FRP로 보강된 복보강 콘크리트보의 휨성능에 관한 연구

이상열 ( Lee¸ Sang-youl1 ),손병직 ( ·son¸ Byung-jik ) 한국복합신소재구조학회 2022 복합신소재구조학회논문집 Vol.13 No.5

본 연구는 ACI 등 규정에 없는 FRP 보강 콘크리트의 복보강에 대한 설계흐름도를 제시하였으며, 단보강과 복보강을 비교, 분석하였다. 다양한 파라미터 연구를 통해서 각각 단보강일 때의 이점과 복보강일 때의 이점을 분석하였다. 콘크리트의 단면이 작을수록 보강량이 클수록 복보강의 휨성능이 유리하며, 반대의 경우는 단보강이 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 콘크리트의 단면을 크게 하는 것이 FRP 보강량을 크게 하는 것보다 효과가 좋으며, 콘크리트 단면 중에서 콘크리트 높이를 크게 하는 것이 효과가 우수하게 나타났다. 콘크리트의 설계기준강도가 클수록, FRP의 탄성계수가 작을수록 단보강이 유리하며, 반대의 경우는 복보강이 유리한 것으로 나타났다. This paper presented a design flow chart for double reinforced concrete beams with FRP reinforcing bars, which is not specified in regulations such as ACI, and compared and analyzed single reinforcement and double reinforcement. Through various parametric studies, the advantages of single reinforcement and double reinforcement were analyzed. The results suggest that the smaller the cross-section of concrete and the larger the amount of FRP reinforcement, the better the flexural performance of the double reinforcement, and vice versa. Enlarging the cross-section of concrete is more effective than increasing the amount of FRP reinforcement, and increasing the concrete height of the concrete cross-sections is more effective. As the design reference strength of concrete is large and the modulus of elasticity of FRP is small, single reinforcement is advantageous, and in the opposite case, double reinforcement is advantageous.

KAL기 추락에 의한 대량재해의 개인식별

강신몽,이원태,고영창,최상규,김윤희,이홍석,서재관,윤중진,이혜경,최득린,김종열,윤창육,변명식,이장홍 大韓法醫學會 1991 대한법의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Individual identification is an important part in medicolegal field especially in mass disaster. At July, 27, 1989, KAL KE-803 was crashed on landing at Tripoli International Airport, Liba. The plane was caught in fire and sixty eight Koreans were sacrified. The majority of victims were severely charred and injured. The authors examed all dead bodies and successfully identified all the cases through visual, anthropological, odontological, radiological and pathological methods including fingerprint and blood typing.

導入種마늘의 主要形質과 生育特性에 關한 硏究 : Allium sativum L.

李敬姬,黃海鎭,吳仲烈,韓相政 대구효성가톨릭대학교 응용과학연구소 1995 응용과학연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

導入育種의 一環으로 中國産 마늘 가운데서 球의 形質로 보아 優秀하다고 認定되는 上海種과 瀋陽種을 우리나라 代表品種인 義城種(寒地型) 및 濟州種(暖地型)과 함께 溫室과 圃場栽培 實驗으로 이들의 性能을 檢討한 결과를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1) 上海, 瀋陽 및 濟州種은 無低溫區와 2∼3℃의 20日, 40日 및 60日間 低溫處理區에서 모두 播種後 約 1週日이 經過한 10月 20日 頃부터 萌芽하기 始作하였다. 萌芽期間은 上海種이 19∼22日, 그리고 濟州種이 17∼26日로서 低溫處理期間이 延長됨에 따라 短縮되었으나 瀋陽種은 低溫處理 與否에 關係없이 9∼12日 所要되었다. 2) 寒地型인 義城種은 無低溫區에서 播種後 74日이 經過한 12月 27日에 萌芽하기 始作하였으며, 低溫處理期間이 延長됨에 따라 漸次 빨라져서 60日間 處理區에서는 播種後 13日이 經過한 10月 26日에 萌芽가 始作되었다. 그리고 萌芽期間이 延長됨에 따라 顯著히 短縮되었다. 따라서 上海種과 瀋陽種은 暖地型이라고 認定되었다. 3) 圃場栽培에서 瀋陽種이 다른 品種에 比하여 根重, 球重 및 球當鱗片種이 가장 무거웠고, 球當鱗片數가 많았으며 또한 球高, 球徑 및 莖徑이 커서 品種間 差異가 있었으나 莖徑/球徑比는 供試 4品種 모두 0.2였다. 4) 上海種은 草長, 莖長 및 花梗長이 매우 짧으며 珠芽重은 0.3g로서 가장 가볍고 葉數가 많으며 葉幅이 컸다. 또한 暖地型인 上海, 瀋陽 및 濟州種의 추대기는 5月 12日로서 추대율은 100%였으나 寒地型인 義城種의 추대기는 6月 8日로서 추대율은 30%였다. 5) 供試 4品種의 植物全體의 乾物重은 播種後 135日 經過한 4月 7日부터, 그리고 球의 乾物重은 播種後 149日이 經過한 4月 21日부터 急激히 增加하였는데 이들中 瀋陽種이 가장 旺盛한 增加를 보였고 그 다음이 上海種이였다. 6) 供試 4品種의 줄기의 乾物重은 播種後 135日이 經過한 4월 7日부터 急激히 增加하였는데 이들중 上海種이 가장 旺盛하게 增加하였고 그 다음이 瀋陽種이였다. 그리고 잎의 乾物重은 緩慢하게 增加하였으나 瀋陽種이 가장 무거웠다. 葉面積은 瀋陽種이 가장 넓으며, 早期에 增加하기 始作하고 그 速度도 빨랐다. 7) 暖地型인 瀋陽種은 上海와 濟州種보다 早生으로서 生育이 旺盛하여 球重이 무겁고 燁數가 많으며 葉面積이 넓어서 우리나라 濟州道와 南海岸地帶에서 普通栽培와 冬季施設栽培에 利用할 수 있으리라고 믿어졌다. As a part of introduction breeding, two Chinese garlic cultivars, Shanghai and Shenyang, were cultivated in greenhouse and in field with two typical Korean cultivars, Euisung and Cheju, southern and northern ecotype respectively, and the characters and growth characteristics were investigated. 1. Shanghai, Shenyang and Cheju cultivars treated with low temperature of 2 ~ 3℃ for 20, 40 and 60 days and also the nontreated ones began to sprout from Oct. 20, about one week after planting. Sprouting periods were 19 ~ 22 and 17 ~ 26 days in Shanghai and Cheju cultivar, respectively. These periods were shortened as the low temperature treating periods were extended, but Shanghai cultivar needed 9 ~ 12 days for sprouting regardless of low temperature treatment. 2. A northern ecotype, Euisung cultivar, began to sprout on Dec. 27, 74 days after planting in period was extended, for 20 ~ 66 days, and began to sprout Oct.26, 13 days after planting. From this result, Shanghai and Shenyang cultivars were recognized as a southern ecotypes. 3. In field cultivation, root weight, bulb weight and clove weight per bulb were superior in Shenyang among all the four cultivars and had many cloves per bulb and also showed superior bulb height and blub diameter. These characters represented differences among cultivars, but the ratio of stem diameter to bulb diameter was 0.2 in all four cultivars. 4. Heights of plant, stem and flower stalk were the longest and the bulblet weight, 7.0g, were the heaviest in Shanghai cultivar. In Shenyang cultivar, the flower stalk was very short and the bulblet weight was light, 0.3g, but had many leaves and showed wide leaf width Shanghai, Shenyang and Cheju cultivars, southern ecotype ones, bolted on May 12 and the bolting ration was 100%, but Euisung cultivar, nothern ecotype, bolted on Jun. 8 and the bolting ra-tio was 30%. 5. Dry weight of whole plant and the bulb increased markedly from Apr. 7, 135 days after planting, and from Apr. 21, 149 days after planting, respectively, in all four cultivars, and Shenyang showed the most vigorous increment and Shanghai was next. 6. Stem dry weight increased markedly from Apr. 7, 135 days after planting in all four cultivars; and Shanghai showed the most vigorous increment and Shanghai was next. Leaf dry weight increased gradually and that of Shenyang were the heaviest one. Leaf area of Shenyang cultivar was most broad and grew early and rapidly. 7. Shenyang cultivar, a southern ecotype, grew earlier as compared with Shanghai and Cheju cultivars, and grew vigorously, and the bulb weight was heavy and had many broad leaves. It was considered that these two Chinese cultivars are possible to cultivate in Cheju and south coast districts of the Korean Peninsula by common method and in greenhouse during winter season.

마이크로 ISFET pH 센서를 위한 REFET형 마이크로 기준전극

이성률,남태철,손병기 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1990 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.1 No.1

For the miniaturation of H-ion sensor, the reference electrode should be miniaturized. This can be achieved by differential amplification system with ISFET/Pt/REFET. REFET(REference FET) was developed by forming PVC membrane on the ISFET gate. This new REFET for the differential amplifier consisting of ISFET/Pt/REFET has shown a good operating characteristics, The new micro H-ion sensor has shown a sensitivity of 52mV/pH with a good linearity in the range of pH 4 to pH 10, and been able to eliminate the effects of temperature and light.

Hot Wall Epitaxy 법에 의한 CdIn_2S_4 단결정 박막의 성장과 광전류 특성

이상열,홍광준,박진성 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.5

수평 전기로에서 Cdln_2S_4 다결정을 합성하여 HWE(Hot Wall Epitaxy)방법으로 Cdln_2S_4 단결정 박막을 반절연성 GaAs (100)기판에 성장시켰다. Cdln_2S_4 단결정 박막의 성장 조건은 증발원의 온도 630 ℃, 기판의 온도 420 ℃ 였고 성장 속도는 0.5 ㎛/hr였다. Cdln_2S_4 단결정 박막의 결정성의 조사에서 10 K에서 광발광(photoluminescence) 스펙트럼이 463.9 nm (2.6726eV)에서 exciton emission 스펙트럼이 가장 강하게 나타났으며, 또한 이중 결정 X-선 요동 곡선(DCRC)의 반폭치(FWHM)도 127 arcsec로 가장 작아 최적 성장 조건임을 알 수 있었다. Hall효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 온도에 의존하는 운반자 농도와 이동도는 293K에서 각각 9.01 × 10 exp (16) /cm^3, 219 cm^2/V·s였다. Cdln_2S_4 /Sl(Semi-Insulated) GaAs(100) 단결정 박막의 광흡수와 광전류 spectra를 293K에서 10K까지 측정하였다. 광흡수 스펙트럼으로부터 band gap E_g(T)는 Varshni 공식에 따라 계산한 결과 2.7116eV - (7.74x10 exp (-4)eV/K)T^2/(T+434K)이었으며 광전류 스펙트럼으로부터 Hamilton matrix(Hopfield quasicubic mode)법으로 계산한 결과 crystal field splitting Δcr값이 0.1291 eV이며 spin-orbit Δso값은 0.0248 eV임을 확인하였다. 10K일 때 광전류 봉우리들은 n = 1일때 A_1-B_1-와 C_l-exciton 봉우리임을 알았다. A stoichiometric mixture of evaporating materials for Cdln_2S_4 single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal electric furnace. To obtain the single crystal thin films, Cdln_2S_4 mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the Hot Wall Epitaxy (HWE)system. The source and substrate temperatures were 630℃ and 420℃, respectively. The crystalline structure of the single crystal thin films was investigated by the photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD). The carrier density and mobility of Cdln_2S_4 single crystal thin films measured with Hall effect by van der Pauw method are 9.01×10 exp (l6) cm^-3 and 219 cm^2/V·s at 293 K, respectively. The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the Cdln_2S_4 obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by the Varshni's relation, E_g(T) = 2.7116 eV - (7.74× 10 exp (-4)eV)T^2/(T+ 434). The crystal field and the spin-orbit splitting energies for the valence band of the Cdln_2S_4 have been estimated to be 0.1291 eV and 0.0248 eV, respectively, by means of the photocurrent spectra and the Hopfield quasicubic model. These results indicate that the splitting of the Δso definitely exists in the Γ_5 states of the valence band of the AgInS_2/GaAs epilayer. The three photocurrent peaks observed at 10K areascribed to the A_l-, B_l-, and Cl-exciton peaks for n = 1.

電氣分解를 開始로한 폴리메타크릴酸에 對한 초산비닐의 그라프트 共重合에 關한 硏究

李萬熙,李相烈 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1986 연구보고 Vol.14 No.2

The graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) on poly (methacrylic acid) (PMA) in methanol-sodium methoxide as dispersion medium was carried out by electrolysis. Poly (methacrylic acid) was electrolyzed at 30℃ in 1.962g methanol-sodium methoxide solution in a glass apparatus provided with two polished platinum disk electrodes under the constant current density (300mA/d㎡). Before electrolysis, the alkali was partially neutralized in order to increase the electrical conductivity. The electrolysis of a poly (methacrylic acid) in methanol produces macroradicals with simultaneous evolution of carbon dioxide at the anode. The electrolysis was characterized by evolution of carbon dioxide at the anode. The electrolysis was characterized by evolution of carbon dioxide at the anode. Such carbon dioxide evolved during electrolysis was absorbed in barium hydroxide solution. Polymer was formed at the anionic cathode copolymerization. The incidence of graft yield was generally observed as the extent of conversion advanced beyond about 30%. The factors such as concentration of monomer, reaction temperature, reaction time, methanol-sodium methoxide solution of various compositions, and impressed current affecting the graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate on poly (methacrylic acid) initiated by electrolysis were investigated. The grafting had maximum values with the concentration of vinyl acetate. The graft yield increase with increase of monomer, reaction temperature, and methanol/sodium methoxide solution of various composition up to 1.28M, 30℃and 98/2 V/V% and thereafter it decrease. The graft yield increases steadily with increasing reaction time, current density. The solubility of polymer was increased with increase of the concertration of sodium methoxide in polymerization system. Polymer was insoluble common solvents.

인체 지방 및 간장조직 중 유기염소제류의 확인 및 정량기법 체계화

이상기,양자열,인상환,김기욱,이수연,오승민,김미영,정규혁 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2001 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.33 No.-

4 行政機關의 吸入空氣量에 關한 硏究

李成烈,韓炳祜 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1974 연구보고 Vol.2 No.1

In a four-stroke engine, the entire picture of the inlet air flow would be given by measuring the discharge coefficient determined by the lift of inlet valve at each crank angle. In this paper, the discharge coefficient corresponding to the valve lift at each crank angle were measured, and the other factors related to it, the contraction coefficient and the velocity coefficient were made clear. In addition to this, the movement of instantaneous air flow at each crank angle was observed by means of low pressure indicator diagram on a test engine, 4 cycle, gasoline, one cylinder, water cooling, and over head valve type. As results, following items were confirmed; 1. The discharge coefficient had a tendency to decrease itself as the valve lift increased assumedly on account of the inter-relationship between the contraction coefficient and the velocity coefficient. 2. Calculated instantaneous air flow by measuring the discharge coefficient and low pressure indicator diagram with accuracy, and observed the fact that the maximum air flow occured at a point where the piston speed reached its peak. 3. Calculated instantaneous volumetric efficieny and realised that the efficiency had a tendency to increase its value abruptly on a segment crank angle, from 120 degree after TDC to the point just before BDC.

주사 탐침 현미경을 이용하여 표면 처리한 기판 위의 DNA 관찰

이남주,손정민,진상협,전동렬,강치중 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 2004 자연과학논문집 Vol.23 No.-

대장균에서 추출한 plasmid DNA를 운모 기판에 착상시켜 주사 탐침 현미경으로 관찰하였다. plasmid DNA를 운모 기판에 착상시키기 위하여 운모 기판을 염 이온으로 0.01~10mM까지 농도를 변화시켜 표면 처리하였다. 운모 기판 위 염 이온의 농도 차이를 X-선 광전 분광기(XPS)로 표면을 분석하였다. 기판 처리에 사용한 염 이온의 농도에 영향을 받아 착상된 DNA의 밀도 및 모양이 변화하였다. 운모 기판 처리 농도에 따른 AFM 영상 차이와 XPS로 분석한 기판 위의 염 이온의 상태를 제시하고, 이들 사이의 상관관계에 대하여 논의하였다. The plasmid DNA on mica is observed using scanning probe microscopy. The mica surface is treated by 0.01~10mM NiCl_(2) for depositing the plasmid DNA. Concentration difference of NiCl_(2) on mica is analyzed a treated mica surface using XPS. The plasmid DNA on the treated mica has a difference of density and conformation in proportion as Ni^(2+) concentration. We present AFM topology difference and Ni^(2+) states on mica by XPS, discuss interaction between AFM topology difference and Ni^(2+) states on mica

소규모지역에서의 지가 및 인구 분포 특성에 관한 연구 : 부산광역시 북구를 대상으로

이성호,조병렬,강석효 釜山大學校 都市問題硏究所 2003 都市硏究報 Vol.15 No.-

It is important to inquiry into the characteristics of several features which are components of a city in studying. However, it was impossible to analyze the existing inquiries in micro because of the limitation of information. Especially, there were not any examples in small scale area and it was very hard to guess the characteristics of the area using the existing information and systems. I presented micro analysis method in small scale area. It was based on not only the production method of land cost and the density of population using GIS is more advanced than existing, but also compared analysis of each feathers through the Grid analysis.