6-hydroxydopamine에 의한 Synaptosome의 Na^+-K^+ ATPase 및 Mg^++ ATPase의 비활성화에 대한 Cu^++의 역할

이경용,이정수,정명희,이광수 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1985 中央醫大誌 Vol.10 No.4

6-Hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) is selectively accumulated in catecholamine-containing neurons and causes degeneration of nerve terminals when injected into animals. However, the exact molecular mechanism of toxicity remains uncertain. 6-OHDA is an unstable compound which autoxidizes extremely rapidly. Among the various metal ions, Cu^++ is an extremely reactive cation which is known to stimulate the autoxidation of several autoxidizable compounds, among them catecholes and hemoglobin. In the present study, role of Cu^++ was observed on both the production of reactive oxygen species and the inactivation of rat brain synaptosomal Na^+-K^+ ATPase and Mg^++ATPase caused by 6-OHDA. Synaptosomal Na^+-K^+ ATPase and Mg^++ATPase activities were significantly reduced by 6-OHDA. In reaction medium of pH 7.4 6-OHDA is autoxidized rapidly and during this process H_2O_2 and superoxide radical(o^1_2) were formed. Thus, the observed findings suggest that inactivation of these ATPases may be caused by reactive oxygen species. Cu^++ stimulated the rate of autoxidation of 6-OHDA in a dose dependent manner and this stimulation of the autoxidation of 6-OHDA by Cu^++ was prevented by EDTA, penicillamine, catalase and histidine. Effect of Cu^++ was also observed with Na^+-K^+ ATPase and Mg^++ ATPase activities. Inhibition of Na^+-K^+ ATPase and Mg^++ATPase activities by 6-OHDA was further enhanced by Cu^++ and these effects were effectively prevented by catalase and histidine. From the results obtained, it is suggested that Cu^++ stimulates the autoxidation of 6-OHDA and enhances the inactivation of synaptosomal Na^+-K^+ ATPase by 6-OHDA. Also, the inactivation of these ATPase may be attributed to singlet oxygen (O^1_2).

반복적인 실신 및 실신전환자의 기립경사 검사시 뇌혈류 변화

조수진,김준수,이광호,정진상,송희정,이상철,서정돈,이원로 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

증후성 단독 중뇌동맥협착의 예후

이수주,이광호,정진상,조수진,이원용,이한보 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

中原圈 寺刹風景에 관한 考察

鄭玧洙,秋甲喆,李成基 建國大學校 附設 自然科學硏究所 1992 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

Four temples were picked from the central northern area in Chung-Won Zone. And the considered result of the temple scape factors can be conclusion as follows: 1. Most of relics worthy of the buddhist culture and tradition were burnt away and lost out,. There were much difficulties in collection and comparision of bibliographical materials. So urgent is the task of recovering and restoring the relics into their original forms and conditions. 2. When Chung-Won Zone in taken in a view of the military strategic position throughout the ancient triple dynasties rather than a center of cultural creation in the context of historical research, we cannot say that Chung-Won Zone was affected uniquely by a particular one nation among the three dynasties. 3. Virgin forest is completly damaged in general throughout current forest aspect of the each temple and yet forests are reviving and on the way of transition to the original. 4. It is assumed that the plants from the primitive around the temple in common were hard wood forest of mixed forest. To quickly bring up the progress of stable forest growth and development for the purpose of ecological advantage, useful hard wood forest should be well tended in a positive approach as the hard wood forest is potentially surfacing out. 5. Country species which is afforested to be proper to form the temple scape should be planted at many small sized spots so barren lands around. It is recommendable that Quercus aliena BL. stands espceally at the Kakyoon Temple be taken care of concentrating it should be leaded to the balanced selection forest type. 6. Caution should be directed to prevent damage of Theodiplosis Japonensis U. et I. from pinus densiflora S. et Z. stands at Kooin Temple and Konglim Temple and also from pinus densiflora for. multicaulis U. at Kayoon Temple. 7. Forest outside the boundary of the temple should be established as a special protective zone and worning boards should be displayed to the public so that people recognize the forest scapes are the most precious resources and dense forest should be developed to be a model forest in Korea. 8. We should be able to find a place of sight pleasue, rest and recreation through further successful development of natural scape elements surrounding the temples. It is ideal that man can expect to enjoy our mental recuperation in the nature from of the forest.

Captopril과 Nifedipine 병합요법의 강압효과에 관한 임상적 연구

이영수,문언수,김준호,공수정,정시진,주용진,정상만 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1993 건국의과학학술지 Vol.3 No.-

Background: The hypotensive effect of captopril(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) and nifedipine(calcium channel blocker) was studied. Method: Captopril(75mg) and nifedipine(30mg) were administered in 30 hypertensive adults during twelve weeks after a week observation for washout with stepwise increments of the dose according to the patient's blood pressure in every two weeks. Result: The supine blood pressure were decreased from 169.5±22.3/104.0±20.3 mmHg to 130.4±21.3/82.4±19.5mmHg at the end of twelve weeks during therapy.(p<0.05) The standing blood pressure were also decreased conferrably and to the some lower level. Hematologic examination and blood chemistry revealed no discernible abnormal findings before and after the treatment. During the period of the study a few probably drug-related symptom such as cough and headache, gastrointestinal disturbance developed but not troublesome enough to administering. Conclusion: Captopril and nifedipine regimen is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of hypertensive patients.

Imipramine과 Reserpine이 신경말단의 Ca^++이동에 미치는 효과

신정인,이정수,이광수 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1986 中央醫大誌 Vol.11 No.1

Since calcium ion is known to be associated in the initiation of stimulus-induced neurotransmitter release from nerve endings, effects of imipramine and reserpine on the Na^+-K^+ ATPase, Mg^++ ATPase, Ca^++-Mg^++ ATPase and Na^+-Ca^++ ATPase activities in rat brain synaptosomes which may be associated with adrenoceptor were investigated. In view of the possible role of mitochondria in the control of intracellular Ca^++ concentration, suggested effects of imipramine and reserpine on the mitochondrial Ca^++ uptake and the Na^+-induced Ca^++ release from mitochondria were also studied. Na^+-K^+ ATPase activities in rat brain synaptosomes were inhibited by imipramine in a dose dependent manner. Reserpine, however showed no effect on or slightly increased these ATPase activities. Na^+-K^+ ATPase. Mg^++ ATPase and Ca^++-Mg^++ ATPase activities were all enhanced by norepinephrine and dopamine, but Na^+-Ca^++ ATPase activity inhibited by these agents. The effects of these catecholamines on these ATPase activities were antagonized by propranolol or yohimbine. Imipramine inhibited all the above mentioned ATPase activities in the same degree in the presence or absence of the catecholamines. Reserpine decreased the effects of catecholamines on these ATPase activities. The initial rate of calcium binding to mitochondria was enhanced by imipramine, but the maximum calcium binding was not affected. In the presence of reserpine or verapamil, both the maximum calcium binding and the initial binding rate were inhibited. With regard to Na^+-induced Ca^++ release from mitochondria, both the amount and rate of calcium release were enhanced by imipramine, but were not altered by reserpine. The above findings suggest that imipramine may increase the free intracellular calcium concentration through the inhibition of Na^+-K^+ ATPase, Mg^++ ATPase, Ca^++-Mg^++ ATPase and Na^+-Ca^++ ATPase activities which may result in enhancement of initial binding and subsequent release of Ca^++ to and from mitochondria. On the other hand, reserpine may induce consistent release of neurotransmitters through the inhibition of the ATPase which may play a regulatory role in the release of neurotransmitters and it may maintain an increased intracellular free calcium by the inhibition of calcium binding to mitochondria.

야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

두개저부 골절에 대한 임상적 분석

장수찬,박철완,한기수,이상구,김영보,이언,정환영 대한신경외과학회 1997 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.26 No.5

당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).

뇌 아밀로이드 혈관병과 고혈압성 뇌출혈의 감별에 있어서 Apolipoprotein Eε4와 점상 출혈 분포의 유용성

김용범,이광호,이수주,나덕렬,조수진,정진상,이원용 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.1