Changes of Landscape Structure for the Recent 20 Years in the Wangsuk Stream Basin of the Central Korea

Lee, Chang-Seok,Cho, Yong-Chan,Shin, Hyun-Chul,Lee, Seon-Mi The Ecological Society of Korea 2006 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.29 No.4

Landscape changes for 20 years between 1981 and 2001 in the Wangsuk stream basin located on the central Korea were investigated on the basis of physiognomic vegetation map made from the aerial photograph interpretation and field check. Changes of landscape structure were noticeable in agricultural field and forest landscape elements. Changes in the agricultural fields due to transformation of agricultural pattern into the institutional agriculture dominated landscape change, although urbanization also contributed to such change. The former change due to change of food production structure originated from socio-economic development during this period and the latter to the overpopulation of Seoul. As energy sources for heating and cooking, fertilizer, and fodder for livestock transform from plant materials to fossil fuel, manufactured one, and grain, succession of forest escaped from direct human disturbance dominated change of landscape structure in forested land. Differently from the positive landscape change in the upper area, change in the lower area deteriorated landscape quality by increasing artificial land. It was estimated that such landscape deterioration in the Wangsuk stream basin would influence water quality of the stream. In order to realize sustainable land-use against such environmental degradation, systematic environmental management based on landscape ecological perspective such as "an eco-plan for creating riparian vegetation belt," which is under preparation by Ministry of Environment, was recommended.

Vegetation change and emerging research feedback for Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER)

Cho, Yong-Chan,Lee, Chang-Seok,Cho, Hyun-Je,Lee, Kyu-Song,Park, Pil-Sun The Ecological Society of Korea 2011 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.34 No.1

Various responses of forest ecosystems to climate change underscore the need to improve our understanding of the environmentally-driven changes in forests, most effectively by long-term monitoring protocols. We have explored vegetation dynamics based on changes in community structure, species composition, diversity and demographics in four Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) sites--Mt. Nam, Mt. Jeombong, Mt. Worak, and Mt. Jiri--between 2004 and 2009. Most of the sites and forests studied exhibited increments in total basal area, but this was not observed in Quercus mongolica forests in Mt. Nam and Mt. Worak. Stem density exhibited various changes. Altitude gradient was the representative factor in differences in species composition. Two patterns of compositional change--convergence and divergence--were detected. The vegetation of Mt. Nam and Q. mongolica community of Mt. Work showed relatively larger changes in composition. However, in the other sites, few changes were observed. Changes of species richness were not notable except for Mt. Nam, where three species were added in the pine forest, whereas one species disappeared in the oak forest. In the oak forests, mortality rate was as follows (in descending order): Mt. Nam (25.5%), Mt. Jeombong (24.3%), Mt. Worak (16.4%) and Mt. Jiri (0.8%). In the pine forest, the recruitment rate was as follows (in descending order): Mt. Nam (63.7%), Mt. Worak (12.9%), Mt. Jeombong (7.6%) and Mt. Jiri (7.3%). The mortality rate and change rate of basal area were strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.9, P = 0.002), and the recruitment rate and change rate of density were positively correlated (r = 0.77, P = 0.026). In the KNLTER sites, larger vegetation changes were attributed to anthropogenic activities such as salvage logging. Suppression or competition for resources would also affect these changes. Research suggestions such as monitoring to clarify the causes of species mortality were discussed.

Changes in the Angstrom Exponent during Aerosol Coagulation and Condensation

Chang H. Jung,Ji Yi Lee,Yong P. Kim,김용표 한국대기환경학회 2012 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.6 No.4

In this study, the Ångstrom exponent for polydispersed aerosol during dynamic processes was investigated. Log-normal aerosol size distribution was assumed,and a sensitivity analysis of the Ångstrom exponent with regards the coagulation and condensation process was performed. The Ångstrom exponent is expected to decrease because of the particle growth due to coagulation and condensation. However, it is difficult to quantify the degree of change. In order to understand quantitatively the change in the Ångstrom exponent during coagulation and condensation,different real and imaginary parts of the refractive index were considered. The results show that the Ångstrom exponent is sensitive to changes in size distribution and refractive index. The total number concentration decreases and the geometric mean diameter of aerosols increase during coagulation. On the while, the geometric standard deviation approaches monodispersed size distribution during the condensation process, and this change in size distribution affects the Ångstrom exponent. The degree of change in the Ångstrom exponent depends on the refractive index and initial size distribution, and the size parameter changes with the Ångstrom exponent for a given refractive index or chemical composition; this indicates that the size distribution plays an important role in determining the Ångstrom exponent as well as the chemical composition. Subsequently, this study shows how the Ångstrom exponent changes quantitatively during the aerosol dynamics processes for a log-normal aerosol size distribution for different refractive indices; the results showed good agreement with the results for simple analytic size distribution solutions.

Which Environmental Factors Caused Lammas Shoot Growth of Korean Red Pine?

Lee, Chang-Seok,Song, Hye-Gyung,Kim, Hye-Soo,Lee, Bit-Na-Ra,Pi, Jeong-Hoon,Cho, Yong-Chan,Seol, Eun-Sil,Oh, Woo-Seok,Park, Sung-Ae,Lee, Seon-Mi The Ecological Society of Korea 2007 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.30 No.1

Lammas growth, a rare phenomenon for Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora), occurred in 2006. Lammas shoots showed higher frequency and longer length in Seoul's hotter urban center than in urban boundary or suburban forest sites. Frequency and length showed a close correlation with urbanization density and vegetation cover expressed in NDVI. Air temperature in the late summer of 2006 was more than $1^{\circ}C$ higher than an average year. Of the predominant environmental signals that modulate bud flush, only temperature changed significantly during the year. Differences in temperature between the urban centers, urban boundaries and suburban forests correlated with varying land-use density. The rise in temperature likely spurred lammas growth of the Korean red pine. Symptoms of climate change are being detected throughout the world, and its consequences will be clearer in the future. Considerate interest in the responses of ecological systems to the variable changes is required to prepare for unforeseeable crises. Monitoring of diverse ecological phenomena at Long Term Ecological Research sites could offer harbingers of change.

Changes in the Ångstrom Exponent during Aerosol Coagulation and Condensation

Jung, Chang H.,Lee, Ji Yi,Kim, Yong P. Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2012 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.6 No.4

In this study, the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent for polydispersed aerosol during dynamic processes was investigated. Log-normal aerosol size distribution was assumed, and a sensitivity analysis of the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent with regards the coagulation and condensation process was performed. The ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent is expected to decrease because of the particle growth due to coagulation and condensation. However, it is difficult to quantify the degree of change. In order to understand quantitatively the change in the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent during coagulation and condensation, different real and imaginary parts of the refractive index were considered. The results show that the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent is sensitive to changes in size distribution and refractive index. The total number concentration decreases and the geometric mean diameter of aerosols increase during coagulation. On the while, the geometric standard deviation approaches monodispersed size distribution during the condensation process, and this change in size distribution affects the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent. The degree of change in the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent depends on the refractive index and initial size distribution, and the size parameter changes with the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent for a given refractive index or chemical composition; this indicates that the size distribution plays an important role in determining the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent as well as the chemical composition. Subsequently, this study shows how the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent changes quantitatively during the aerosol dynamics processes for a log-normal aerosol size distribution for different refractive indices; the results showed good agreement with the results for simple analytic size distribution solutions.

노인운동의 변화단계에 따른 의사결정 균형에 대한 연구

김소인,전영자,박은숙,김순용,장성옥,이평숙,이숙자 성인간호학회 2000 성인간호학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose : This study was carried out to identify the factor of decisional balance for exercise. This was composed of a set of variables at the level of decision making when the elderly decide to do exercise. It was used to classify and identify the characteristics of the stages of change for exercise to which the elderly belong, and was used to identify the variables of decisional balance which influence the stage of change for exercise in the elderly. Methods : Convenient samples of 198 subjects over age 60 in Seoul(mean age=70) were selected from community living, mentally competent older adults and the data was collected from April 1, 1999 to May 31, 1999. The research instrument was the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise(Marcus & Owen., 1992), Stage of Change Measure(Marcus et al, 1992). The data was analyzed by SAS Program. Results: 1. According to stage of change measure, without missing data, 191 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for exercise : 50 subjects(26.1%), 7 subjects(3.6%), 52 subjects(27.2%), 4 subjects(2%), and 78 subjects(40.8%) belonged to the pre-contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenance stage. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors of decisional balance as appropriate factors for excise of the elderly and named by researchers; 1)'Perceived Physical-psychological benefit', 2)'Perceived Physical-psychological burden', and 3)'Perceived time burden'. 3. The analysis of variance showed that the two components Perceived Physical - psychological benefit(F=45.95, p=.0001), and Perceived Physical-psychological burden(F=26.52, P=.001) were significantly associated with stage of change. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that both 'Self Perceived Physical-Psychological benefit' and 'Perceived Physical-Psychological burden' were the influential variables in discriminating the three stages of change(pre-contemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Conclusion: Results are consistent with the application of the Transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behaviors. Even though this study is a cross-sectional, not a longitudinal study, the findings of this study give useful information for exercise intervention about especially the factors relating to decision making for exercise of the elderly in the different stages of change of exercise.

전통주 주박의 항혈전 활성 평가

김미선(Mi-Sun Kim),이예슬(Ye-Seul Lee),김종식(Jong Sik Kim),신우창(Woo-Chang Shin),손호용(Ho-Yong Sohn) 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.8

전통주 주박을 이용한 고부가가치 식품소재 개발을 위해, 상업적 시설에서 생산된 3종 약주(J-B, J-S, J-Y) 및 2종 탁주(J-H, J-W) 주박의 ethanol 추출물 및 열수 추출물을 조제하고 이들의 혈액응고 저해활성, 혈소판 응집저해 활성 및 인간 적혈구 용혈활성을 평가하였다. 5종 주박의 pH는 3.90~4.29로 유사하였으나, brix는 5.0~27.0으로 다양하게 나타났으며, 수분 및 알코올 함량에서도 시료에 따라 1.8배의 차이를 나타내었다. 주박의 색차와 성분은 첨가된 부재료 및 사용누룩에 좌우되었으며, J-W 주박의 경우 수분함량이 80.3%, brix 13, 알코올 함량 1.8%를 함유하여 다른 주박에 비해 다양한 식품제조에 용이하게 이용 가능하리라 판단되었다. Ethanol 추출효율은 J-H, J-W, J-B, J-S, J-Y의 순, 열수 추출효율은 J-S, J-B, J-W, J-H, J-Y의 순으로 높았으며, 총폴리페놀 및 총플라보노이드함량은 ethanol 추출물 중에서는 J-H, 열수 추출물 중에서는 J-Y 주박에서 가장 높았다. 5종 주박의 10종 추출물은 모두 5 mg/ml 농도까지 인간 적혈구에 대한 용혈활성이 나타나지 않았으며, J-B, J-S, J-Y의 약주 주박의 ethanol 추출물에서 유의적인 혈액응고저해 활성이 나타났으며, J-W 탁주 주박의 열수 추출물에서 thrombin 저해 활성과 J-B, J-S 및 J-H 주박 열수 추출물에서 혈액 응고인자 저해활성을 확인하였다. 혈소판 응집저해 활성평가의 경우 J-W 탁주 주박의 ethanol 및 열수 추출물에서만 아스피린에 필적하는 우수한 활성이 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 다양한 약주 및 탁주 주박이 항혈전 활성을 가지고 있으며, 주박으로부터 항혈전제 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다. In this study, ethanol and hot water extracts of lees from Korean traditional wine (J-B, J-S, J-Y, J-H, and J-W) were prepared, and their effects on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, and hemolysis of human red blood cells (hRBCs) were investigated to develop functional food ingredients from lees. The pH and brix of the lees ranged from 3.90 to 4.29 and 5.0 to 27.0o, respectively, and there was a huge difference in the water and ethanol content among the lees. The nuruk and additives used affected the color and physicochemical properties of lees. The J-W takju made from only rice and traditional nuruk, which has 13o brix and 1.8% of alcohol, has potential as functional food ingredient. With regard to the extraction yields of lees, higher yields were obtained from J-H, which contains different medicinal plants, in ethanol, followed by J-W, J-B, J-S, and J-Y. Higher extraction yields of lees were obtained from J-S in hot water, followed by J-B, J-W, J-H, and J-Y, respectively. The ethanol extract of J-H and the hot water extract of J-Y had the highest contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoids among the lees extracts. The 10 lees extracts did not show hemolysis activity against hRBCs up to 5 mg/ml. In an anticoagulation activity assay, the ethanol extracts of three yakju lees (J-B, J-S, and J-Y) and the hot water extract of J-W inhibited thrombin activity, whereas the hot water extract of J-B, J-S, and J-H inhibited blood coagulation factors. In an antiplatelet aggregation activity assay, only the J-W takju lees showed significant inhibition activity. Our results suggest that lees from traditional wine had high potential as a novel antithrombosis agent.

KAERI 부지 주변의 환경선량 측정을 위한 온라인 감마선량 감시시스템

이정호,박두원,이원윤,이현덕,최용호,김삼랑,홍광희,이창우 대한방사선 방어학회 1994 방사선방어학회지 Vol.19 No.2

환경감마선량 변동을 감시하기 위해 한국원자력연구소 부지 주변에 온라인 감마선량 감시망을 구성하였다. 모니터링 포스트에 설치된 전리함 검출기에 의해 측정된 자료는 무선전송방식으로 중앙통제소에 전송되어 실시간으로 감시된다. 무선전송 방식은 자료의 전송, 처리 및 자자에 신뢰도가 높고 경제적이었다. 감시시스템은 급격한 선량증가시 조기경보체제와 연결할 수 있게 하였다. On-line gamma monitoring system around KSERI-site was set up to monitor the radiation fluctuations in environment. Data on gamma exposure rates measured by the ionication chamber in the monitoring posts are transmitted to a computer of central control station with radio telemetry transmission and reliable on handing and storing of data. This monitroing system can triger an early warning system in the event of abnormal radiation levels.

Pulmonary Inflammatory Pseudotumor with Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone Mimicking Advanced Lung Cancer

( Chang Hoon Kim ),( Jae Seok Jeong ),( Yong Chul Lee ),( So Ri Kim ),( Yeong Hun Choe ),( Seung Yong Park ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Lung cancer has been the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer related mortality in Korea and worldwide. Although it is fatal, most of the lung cancer patient are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, radiologic screening by chest low-dose computerized tomography (LDCT) has been recommended by lung cancer specialists for early detection and improving survival. However, clinical suspicion of lung cancer by radiologic screening is quite challenging because of its high false positive rate. A wide range of benign pulmonary diseases could be misinterpreted as lung malignancy on LDCT, including infection, benign mass-forming lesion, and inflammatory changes. Therefore, physician should consider the possibility of the benign disease entities when radiologic features suggest lung malignancy. Herein, we report a case of a 50-year-old man presenting a 4.5-cm lung mass in the right upper lobe with solitary osteolytic lesion of the right 8th rib. Under the suspicion of metastatic lung cancer, the lung mass and the right 8th rib were surgically resected for the diagnostic and curative purpose. After the tissue biopsy, unexpectedly, the lung mass was diagnosed as inflammatory pseudotumor. Furthermore, histopathology of the resected rib showed solitary plasmacytoma of the bone. Our experience highlights the importance of clinical suspicion that in patients with radiologic features compatible to advanced lung cancer could be caused by coexistence of unrelated two uncommon disease entities, which can be completely treatable with surgical resection.

철원 비무장지대 인근지역에서 두루미류의 월동생태 및 서식지 관리

이우신,임신재,허위행,최창용,최서윤,박용수,이창배 中央大學校 食糧資源硏究所 2003 食糧資源硏究所 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate wintering ecology and habitat using pattern of cranes for sound protection and management of the birds and their habitat near the Demilitarized Zone(DMZ) of Cheolwon, South Korea. Distribution of cranes seemed to be affected by road construction and human activity. Dried rice paddy was mainly habitat type of cranes in Cheolwon area. Gleaning was dominant behavior during day time. Ratio of alert was increased in afternoon. There was difference in time budget of behavior between red-crowned and white-naped cranes. For the stable wintering of cranes, minimum change of habitat, decrease of human disturbance and stable food maintenance would be needed in Cheolwon area.