전투력 요소로 본 이순신의 전투준비태세와 초기전투 승리요인

이경식(Lee, Gyeong-sig) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2016 군사 Vol.- No.98

This study focuses on how General Lee achieved continuous victories in the beginning of Japanese invasion. Unlike previous studies that focused on the victory factors on the water, this study focuses on analyses of General Lee’s combat preparation and emphasized combat capability during initial stages of battles, which defeated Japanese forces. The background of General Lee’s substantial war preparation came from the battle of Japanese invasion led by Hong-Yang in the Year of Jeong-Hae (1587). By developing the foundation for discipline and commanding system based on the past experience, Lee focused on creative, yet stuck to the basic war-preparation. One of Lee’s creative works was that he collected information of Japanese combat style to create his battle strategies: to deny enemy"s climbing up the warship, but to be close enough to target enemy ships with turtle ships, and to inspect the war preparations. For the war preparations, Lee inspected ships, various weapons, and defense system on the field. But most importantly, Lee’s victorious background originated from his nationally scaled propulsion for increasing the number of war-ships, development of cannons specially designed for battles against Japanese forces. When the actual Lim-Gin Japanese invasion occurred, Lee was fully prepared to go to the war against Japan by utilizing the effective reporting system, which reached to Right naval HQ located in Jeon-Ra provinces, observatory posts, and central government in a very short time. Lee also prepared for all possible routes of Japanese incomings and settled his navy on sea of Gyeong-Sang waiting for the imminent battle command from the government. In order to execute Command & Control system in the battle at the sea of Gyeong-Sang, Lee required strict command system, and hierarchy with Won-Gyun and Uk-Gi Lee’s fleet, which allowed well-coordinated strategic system. Also, strategy integrated intelligence, maneuver, fires, and force protections against Japanese Force. First, spot the enemy, approach with fleets during earl dawn when security is assured, then charge with turtle ships and full-on assailment of cannons with Pan-Ok ships to defeat Japanese Navy. After such strategy, Lee quickly ran away from the battle scene in order to prepare for the possible ambush attacks and buy some maintenance time for his navy. In summary, Lee achieved the victory via analyzing Japanese Navy’s current status, geography, water current, surround and attack strategy, ambush attacks, and effective maneuvers, which integrated with turtle ships and navy’s fire power. He also inspected his forces, fleets, and other weapons to sustain his combat capabilities. He distributed loots from the battles to his soldiers to alleviate their fear and fatigue. The most important victory factor would be Lee’s victory oriented leadership. His leadership highlighted field focused operations, principles, executions, and keen discernment, which contributed to flexible strategies, all with courage, fairness, people and his navy. In order to win the war, combat capability had to be performed at its best, and Lee’s victories at the initial battles exemplify preparation for the war and successful coordination of combat capability with his leadership in the naval battles.

외과계 집중치료실에서 입원한 환자에서 APACHE II score의 의의

이영재,이영준,박순태,하우송,정민화,권수인,조영현,권진용,최상경,손신 대한외상학회 1997 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.10 No.1

This study attempts to evaluate the prognostic value of the APACHE II scoring system in patients of surgical intensive care unit(SICU) and to examine its usefullness in stratifying these patients according to their surgical risk and as a potential aid in making rational and objective treatment decision. The records of 161 patients admitted to the Department of Surgery, Gyeong-Sang National University Hospital between Jan. 1991 and Dec. l995 were reviewed. 1) Of a total of 161 patients, 87 were male, 74 were female, and male to female ratio was 1.71: 1. 2) This group was seen most commonly in the age group of 55-64 which occupied 30.3% of entire group. 3) The distribution of patients according to the etiology were 74 patients(46%) in trauma, 61 patients(37%) iin postop-complication, 26 patients(9%) in others. 4) The distribution of patients according to the APACHE II scores was 9 to 29 point in adm. Day and the most patients was located between 10 and 14 of 62 patient(39%). 5) The length of hospitalization was 9 days in survived patients and 8 days in non-survived patients. The length of hospitalization of 77% of patients in this study was below 10 days. 6) The death rate was 45.45%(73 patient), this patients according to APACHE II scores was 13 to 29, median 19.2 in adm. Day, the most patients was located 20 to 24(20%). Non of the survived patients had the APACHE II score of above 20 points, but all recovered patients were below 13 points. 7) The median APACHE II score in survived patients was 10.52 point at adm. Day and 6.55 point at 5 days after admission. And non-survived patients was 20.25 point at adm. Day and 30.48 point 5 days after admission(p$lt;0.001). 8) Among the patients with low APACHE II score (below 14 points), there was no mortality. But, there was mortality with APACHE II score of above l5 points. We conclude that APACHE II scoring system is useful in measuring the severity of acute disease and predicting the outcome.

Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Park, Sunhwa,Kim, Ki-In,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Song, Dahee,Kim, Deok-hyun,Kim, Tae-Seung,Yun, Seong-Taek,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as $NO_3-N$, ${HCO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, $NH_4-N$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was $23,973g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for cattle, $51,551g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for pig, and $52,100g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was $5.0mg\;L^{-1}$, $16.6mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $6.9mg\;L^{-1}$, $17.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density and $7.6mg\;L^{-1}$, $22.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was $7.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $9.4mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density, $10.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, $Ca-(Cl+NO_3)$ group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

전북지역 강우 성분과 산성비 강하에 관한 연구

이경보,강종국,이덕배,김종구,이경수 원광대학교 환경과학연구소 1996 環境科學硏究誌 Vol.5 No.1

Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Gyeong-Mi Lee,Sunhwa Park,Ki-In Kim,Sang-Ho Jeon,Dahee Song,Deok-hyun Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Seong-Taek Yun,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as NO₃-N, HCO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, PO₄<SUP>-</SUP>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, NH₄-N, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was 23,973 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for cattle, 51,551 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for pig, and 52,100 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was 5.0 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 16.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 6.9 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 17.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density and 7.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 22.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was 7.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 9.4 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density, 10.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, Ca-(Cl+NO₃) group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

한글 해득 능력이 학급 공동체 네트워크 형성에 미치는 영향

이경화 ( Lee Gyeong-hwa ),최종윤 ( Choi Jong-yoon ) 청람어문교육학회(구 청람어문학회) 2016 청람어문교육 Vol.59 No.-

이 연구는 한글 해득 능력이 학급 공동체 네트워크 형성에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한글 해득 능력 검사 도구, ‘친구’ 관계 네트워크 검사 도구, ‘학습 조언’ 관계 네트워크 검사 도구를 개발하였다. 경기도 소재의 한 초등학교 1학년 3개 학급을 대상으로 기술 통계, 상관 분석의 통계적 방법과 사회 연결망 분석(Social network analysis) 방법을 병행하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한글 해득 능력의 하위 요소로 음독 유창성의 평균값은 191.9개, 음독 정확성의 평균값은 98.92%, 받아쓰기의 평균값은 8.34점으로 측정되었다. 둘째, 각 학급의 학급 공동체 네트워크 분석을 위한 ‘친구’ 관계 네트워크와 ‘학습 조언’ 관계 네트워크분석 결과 관계 밀도는 0.612에서 0.663 사이에 형성되어 비교적 높게 나왔으며, 연결도는 0.11에서 0.18 사이에 형성되어 학습 공동체 구성원들은 11%에서 18% 정도의 연결도를 형성하고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 셋째, 한글 해득 능력과 학급 공동체 네트워크의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 읽기 능력과 쓰기 능력은 내향 연결 중앙성과 통계적으로 유의미한 정적 상관을 성립하였다. 이 연구는 한글 해득 능력과 학급 공동체 네트워크 형성의 관계를 실증적으로 밝힌 점, 언어의 사회적 기능을 강조한 한글 해득 교육의 필요성을 확인한 점, 언어를 통한 공동체 네트워크 형성의 특징을 파악한 점에서 의의가 있다. This study aims to analyze a relationship between students’ Hangeul comprehension abilities and a class com munity network. An analysis was conducted for 3 classes, first grade of an elementary school located at Gyeong-gi Do together with the descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and the Social network analysis. Research findings are as follows. Firstly, as for sub factors of Hangeul comprehension abilities the mean value of the oral reading fluency was 191.9, that of the oral reading accuracy was 98.92%, and that of dictation was 8.34 points. Secondly, analysis results of ‘friendship’ network and learning advice relational network for analyzing a class community network shows a relatively higher a relational density. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the correlation between Hangeul comprehension ability and class community network, reading and writing abilities had a significantly positive correlation with the introversive degree centrality. This study has significance in that it identified empirically the relation between Hangeul com prehension ability and class community network, suggested basic data for set ting a direction of Hangeul com prehension education, examining students`` attributes, connection among class members and characteristics of a class community network.

生體 氣의 波動 刺戟과 受容에 대한 硏究

김경철,이용태 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2000 동의한의연구 Vol.4 No.-

파동의 자극에 따른 수용의 문제를 감각기를 중심으로 살펴본 바, 1. 생체 氣의 파동 경계에 따른 자극과 감각기의 수용은 감각기관과 이에 상응하는 波動의 연계로 관찰된다. 2. 파동에 실린 정보는 나름대로의 구별되는 패턴이 있으며, 여러 형태의 파동들이 서로 정보를 전달하는 것은 共??을 통해서 이루어진다. 3. 波動論에는 파동의 패턴을 타고 발현하는 측면과 패턴 그 자체를 말하는 兩面으로 설명된다. 4. 波動의 合이 살아 움직이는 생체를 만들고 우주를 형성하는 것은 여러 가지 파동 패턴들이 모여 구성 요소들 이상의 상승작용을 함으로써, 새로운 場이 생겨남을 의미한다. 패턴이란 일종의 정보라고 할 수 있으며, 정보는 비물질적인 것으로 물질적 근원자의 배열과 조합이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 모든 존재는 파동인 것이며, 아울러 생체 氣에 대한 파동 중심의 氣一元論의 과학적인 연구 방법론이 마련된다고 생각된다. The problems of reception attendent on the stimulation of wave is observed centering around the sensory organ. The results is as follows: 1. The wave-stimulation of the bio-KI and the reception of the sensory-organ is observed the connection of the sensory-organ and it's corresponding wave. 2. The informations recorded in the wave are distinguished patternly. And the several shaping waves transmit the informations each other through the resonnance. 3. The wave theory is explained the LEE(理) as the wave-pattern and the KI(氣) as revelation of the patterned-wave in the LEE-KI theory(理氣論), moreover the SHIN(神) as the information of the wave-pattern and the Kl as the energy of the wave and the JEUNG(精) as the material of the wave in the JEUNG-KI_SHIN theory(精氣神論). In this point, the study on the wave-resonance of bio-Kl is thought that it is significantly in the study method for oriental medicine. 4. The sum of the wave makes the moving body and forms the universe. It means that the several wave patterns gather and form new field. The pattern is a kind of the information and the information is not materially. The information of wave-pattern is the arrangement and the combination of the material source.

生體 氣에 대한 波動共鳴的인 연구

류경호,김경철,이용태 대한동의생리학회,대한동의병리학회 2003 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The present condition of study on the wave-resonance for the bio-KI is observed. And the probroms of reception attendant on the stimulation of wave is observed centering around the sensory organ. The results is as follows: In the wave-resonant stand point, the tendency of studying on KI is showed in the several field all over the world. Because it is originated radionics, the wave-resonant tools of MRA insistenting minute-magnetism-resonance-apparatus need the more severe data in the side of electric circuit. The wave resonance apparatus according to the frequency occurance transmits low-frequency's vibration ratio to the electric stimulating aspect. The wave-water is considered on the application of wave-resonance transcription on the water, and needs the comprehension of torsion-field level. The wave-stimulation of the bio-KI and the reception of the sensory-organ is observed the connection of the sensory-organ and it's corresponding wave. The informations recorded in the wave are distinguished patternly. And the several shaping waves transmit the informations each other through the resonnance. The wave theory is explained the LEE(理) as the wave-pattern and the KI(氣) as the revelation of the patterned-wave in the LEE-KI theory(理氣論), moreover the SHIN(神) as the information of the wave-pattern and the KI as the energy of the wave and the JEUNG(精) as the material of the wave in the JEUNG-KI-SHIN theory(精氣神論). In this point, the study on the wave-resonance of bio-KI is thought that it is significantly in the study method for oriental medicine. The sum of the wave makes the moving body and forms the universe. It means that the several wave patterns gather and form new field. The pattern is a kind of the information and the information is not materially. The information of wave-pattern is the arrangement and the combination of the material source.

Carbon tetrachloride를 투여한 rat의 hepatic lipid 축적에 미치는 vitamin E의 효과에 관한 연구

박은주,이경연,이미영,이외숙,장재정,정귀은,최진희 曉星女子大學校 藥學大學 學生會 1988 曉星藥誌 Vol.4 No.-

The present studies were undertaken to evaluate the effect of vitamin E, CCl_4 on the change of hepatic triglyceride, hepatic cholesterol, hepatic phospholipid in male rat. The result obtained from this study were summarised as follows: 1. Hepatic phospholipid of CCl_4 treated rat was increased in proportion to CCl_4 dosage but after concomitant injection(I.P) of vitamin E and CCl_4, hepatic phospholipid was significantly decreased in comparison to that of CCl_4 alone injection. 2. There was no effect on hepatic cholesterol concentration either CCl_4 alone injection(I.P) or concomitant injecton(I.P) of vitamin E and CCl_4. 3. Hepatic triglyceride of CCl_4-treated rat was significantly increased in comparison to that of normal rat but hepatic triglyceride of rat concomitant injection of vitamin E and CCl_4 was significantly decreased in comparison to that of CCl_4 alone injection.

경남지역에서 분리한 Salmonella Enteritidis의 항생제 감수성 검사 및 random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR을 이용한 유전형 분석

김은경 ( Eun-gyeong Kim ),김민경 ( Min-kyung Kim ),권현애 ( Hyun-ae Kwon ),윤도경 ( Do-kyung Youn ),구정헌 ( Jeong-heon Koo ),박소연 ( So-yeon Park ),이희근 ( Hui-geun Lee ),조명희 ( Myeong-hui Jo ),하도윤 ( Do-yun Hah ),김철호 ( 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.3

Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) are found in animals, humans, and environment. In addition, S. Enteritidis draws attention to the public health concerns due to carriage of antibiotic resistance traits. For these reasons, the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of S. Enteritidis are significant issues with regard to public health. To address this issues, a total of 24 strains of S. Enteritidis from 164 samples collected from several slaughterhouses in Gyeong-Nam province in order for antibiotic resistance profiles. Subsequently, we characterized the genotyping by random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. As a result, very high level of resistance to protein synthesis inhibition antibiotics and most isolates were susceptible to others. Six random primers were used for RAPD-PCR to reveal genotypes of S. Enteritidis isolates. One of the primer, P1245, generated 147 distinct RAPD-PCR fragments ranging from 400∼3000 bp. The number of RAPD-PCR products ranged from 4 to 8 for this primer. The RAPD-PCR fragments could be placed these strains into 3 subgroups and 2 classes by UPGMA cluster analysis. Interestingly, several S. Enteritidis that isolated from different slaughterhouses showed same genotype. These results showed only limited genetic variation among the isolates, those were grouped into a few different patterns of antibiotic resistance.