The Nonlinear Equivalent Input Disturbance Coordinated Control for Enhancing the Stability of Hydraulic Generator System

Lan‑Mei Cong,Xiao‑Cong Li 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.2

Hydraulic generator plays more important roles as a renewable clean energy in improving stability. As hydraulic generator enjoys strong nonlinear properties, traditional linearized control method may holds worse adaptability for vary disturbances. In order to solve the problem, a Nonlinear Equivalent Input Disturbance Coordinated Control (NEIDCC) method is proposed in this paper. The objective functions related to system control performance are frstly determined. Then the multi-objective equations satisfying the Brunovsky normal form are derived, by which the nonlinear control problem is transformed to linear space to be solved. The nonlinear equivalent control law is obtained from the linear law by calculating the Γ derivative of the objective functions. When the system is subjected to diferent disturbances, the designed NEIDCC control law supports dynamic damping by observing the disturbance to stabilize the oscillations. As a result, the control system holds good performance. The simulation results of the designed hydraulic turbine generator control system demonstrate the efectiveness of the NEIDCC method.

Genome-wide identification and evolution of TC1/Mariner in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) genome

Li‑Qin Xie,Ping‑Lan Wang,Shen‑Hua Jiang,Ze Zhang,Hua‑Hao Zhang 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.5

TC1/Mariner transposons belong to class II transposable elements (TEs) that use DNA-mediated “cut and paste” mechanism to transpose, and they have been identified in almost all organisms. Although silkworm (Bombyx mori) has a large amount of TC1/Mariner elements, the genome wide information of this superfamily in the silkworm is unknown. In this study, we have identified 2670 TC1/Mariner (Bmmar) elements in the silkworm genome. All the TEs were classified into 22 families by means of fgclust, a tool of repetitive sequence classification, seven of which was first reported in this study. Phylogenetic and structure analyses based on the catalytic domain (DDxD/E) of transposase sequences indicated that all members of TC1/Mariner were grouped into five subgroups: Mariner, Tc1, maT, DD40D and DD41D/E. Of these five subgroups, maT rather than Mariner possessed most members of TC1/Mariner (51.23%) in the silkworm genome. In particular, phylogenetic analysis and structure analysis revealed that Bmmar15 (DD40D) formed a new basal subgroup of TC1/Mariner element in insects, which was referred to as bmori. Furthermore, we concluded that DD40D appeared to intermediate between mariner and Tc1. Finally, we estimated the insertion time for each copy of TC1/Mariner in the silkworm and found that most of members were dramatically amplified during a period from 0 to 1 mya. Moreover, the detailed functional data analysis showed that Bmmar1, Bmmar6 and Bmmar9 had EST evidence and intact transposases. These implied that TC1/Mariner might have potential transpositional activity. In conclusion, this study provides some new insights into the landscape, origin and evolution of TC1/Mariner in the insect genomes.

Sustained electron tunneling at unbiased metal-insulator-semiconductor triboelectric contacts

Liu, Jun,Miao, Mengmeng,Jiang, Keren,Khan, Faheem,Goswami, Ankur,McGee, Ryan,Li, Zhi,Nguyen, Lan,Hu, Zhiyu,Lee, Jungchul,Cadien, Ken,Thundat, Thomas Elsevier 2018 Nano energy Vol.48 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Generating sufficient current density for powering electronic devices remains as one of the critical challenges of mechanical energy harvesting techniques based on piezo and triboelectricity, mainly due to the high impedance of the insulating material systems. Here we report on producing sustainable tunneling current using an unbiased, triboelectrically charged metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) point contact system, consisting of p-type silicon, silicon oxide and a metal tip. The native thin oxide (~ 1.6 nm) on the silicon surface provides a natural pathway for quantum mechanical tunneling of the triboelectrically generated electrons into the silicon substrate. Lateral back and forth sliding motion of the tip, irrespective of the direction of motion, generates a constant direct current (d.c.) with very high current density. The measured current shows an exponential decay with the thickness of oxide layer deposited with atomic layer deposition (ALD), confirming the quantum mechanical tunneling mechanism. It is proposed that the contact potential difference enhanced by triboelectric charging provides potential difference between metal point contact and the substrate. With single metallic micro probe sliding on a moderately doped p-type silicon, an open circuit voltage (<I>V</I> <SUB>oc</SUB>) of 300–400 mV and a short-circuit direct current (<I>I</I> <SUB>sc</SUB>) of 3–5 μA (a corresponding high current density, <I>J</I>, in the order of 1–10 A/m<SUP>2</SUP>) have been observed. It is predicted from conductive-atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) experiment that the theoretical <I>J</I> can be as high as 10<SUP>4</SUP> A/m<SUP>2</SUP>. This new concept has the potential as a green energy harvesting technique where a broad range of material candidates and device configurations could be used.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Quantum mechanical tunneling at triboelectrically charged interface through ultrathin oxide layer is demonstrated. </LI> <LI> Tribo-tunneling is found to be a universal phenomenon in MIS frictional contact system. </LI> <LI> High current density <I>J</I> of 5 A/m<SUP>2</SUP> is experimentally measured in doped silicon materials at macroscale. </LI> <LI> Ultrahigh C-AFM <I>J</I> of 10<SUP>4</SUP> A/m<SUP>2</SUP> is observed due to the nano-size probe-induced high electric field. </LI> <LI> This method can be used as cost-effective triboelectric DC current generator, due to easily available silicon wafers with native oxide. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Controllable synthesis of zone-distributed Pd over CeO2–ZrO2/Al2O3 as advanced three-way catalyst

Li Lan,Shanhu Chen,Hongmei Li,Hanmei Li,Wanxia Wu,Jie Deng,Yaoqiang Chen 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.58 No.-

Two optimally designed catalysts (Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Pd/Al2O3, Pd/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Pd/Al2O3) were synthesized and compared with conventional Pd/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Al2O3. The characterization results reveal that for Pd/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Al2O3, Pd species undergo severe agglomeration and encapsulation during thermal aging process, leading to dramatic catalyst deactivation. While for the two optimized catalysts, some Pd species initially distributed on Al2O3 would migrate to the surface of CexZr1−xO2(CZ) grains upon aging treatment, resulting in enhanced Pd–CZ interaction, thus the two aged samples possess higher dispersion, larger amount of oxidized Pd2+ species and more oxygen vacancies compared with conventional Pd/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Al2O3-a. Consequently, modified reducibility and improved three-way catalytic performance are obtained, especially for Pd/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Pd/Al2O3-a.

Ebb-and-Flow of Macroautophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Raji Cells Induced by Starvation and Arsenic Trioxide

Li, Cai-Li,Wei, Hu-Lai,Chen, Jing,Wang, Bei,Xie, Bei,Fan, Lin-Lan,Li, Lin-Jing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14

Autophagy is crucial in the maintenance of homeostasis and regenerated energy of mammalian cells. Macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy(CMA) are the two best-identified pathways. Recent research has found that in normal cells, decline of macroautophagy is appropriately parallel with activation of CMA. However, whether it is also true in cancer cells has been poorly studied. Here we focused on cross-talk and conversion between macroautophagy and CMA in cultured Burkitt lymphoma Raji cells when facing serum deprivation and exposure to a toxic compound, arsenic trioxide. The results showed that both macroautophagy and CMA were activated sequentially instead of simultaneously in starvation-induced Raji cells, and macroautophagy was quickly activated and peaked during the first hours of nutrition deprivation, and then gradually decreased to near baseline. With nutrient deprivation persisted, CMA progressively increased along with the decline of macroautophagy. On the other hand, in arsenic trioxide-treated Raji cells, macroautophagy activity was also significantly increased, but CMA activity was not rapidly enhanced until macroautophagy was inhibited by 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor. Together, we conclude that cancer cells exhibit differential responses to diverse stressor-induced damage by autophagy. The sequential switch of the first-aider macroautophagy to the homeostasis-stabilizer CMA, whether active or passive, might be conducive to the adaption of cancer cells to miscellaneous intracellular or extracellular stressors. These findings must be helpful to understand the characteristics, compensatory mechanisms and answer modes of different autophagic pathways in cancer cells, which might be very important and promising to the development of potential targeting interventions for cancer therapies via regulation of autophagic pathways.

cAMP induction by ouabain promotes endothelin-1 secretion via MAPK/ERK signaling in beating rabbit atria

Li-qun Peng,Ping Li,Qiu-li Zhang,Lan Hong,Li-ping Liu,Xun Cui,Bai-ri Cui 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.1

Adenosine 3 ,5 -cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) participates in the regulation of numerous cellular functions, including the Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase (sodium pump). Ouabain, used in the treatment of several heart diseases, is known to increase cAMP levels but its effects on the atrium are not understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ouabain on the regulation of atrial cAMP production and its roles in atrial endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion in isolated perfused beating rabbit atria. Our results showed that ouabain (3.0 μmol/L) significantly increased atrial dynamics and cAMP levels during recovery period. The ouabainincreased atrial dynamics was blocked by KB-R7943 (3.0 μmol/L), an inhibitor for reverse mode of Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchangers (NCX), but did not by L-type Ca²⁺ channel blocker nifedipine (1.0 μmol/L) or protein kinase A (PKA) selective inhibitor H-89 (3.0 μmol/L). Ouabain also enhanced atrial intracellular cAMP production in response to forskolin and theophyline (100.0 μmol/L), an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, potentiated the ouabain-induced increase in cAMP. Ouabain and 8-Bromo-cAMP (0.5 μmol/L) markedly increased atrial ET-1 secretion, which was blocked by H-89 and by PD98059 (30 μmol/L), an inhibitor of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) without changing ouabain-induced atrial dynamics. Our results demonstrated that ouabain increases atrial cAMP levels and promotes atrial ET-1 secretion via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK signaling pathway. These findings may explain the development of cardiac hypertrophy in response to digitalis-like compounds.

Two type III polyketide synthases from Polygonum cuspidatum: gene structure, evolutionary route and metabolites

Lan-Qing Ma,Yan-Wu Guo,Hui-Li Guo,Xing Li,Li-Li Huang,Bo-Ning Zhang,Xiao-Bin Pang,Ben-Ye Liu,Hong Wang 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.3

In our recent work (Ma et al., in Planta229(3):457–469, 2009a and 229(4):1077–1086, 2009b),two three-intron type III PKS genes, PcPKS1 and PcPKS2,were isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. Phylogenetic and functional analyses revealed PcPKS1 is athree-intron chalcone synthase (CHS) gene, and PcPKS2 isfound to be a three-intron benzalacetone synthase (BAS)gene. The regular CHS encoded by a single intron genehave not been isolated and characterized from P. cuspidatum. In this work a further CHS with one intron (PcPKS3)and a stilbene synthase (STS) gene with three-intron(PcPKS5) were isolated and characterized by functionaland phylogenetic analyses. In comparison with PcPKS1, abifunctional enzyme with both CHS and BAS activity, theenzymatic product of recombinant PcPKS3 was naringenin,bis-noryangonin (BNY) and 4-coumaroyltriacetic acidlactone (CTAL) occurred as side products. The PcPKS5synthesized resveratrol and a trace amount of naringeninfrom p-coumaroyl-CoA. To our knowledge, PcPKS5 is thefirst reported three-intron STS gene in flowering plants. Inthis work, we speculated that this involved a possibleevolutionary route of plant-specific type III PKS superfamilyin P. cuspidatum.

Enhanced activity and hydrothermal stability of Rh-based three-way catalyst for emission control from motorcycles with the assistance of monoethanolamine

Li Lan,Jinfeng Wang,Shanhu Chen,Dacheng Li,Hongmei Li,Dayu Liu,Wei Wang,Yaoqiang Chen 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.71 No.-

In this work, an advanced Rh/CeO2–ZrO2 (Rh/CZ) three-way catalyst was synthesized with the assistanceof monoethanolamine. Compared with conventional Rh/CZ, the dispersion and oxidation state of Rhspecies, as well as the hydrothermal aging resistance are remarkably modified. That is, upon agingtreatment, conventional Rh/CZ undergoes severe agglomeration of Rh species and formation of largeamount of reduction-resistive RhO2, resulting in serious catalyst deactivation. Fortunately, after theintroduction of monoethanolamine, the sintering of Rh species and transformation into inactive RhO2upon aging are effectively suppressed. Consequently, improved reducibility and advanced three-waycatalytic activity are achieved for the modified catalyst.

cAMP induction by ouabain promotes endothelin-1 secretion via MAPK/ERK signaling in beating rabbit atria

Peng, Li-qun,Li, Ping,Zhang, Qiu-li,Hong, Lan,Liu, Li-ping,Cui, Xun,Cui, Bai-ri The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.1

Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) participates in the regulation of numerous cellular functions, including the $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase (sodium pump). Ouabain, used in the treatment of several heart diseases, is known to increase cAMP levels but its effects on the atrium are not understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ouabain on the regulation of atrial cAMP production and its roles in atrial endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion in isolated perfused beating rabbit atria. Our results showed that ouabain ($3.0{\mu}mol/L$) significantly increased atrial dynamics and cAMP levels during recovery period. The ouabain-increased atrial dynamics was blocked by KB-R7943 ($3.0{\mu}mol/L$), an inhibitor for reverse mode of $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchangers (NCX), but did not by L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker nifedipine ($1.0{\mu}mol/L$) or protein kinase A (PKA) selective inhibitor H-89 ($3.0{\mu}mol/L$). Ouabain also enhanced atrial intracellular cAMP production in response to forskolin and theophyline ($100.0{\mu}mol/L$), an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, potentiated the ouabain-induced increase in cAMP. Ouabain and 8-Bromo-cAMP ($0.5{\mu}mol/L$) markedly increased atrial ET-1 secretion, which was blocked by H-89 and by PD98059 ($30{\mu}mol/L$), an inhibitor of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) without changing ouabain-induced atrial dynamics. Our results demonstrated that ouabain increases atrial cAMP levels and promotes atrial ET-1 secretion via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK signaling pathway. These findings may explain the development of cardiac hypertrophy in response to digitalis-like compounds.

Additive Role of the Vestibular End Organ and Baroreceptors on the Regulation of Blood Pressure in Rats

Lan, Yan,Yang, Yan-Zhao,Jiang, Xian,Li, Li-Wei,Jin, Guang-Shi,Kim, Min Sun,Park, Byung Rim,Jin, Yuan-Zhe The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2013 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.17 No.4

Contribution of the vestibular end organ to regulation of arterial pressure was quantitatively compared with the role of baroreceptors in terms of baroreflex sensitivity and c-Fos protein expression in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Baroreflex sensitivity and c-Fos protein expression in the RVLM were measured in conscious rats that had undergone bilateral labyrinthectomy (BL) and/or baroreceptor unloading. BL attenuated baroreflex sensitivity during intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), but did not significantly affect the sensitivity following infusion of phenylephrine (PE). Baroreflex sensitivity became positive following sinoaortic denervation (SAD) during infusion of PE and attenuated sensitivity during infusion of SNP. Baroreflex sensitivity also became positive following double ablation (BL+SAD) during infusion of PE, and attenuated sensitivity during infusion of SNP. c-Fos protein expression increased significantly in the RVLM in the sham group after SNP administration. However, the BL, SAD, and SAD+BL groups showed significant decreases in c-Fos protein expression compared with that in the sham group. The SAD group showed more reduced c-Fos protein expression than that in the BL group, and the SAD+BL group showed less expression than that in the SAD group. These results suggest that the vestibular system cooperates with baroreceptors to maintain arterial pressure during hypotension but that baroreceptors regulate arterial pressure during both hypotension and hypertension. Additionally, afferent signals for maintaining blood pressure from the vestibular end organs and the baroreceptors may be integrated in the RVLM.