor, which consist of ten amino acid functions and lie between 0 and 1, is introduced. Accordingly a model was developed, which is described with 15 flux equations and 11 differential equations and is composed of two compartments. The model describes non-linear structure of the protein utilization system of an organism, which is in non-steady-state. The objective function for the simulation was protein deposition(g/day) calculated according to the empirical model, PAF(product of amino acid functions) of Menke. The mean of relative difference between the simulated protein deposition and PAF calculated values, lied in a range of 11.8%. The simulated protein synthesis and breakdown rates(g/day) in the whole body showed a parallel behavior in the course of growth.

중국거주 조선족 여성의 영적 안녕정도가 정신건강에 미치는 영향

정성덕,이종범,김진성,서완석,배대석,박순재,주열,염형욱,김승원,김구묘,안영록,황대홍,표미자,조창열,정태길 영남대학교 의과대학 2004 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.21 No.2

자아초월 정신의학이 체계화되면서 영성(spirituality)은 인성의 한 부분이라는 이론이 대두되었는데 이 영성은 정신건강에 큰 영향을 미친다고 했다. 인간의 성향 중 영적 안녕 정도를 파악하여 그 정도가 정신건강 중 허위성 경향, 정신병적 경향 및 불안과 우울 경향 등에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 조사하고저 본 연구를 실시하였다. 대상은 중국의 연변 조선족 자치구에 거주하는 여성 400명을 대상으로 하여 한국판 영적 안녕척도를 사용하여 영적 안녕정도를 파악하였다. 영적 안녕척도의 총점과 이 척도의 2개 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕 척도 양자로 평가한 성적이 불안-우울통합척도와 정신분열증 척도 및 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위하여 상관관계분석 및 회기분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 영적 안녕척도로 평가한 조선족 여성의 총점은 68.29로 한국의 기독교 여성이 평가한 100.65보다 훨씬 낮은 점수였다. 2) 불안·우울통합척도로 평가한 총점은 44.88로 연변노인이 평가한 점수와 일개지역의 한국농촌주민이 평가한 점수와 비슷한 결과였다. 3) 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적은 평균 74.57로 70점 이상이 86%(344명)이었으나 영적 안녕 성적과 허위성 성적 간에는 유의한 상관이 없었다. 4) 영적 안녕총점은 정신분열증 척도로 평가한 정신병적 경향에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나 종교적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 높여준데 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 낮게 해주었다. 5) 영적 안녕척도의 총점 및 두 하위척도인종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕은 불안과 우울에유의한 상관을 보였는데 영적 안녕총점이 높을수록 불안·우울 총점이 다소 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 6) 종교적 안녕 하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 종교적 안녕점수가 높을수록 불안과 우울을 각각 다소 유의하게 높여주었으며 이에 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 실존적 안녕정도가 높을수록 불안 및 우울점수는 유의하게 낮아졌다. 이와 같은 성적을 미루어볼 때 연변에 거주하는 조선족 여성이 평가한 영적 안녕정도는 정신병적 경향과 불안 및 우울에 유의한 상관을 보였으면 이 척도의 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 실존적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 긍정적 영향을 미친 결과로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 공산주의 사회에서 실존적 안녕은 긍정적인 가치관으로 평가되는 반면 종교적 안녕은 정신건강에 부정적으로 작용한 것을 입증해 주었다고 하겠다. Background: Spirituality has been an important part of Transpersonal Psychology and is believed to have a large effect on the mental health because it has been systematized. The aim of this study was to determine the level of spiritual disposition on human beings along with its effects on one's mental health. Materials and Methods: The study targeted 400 women residing in Youn-Gil city of JiLin Prov., which is a district of the Cho-Sun tribe in China. Their spiritual well-being was studied using the Spiritual Well-being Scale-Korean Version. The spiritual well-being scale consists of 2 sub-scales of religious well-being and existential well-being. The study was evaluated using a lie scale, psychotic trend, and a combined anxiety-depression scale. The results were considered to be factors of one's mental health. The correlation between the spiritual well-being and each tendency was analyzed by regression analysis. Results: The total score of the Cho-Sun tribal women according to the spiritual well-being scale was 68.29 which was much less than the 100.65 of Korean Christian women. There was no significant correlation between the spiritual well-being and the Lie trend. However, it was found that 86%(344) of Cho-Sun tribal women scored above 70 in the Lie trend with a mean score of 74.57 which is higher than normal populations. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and psychotic trend, the psychotic trend became significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. On the other hand, the psychotic trend became significantly lower when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and anxiety, the anxiety was significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the anxiety level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and depression, the depression level was somewhat significantly high when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the depression level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Conclusion: This study evaluated the effects of spiritual well-being on a person's mental health among Cho-Sun tribal women in Youn-Gil city of JiLIn Prov., P.R. of China. The results found that the religious well-being, which is a sub-scale of spiritual well-being, had negative effects while the existential well-being had positive effects on the mental health. These results proved that a person's religious disposition had negative effects on their mental health in a communitarian society.

Literarische Onomastik am Beispiel der Figurativen Perspektivierung und Schichtenspezifischen Klassifizierung in Heinrich Manns Roman 『Der Untertan』

이재호 ( Lie Zae-ho ) 숭실대학교 인문과학연구소 2023 인문학연구 Vol.52 No.-

잉게보르크 바하만도 이미 지적했듯이, 문학적 명칭학 literarische Onomastik은 지금까지 학계에서 큰 주목을 받지 못했다. 그런데 문학적 명칭학을 자신의 문학작품에서 잘 활용하는 작가가 하인리히 만(1871-1950)이다. 특히 그의 장편소설 『충복 Der Untertan』(1918)은 문학적 명칭학을 가장 잘 드러내 주는 문학 작품들 중 하나로 평가받고 있다. 본 연구자는 2014년에 등장인물들의 이름과 관련된 ‘착시 효과화 Illusionierung’의 시각에서 그리고 2015년에는 문학적 명칭학의 또 다른 시각인 ‘암시적 이름들 redende Namen’의 관점에서 이 작품을 고찰했었다. 이번 연구에서는 등장인물들의 이름을 ‘비유적 관점화 figurative Perspektivierung’와 ‘계층적 분류화 schichtenspezifische Klassifizierung’의 관점에서 분석해봄으로써, 이 작품에 나타나고 있는 문학적 명칭학의 의미를 살펴보고자 하였다. 하인리히 만의 문학작품에는 전반적으로 사회를 비판적으로 바라보는 기조가 깊이 깔려 있다. 그런데 그의 어떤 작품들보다도 소설 『충복』은 ‘위대한 풍자가 großartiger Satiriker’로서의 하인리히 만의 면모를 가장 잘 드러내 준다. 빌헬름 황제 시대의 관료주의와 국민들을 신민(臣民)으로 강요하는 국가정책을 풍자하고 있고, 야비한 권력 지향적 인물인 주인공 디데리히 헤슬링 Diederich Heßling을 비롯한 여러 부정적, 기회주의적 인간 유형을 이름을 통하여 일차적으로 설정하고 있다. 비유적 관점화와 계층적 분류화는 이런 유형의 인물들에 대한 하인리히 만의 풍자적 태도를 구조적으로 파악하게 한다. Literary onomastics by Heinrich Mann has so far received little attention. If one compares the research literature on the brothers Thomas and Heinrich Mann, the latter seems to have been quickly neglected. For this reason, this paper deals with the narrative performances of the name in the representation and communication of the narrated world in the novel The Loyal Subject. This paper is divided into two chapters. The focus of this paper lies on two concepts, namely figurative perspective representation and class-related classification of character names, whose function includes not only the introduction of characters, but also identity deception and confusion up to the refusal of names, for example in order to create tension. It can be observed that the character names have a perspective effect, especially when the naming is motivated socially, ideologically and psychologically. If we look at the names of characters in the novel, we can see the ironic and satirical distanced position of the narrator, so that the ideology of nationalism and anti-Semitism is sharply criticized. Once again, the foresight of the author Heinrich Mann regarding historical future events is evident. At the same time, it becomes clear that the classification of noble figure names and the associated positions of power are illuminated and attacked by the figure names. The analysis of the noble character names made it clear that they are high social figures in positions of power to whom the central character of the novel, Diederich Heßling, in particular, submits, and as a result he is portrayed negatively. This already indicates the satirical function of the names. Through the figurative perspective representation and class-related classification of the character names that appear in the novel The Loyal Subject by Heinrich Mann, it becomes clear how the author harshly criticizes both anti-Semitism and excessive nationalism with his naming.

미국 엑슨-플로리오법의 특징 및 시사점 - 통신서비스 분야 적용사례를 중심으로 : 미국 엑슨-플로리오법의 특징 및 시사점

이한영(Lie Han-Young),강하연(Kang Ha-Yun),여혁종(Yeo Hyuk-Jong) 한국경제연구원 2006 규제연구 Vol.15 No.2

본고는 시장방임주의를 표방하는 미국이 무역제한적인 속성을 강하게 내재한 엑슨-플로리오법을 유지하는 배경을 살펴보고자, 동법을 기초로 외국인투자에 대해 적용되는 미국 공익성심사의 절차, 기준, 시한 및 적용사례 등을 분석한다. 특히 동법이 개별산업 분야에 적용되는 법적 메커니즘과 공익성심사의 구체적 내용을 파악하고자, 통신사업자간 인수합병에 대한 엑슨-플로리오법 및 통신법 제310조의 병렬적 적용사례를 다룬다. 간략한 분석결과 및 시사점은 다음과 같다. (ⅰ) 국내산업 보호 관점에서 공익성심사의 실질적인 활용가치는 외국인투자의 지연에 국한되며, 통신망 보안협정과 같은 승인조건은 그 강도 여하에 따라 국익에 유리 또는 불리할 수 있다. (ⅱ) 정성적 규제인 공익성심사가 정량적 규제완화의 대체수단으로 활용 가능하지만 공익 개념의 불확정성, 공익성심사의 절차적 불투명성 및 외국인 차별성 등이 통상 관점에서 문제될 수 있으므로 유의해야 한다. (ⅲ) 이 가운데 공익 개념의 확정성 제고는 한편으로 규제의 유연성을 일정 부분 상응하는 대가로 지불해야 하나, 다른 한편으로는 제도운영의 투명성이나 외국인투자에는 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있다. This study analyzes the pubic interest test under the “Exon-Florio Amendment”, with the objective of evaluating the mechanisms of governing foreign capital. It is argued that the public interest test under this law has trade-restrictive attributes, a s it is applied only against foreign investors. An in-depth case study of foreign M&A in thetelecommunications sector was conducted as public interest tests under both Section 310 of the Telecommunications Act and the Exon-Florio Amendment are applied. This study makes the following conclusions. (ⅰ) The real effect of the public interest test lies in delaying the domestic market entry of foreign capital; requiring Network Security Agreements (NSA) only on foreigners may have both positive or negative effect on the national interest. (ⅱ) As qualitative regulation, the public interest test may be used in place of quantitative regulations no longer permissible under WTO rules; however its implementation must be carefully considered since the concept of public interest and its review process may be viewed as barriers to trade. (ⅲ) Thus, the concept of public interest, if clarified or stipulated explicitly into law, may compromise regulatory flexibility but can provide for greater institutional transparency and market incentive for foreign capital.