Microbial Ecology and Diversity : Impact of Diet in Shaping Gut Microbiota Revealed by a Comparative Study in Infants During the First Six Months of Life

( Wen Guang Fan ),( Gui Cheng Huo ),( Xiao Min Li ),( Li Jie Yang ),( Cui Cui Duan ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.2

The development of the gut is controlled and modulated by different interacting mechanisms, such as genetic endowment, intrinsic biological regulatory functions, environment influences and last but no least, the diet influence. In this work, we compared the fecal microbiota of breast-fed (BF), formula-fed (FF), and mixed-fed (MF) infants from Hebei Province, China. By using high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing analyses, we found some differences in gut microbiota in the three groups. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria at the phylum level in the three groups, where FF infants showed a significant depletion in Bacteroidetes (p < 0.001) and Actinobacteria (p < 0.05). Enterobacteriaceae was the dominant bacteria at the family level in the three groups, but FF infants showed higher Enterobacteriaceae enrichment than BF and MF infants (p < 0.05); the abundance of the Bifidobacteriaceae was only 8.16% in the feces of BF infants, but higher than in MF and FF infants (p < 0.05). The number of genera detected (abundance >0.01%) in BF, MF, and FF infants was only 15, 16, and 13, respectively. This study could provide more accurate and scientific data for the future study of infant intestinal flora.

Liposomal honokiol, a potent anti-angiogenesis agent, in combination with radiotherapy produces a synergistic antitumor efficacy without increasing toxicity

Jia Hu,Li Liu,Xiang Chen,Ping Chen,Guang-li Yang,Wen-li Hou,Ming-hai Tang,Fan Zhang,Xian-huo Wang,Xia Zhao,Yu-quan Wei,Li-juan Chen 생화학분자생물학회 2008 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.40 No.6

Honokiol is an active compound purified from magnolia that has been shown to induce cell differentiation, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenesis effects, as well as an enhancement in tumor growth delay in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in several mouse xenograft models. Our goal was to investigate the radiosensitization effect of honokiol on lung carcinoma. The radiosensitization effect of liposomal honokiol in Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LL/2) was analyzed using an in vitro clonogenic survival assay. For an in vivo study, Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice were treated with either liposomal honokiol at 25 mg/kg or 5 Gy of single tumor radiation, or a combination of both over 12 days of treatment. The tumor growth delay and the survival time were evaluated. In addition, histological analysis of tumor sections was performed to examine changes by detecting the microvessel density and apoptosis in tumor tissues. In the clonogenic survival assay, LL/2 cells treated with IC50 Lipo-HNK for 24 h showed a radiation enhancement ratio of 1.9. After 12 days of combination treatment, the tumor volume decreased 78% and produced an anti-tumor activity 1.3-fold greater than a predicted additive effect of honokiol and radiation alone. This combination treatment also caused an 8.7 day delay in tumor growth. The cell cycle distribution and histological analysis demonstrated that liposomal honokiol has an anti-tumor effect via inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Liposomal honokiol can enhance tumor cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo, indicating that radiotherapy combined with liposomal honokiol can lead to greater anti-tumor efficacy. Honokiol is an active compound purified from magnolia that has been shown to induce cell differentiation, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenesis effects, as well as an enhancement in tumor growth delay in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in several mouse xenograft models. Our goal was to investigate the radiosensitization effect of honokiol on lung carcinoma. The radiosensitization effect of liposomal honokiol in Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LL/2) was analyzed using an in vitro clonogenic survival assay. For an in vivo study, Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice were treated with either liposomal honokiol at 25 mg/kg or 5 Gy of single tumor radiation, or a combination of both over 12 days of treatment. The tumor growth delay and the survival time were evaluated. In addition, histological analysis of tumor sections was performed to examine changes by detecting the microvessel density and apoptosis in tumor tissues. In the clonogenic survival assay, LL/2 cells treated with IC50 Lipo-HNK for 24 h showed a radiation enhancement ratio of 1.9. After 12 days of combination treatment, the tumor volume decreased 78% and produced an anti-tumor activity 1.3-fold greater than a predicted additive effect of honokiol and radiation alone. This combination treatment also caused an 8.7 day delay in tumor growth. The cell cycle distribution and histological analysis demonstrated that liposomal honokiol has an anti-tumor effect via inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Liposomal honokiol can enhance tumor cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo, indicating that radiotherapy combined with liposomal honokiol can lead to greater anti-tumor efficacy.

Short hairpin RNA targeting of fibroblast activation protein inhibits tumor growth and improves the tumor microenvironment in a mouse model

Fan Cai,Zhi Yong Li,Chun Ting Wang,Shuang Xian,Guang Chao Xu,Feng Peng,Yu Quan Wei,You Lu 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2013 BMB Reports Vol.46 No.5

Resveratrol Inhibits Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma Cell Proliferation via AMP-activated Protein Kinase Signaling

Fan, Guang-Hua,Wang, Zhong-Ming,Yang, Xi,Xu, Li-Ping,Qin, Qin,Zhang, Chi,Ma, Jian-Xin,Cheng, Hong-Yan,Sun, Xin-Chen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Resveratrol has been examined in several model systems for potential effects against cancer. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is reported to suppress proliferation in most eukaryocyte cells. Whether resveratrol via AMPK inhibits proliferation of oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells (OAC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of AMPK in the protective effects of resveratrol in OAC proliferation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Treatment of cultured OAC derived from human subjects or cell lines with resveratrol resulted in decreased cell proliferation. Further, inhibition of AMPK by pharmacological reagent or genetical approach abolished resveratrol-suppressed OAC proliferation, reduced the level of $p27^{Kip1}$, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and increased the levels of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) of $p27^{Kip1}$-E3 ubiquitin ligase and 26S proteasome activity reduced by resveratrol. Furthermore, gene silencing of $p27^{Kip1}$ reversed resveratrol-suppressed OAC proliferation. In conclusion, these findings indicate that resveratrol inhibits Skp2-mediated ubiquitylation and 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of $p27^{Kip1}$ via AMPK activation to suppress OAC proliferation.

Icefex: Protocol Format Extraction from IL-based Concolic Execution

( Fan Pan ),( Li-fa Wu ),( Zheng Hong ),( Hua-bo Li ),( Hai-guang Lai ),( Chen-hui Zheng ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.3

Protocol reverse engineering is useful for many security applications, including intelligent fuzzing, intrusion detection and fingerprint generation. Since manual reverse engineering is a time-consuming and tedious process, a number of automatic techniques have been proposed. However, the accuracy of these techniques is limited due to the complexity of binary instructions, and the derived formats have missed constraints that are critical for security applications. In this paper, we propose a new approach for protocol format extraction. Our approach reasons about only the evaluation behavior of a program on the input message from concolic execution, and enables field identification and constraint inference with high accuracy. Moreover, it performs binary analysis with low complexity by reducing modern instruction sets to BIL, a small, well-specified and architecture-independent language. We have implemented our approach into a system called Icefex and evaluated it over real-world implementations of DNS, eDonkey, FTP, HTTP and McAfee ePO protocols. Experimental results show that our approach is more accurate and effective at extracting protocol formats than other approaches.

Impact of IL-2 and IL-2R SNPs on Proliferation and Tumor-killing Activity of Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells from Healthy Chinese Blood Donors

Li, Yan,Meng, Fan-Dong,Tian, Xin,Sui, Cheng-Guang,Liu, Yun-Peng,Jiang, You-Hong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

One of the goals of tumor immunotherapy is to generate immune cells with potent anti-tumor activity through in vitro techniques using peripheral blood collected from patients. However, cancer patients generally have poor immunological function. Thus using patient T cells, which have reduced in vitro proliferative capabilities and less tumor cell killing activity to generate lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, fails to achieve optimal clinical efficacy. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent activating cytokine for both T cells and natural killer cells. Thus, this study aimed to identify optimal donors for allogeneic LAK cell immunotherapy based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL-2 and IL-2R genes. IL-2 and IL-2R SNPs were analyzed using HRM-PCR. LAK cells were derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by culturing with IL-2. The frequency and tumor-killing activity of LAK cells in each group were analyzed by flow cytometry and tumor cell killing assays, respectively. Regarding polymorphisms at IL-2-330 (rs2069762) T/G, LAK cells from GG donors had significantly greater proliferation, tumor-killing activity, and IFN-${\gamma}$ production than LAK cells from TT donors (P<0.05). Regarding polymorphisms at IL-2R rs2104286 A/G, LAK cell proliferation and tumor cell killing were significantly greater in LAK cells from AA donors than GG donors (P<0.05). These data suggest that either IL-2-330(rs2069762)T/G GG donors or IL-2R rs2104286 A/G AA donors are excellent candidates for allogeneic LAK cell immunotherapy.

Heat-Shock Protein 70 as a Tumor Antigen for in vitro Dendritic Cell Pulsing in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cases

Meng, Fan-Dong,Sui, Cheng-Guang,Tian, Xin,Li, Yan,Yang, Chun-Ming,Ma, Ping,Liu, Yun-Peng,Jiang, You-Hong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

Immunological functions of heat shock proteins (HSPs) have long been recognized. In this study we aimed to efficiently purify HSP70 from renal cell carcinoma and test it as a tumor antigen for pulsing dendritic cells in vitro. HSP70 was purified from renal cell carcinoma specimens by serial column chromatography on Con A-sepharose, PD-10, ADP-agarose and DEAE-cellulose, and finally subjected to fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). Dendritic cells derived from the adherent fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF and exposed to tumor HSP70. After 24 hours, dendritic cells were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry. T cells obtained from the non-adherent fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were then co-cultured with HSP70-pulsed dendritic cells and after 3 days T cell cytotoxicity towards primary cultured renal cell carcinoma cells was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with tumor-derived HSP70 expressed higher levels of CD83, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR maturation markers than those pulsed with tumor cell lysate and comparable to that of dendritic cells pulsed with tumor cell lysate plus TNF-${\alpha}$. Concomitantly, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes induced by HSP70-pulsed dendritic cells presented the highest cytotoxic activity. There were no significant differences when using homologous or autologous HSP70 as the tumor antigen. HSP70 can be efficiently purified by chromatography and induces in vitro dendritic cell maturation in the absence of TNF-${\alpha}$. Conspecific HSP70 may effectively be used as a tumor antigen to pulse dendritic cells in vitro.

성토기초지반의 탄.점소성 거동 특성

정진섭,양극영,Li Guang Fan 한국건축시공학회 2001 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.1 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the effect of time-dependent creep on the deformation. In the analysis, modified Cam-Clay model was adopted to describe the elastic-plastic behavior of clayey soil. In order to consider effect of creep, the secondary coefficient of consolidation $\alpha$ was supplemented to modified Cam-Clay model. To examine the reliability of the program which is developed in this study, the estimated values by this program were compared with the experimental results. The results of the analysis were in good agreement with the observed values in the field.

다짐풍화화강토에 대한 Yasufuku 구성모델의 평가

정진섭,이광찬,Li Guang Fan 한국지반공학회 1999 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.15 No.5

본 연구는 익산다짐풍화 화강토를 사용하여 여러가지 응력경로 시험을 실시하고 관측된 거동을 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 능력으로서 Yasufuku구성모델을 평가하였다. Yasufuku구성모델로 계산된 변형률은 측정치와 대부분 잘 일치하지만 약간의 차이를 나타내기도 하였다. 측정한 변형률과 계산한 변형률 사이에 가장 큰 차이를 보인곳은 증가하는 응력을 갖는 비례하중이 작용할 때 축변형률에 대하여 일어났다. Yasufuku 구성모델은 익산다짐풍화 화강토의 거동을 일정 구속압력하에서 축하중이 작용할 때와 p'-일정하중이 작용할 때 정확하게 추정할 수 있었다. This study evaluated Yasufuku's constitutive model in terms of its capability to accurately consider the observed behavior of Iksan compacted weathered granite soil for various stress-paths. The strains calculated from the model are in reasonable agreement with those measured, but some discrepancies occur. The largest differences between measured and calculated strains occur for axial strain of proportional loading with increasing stress. Yasufuku's constitutive model can consider the observed behavior of Iksan compacted weathered granite soil with accuracy for conventional triaxial compression and for p'-constant loading with increasing stress ratio.

Numerical Study on the Effect of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Nozzle Hole Arrangement on the Mixture Preparation and Combustion Process for DISI Engine with Multi-hole Injector

( Qian Wang Fan ),( Li Guang Li ) 한국액체미립화학회 2010 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.-

The spray development, mixture preparation and combustion characteristics in a four-stroke direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine with a multi-hole injector of symmetrical and asymmetrical nozzle-hole arrangements, including the nozzle hole-hole angles of 54o, 57o and 60o, have been investigated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. Meanwhile, to form homogeneous air-fuel mixture, the simulation was completed at the injection starting of 30CAD ATDC intake stroke. The simulated results show that, when the fuels are injected during the early intake stroke, with the included angle decreasing, it seems to have the worse impact on the mixture preparation and combustion, due probably to the spray-spray interaction and various spray impingements leading to the worse fuel evaporation and atomization. Hence, it could be concluded that the nozzle holes arrangement is a key factor for the multi-hole injector. Besides, to verify the spray model validity the spray experiment with a 57o nozzle included angle, multi-hole injector was carried out in a quiescent optical chamber, using the high-speed shadow photography. The results show that the calculated values are in agreement with the experimental ones, verifying that the spray calculation model is reasonable.