상분리법을 통하여 제조된 새로운 개념의 지지형 액막의 기체투과특성

최평호,김범식,이정민,김철웅,구기갑,이상학 한국공업화학회 2004 공업화학 Vol.15 No.1

새로운 지지형 액막(SLM)을 용매 증발에 따른 1차, 2차 상분리법으로 3성분 고분자 용액으로부터 제조하였다. 액막재로 이온액인 BMIBF_(4) (BMI+ =1-(1-butyl)-3-methylimidazolium, BF_(4)=tetra-fluoro boratr)와 매트릭스 고분자로 polyvinylidenefluoride(PVDF)가 사용되었다. 이 고정화 액막의 O_(2), N_(2) 그리고 CO_(2) 기체 투과특성을 여러 조작 조건에서 조사하였다. SLM은 가혹한 조건에서 조작하였음에도 불구하고 오랜 시간동안 높은 CO_(2) 투과도 및 선택성을 유지하였다. 투과거동을 나타내는 인자인 투과도, 확산도, 그리고 용해도를 연속 측정 장치를 통하여 구함으로써 특성을 관찰하였다. SLM은 다른 기체에 비하여 CO_(2)에 대해서 높은 투과도와 선택도를 갖고 있었다. 특히, 막내 CO_(2)의 용해도는 다른 기체들에 비하여 매우 높은 반면 확산도는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 막내 이온액의 조성은 CO_(2) 용해도에 영향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 막내 이온액의 조성이 증가함에 따라서 CO_(2) 의 투과도 및 선택도가 극격히 증가하였다. 이는 SLM를 통한 기체 투과에 있어서 용해도가 주인자로 큰 영향을 끼침으로써 막내 이온액 조성 증가 SLM의 투과에 큰 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. The new supported liquid membranes (SLMs) were fabricated from ternary polymer solution contained ionic liquid in which primary and secondary phase separations were induced by the solvent by the solvent evaporaton. The used ionic liquid and polymer matrix were BMBF_(4) (BMI+=-(1-butyl)-3-methylimidazolium, BF_(4)-tetra-fluoro boratel and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Gas permeation properties of the SLM to O_(2), N_(2) and CO_(2) were studied at various operating conditions. Although the SLM were operated under severe operating condition, it maintained high CO_(2) permeability and selectivity for quite long time. The solubility coefficient of CO_(2) in the membrace was very high in comparison with those of other gases; whereas there was no big difference in the diffusivity between CO and other gases. Moreover, in the permeation of pure gases, it is observed that the ionic liquid content in the membrane affected the solubility of CO_(2) in the memhranc. With increasing ionic liquid content in the membrane, the permeability and selectivity of CO_(2) increase significantly. There fore, in the permeation of gases through SLM, the overall permeation performances weir affected mainly by solubility coefficient. This observation can be discussed in terms of the influence of solubility coefficient with ionic liquid content in the membrane.

Activation of $PPAR{\alpha}$ Attenuates $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$-induced Cell Proliferation in Astrocytes: Involvement of IL-6 Independent Pathway

Lee, Jin-Koo,Seo, Eun-Min,Lee, Sang-Soo,Park, Soo-Hyun,Sim, Yun-Beom,Jung, Jun-Suh,Kim, Seon-Mi,Suh, Hong-Won The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.3

The present study demonstrates the effect of fibrates, agonists of $PPAR{\alpha}$ on cytokines-induced proliferation in primary cultured astrocytes. Alone or combination treatment with cytokines, such as IL-$1{\beta}$ (10 ng/ml), $IFNP{\gamma}$ (10 ng/ml), and TNF-$\alpha$ (10 ng/ml) cause a significant increase of cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner. Treatment of astrocytes with bezafibrate and fenofibrate (0, 5, and $10\;{\mu}M$) reduced the $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$-induced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. To address the involvement of IL-6 on the $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$-induced cell proliferation, released IL-6 level was measured. $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ cause an increase of released IL-6 protein level in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment with IL-6 antibody (0, 0.1, 1, 2.5, and 5 ng/ml) dose-dependently inhibited the $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$-induced cell proliferation. However, bezafibrate and fenofibrate did not affect increased mRNA and protein levels of IL-6 in $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$-stimulated astrocytes. Taken together, these results clearly suggest that activation of $PPAR{\alpha}$ attenuates the $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$-induced cell proliferation through IL-6 independent pathway.

Cell Yield of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cell Count Using Cytocentrifuges

Koo, Bon-Kyung,Shim, Hyun-Seol,Oh, Jung-A,Lee, Yong-Tag,Choi, Dae-Yong,Lee, Beom-Se,Kim, Eun-Jee,Lee, Seung-Tae,Kim, Sun-Hee 대한임상검사과학회 2013 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.45 No.1

The cells are concentrated approximately 20-fold by cytocentrifugation. This study evaluated the nucleated cell number for cells recovered on slide by using Cytospin-3 (Thermo Shandon Ltd. UK) and Cytopro-7620 (Wescor Inc., USA) cytocentrifuges to hematocytometer cell count of $0{\sim}5WBCs/{\mu}L$ of hematocytometer in the cerebrospinal fluid cell count. One hundred forty eight samples of $0{\sim}5WBCs/{\mu}L$ on hematocytometer, were cytocentrifuged by Cytospin-3 and Cytopro-7620 instruments. The nucleated cell number for cells recovered on slide was counted after Wright stain. The nucleated cell number for cells recovered on slide was 0~40 cells in the 44 samples of $0WBC/{\mu}L$, and 3~95 cells in the 31 samples of $1WBC/{\mu}L$. It was observed that the nucleated cell number for cells recovered on slide was 13~100 cells in the 44 samples of $2WBCs/{\mu}L$, and more than 100 cells in the 29 samples of $3{\sim}5WBCs/{\mu}L$, respectively. In addition, extremely normal lymphocyte, monocyte and polymorphonuclear neutrophil were observed in the 143 samples of $0{\sim}5WBCs/{\mu}L$. Macrophage and eosinophil were also rarely observed. The nucleated cell number for cells recovered on slide was 20 cells, which were regarded as $1WBC/{\mu}L$ in body fluid cell count. However, in this study, we made alterations to report nucleated cell percentage as 0% without preparing the cytocentrifuged slide at $0WBC/{\mu}L$ by using the cell yield in a comparison between the value of $0{\sim}5WBCs/{\mu}L$ and nucleated cell number for cells recovered on slide.

Rupture of Posterior Cruciate Ligament: Diagnosis and Treatment Principles

( Beom Koo Lee ),( Shin Woo Nam ) 대한슬관절학회 2011 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries associated with multiple ligament injuries can be easily diagnosed, but isolated PCL tears are less symptomatic, very difficult to diagnose, and frequently misdiagnosed. If a detailed investigation of the history of illness suggests a PCL injury, careful physical examinations including the posterior drawer test, dial test, varus and valgus test should be done especially if the patient complains of severe posterior knee pain in >90° of flexion. Vascular assessment and treatment should be done to avoid critical complications. An individualized treatment plan should be established after consideration of the type of tear, time after injury, associated collateral ligament injuries, bony alignment, and status of remnant. The rehabilitation should be carried out slower than that after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

급성 후방 십자 인대 파열의 보존적 치료 후 슬관절 후방 불안정성

이범구 ( Beom Koo Lee ),엄기석 ( Gi Serk Eom ),기용철 ( Yong Cheol ) 대한슬관절학회 2003 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Interleukin-1이 골아세포주 UMR-106-1의 증식에 미치는 영향

이범구(Beom Koo Lee),김병직(Byung Jik Kim),이재담(Jae Dam Lee),김건범(Geon Beom Kim) 대한정형외과학회 1999 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: a case control study using speckle tracking echocardiography

Kim, Beom Joon,Moon, Kyung Pil,Yoon, Ji-Hong,Lee, Eun-Jung,Lee, Jae Young,Kim, Seong Koo,Lee, Jae Wook,Chung, Nack Gyun,Cho, Bin,Kim, Hack Ki The Korean Pediatric Society 2016 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.59 No.4

Purpose: Severe aplastic anemia (SAA), a fatal disease, requires multiple transfusion, immunosuppressive therapy, and finally, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as the definitive treatment. We hypothesized that iron overloading associated with multiple transfusions and HSCT-related complications may adversely affect cardiac function. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed in children after HSCT for SAA. Methods: Forty-six consecutive patients with a median age of 9.8 years (range, 1.5-18 years), who received HSCT for SAA and who underwent comprehensive echocardiography before and after HSCT, were included in this study. The data of LV functional parameters obtained using conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) were collected from pre- and post-HSCT echocardiography. These data were compared to those of 40 age-matched normal controls. Results: In patients, the LV ejection fraction, shortening fraction, end-diastolic dimension, mitral early diastolic E velocity, TDI mitral septal E' velocity, and STE LV longitudinal systolic strain rate (SSR) decreased significantly after HSCT. Compared to normal controls, patients had significantly lower post-HSCT early diastolic E velocity and E/A ratio. On STE, patients had significantly decreased LV deformational parameters including LV longitudinal systolic strain (SS), SSR, and diastolic SR (DSR), and circumferential SS and DSR. Serum ferritin levels showed weak but significant correlations (P<0.05) with LV longitudinal SS and SSR and circumferential SS and DSR. Conclusion: Subclinical LV dysfunction is evident in patients after HSCT for SAA, and was associated with increased iron load. Serial monitoring of cardiac function is mandatory in this population.

대퇴골 비전형 골절: 일반 골절과 다른 점은?

이범석 ( Beom Seok Lee ),이영균 ( Young-kyun Lee ),원희재 ( Heejae Won ),김형국 ( Hyungkook Kim ),구경회 ( Kyung-hoi Koo ) 대한골절학회 2018 대한골절학회지 Vol.31 No.4

최근 골다공증성 골절을 예방하기 위해 비스포스포네이트를 사용한 환자에서 오히려 비전형적 대퇴골절이 발생하여 관심을 끌고 있다. 비록 비전형적 대퇴골절의 발생 빈도가 높지 않지만 골절 수술이 쉽지 않고 지연 유합이나 불유합의 위험이 높은 점 등 일반 골절과는 다른 몇 가지 특성이 있어 이에 대해 비전형적 대퇴골절의 치료에 대한 최근의 연구들을 검토하여 살펴보고자 한다. Recently, atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) have been found in patients who were prescribed bisphosphonate to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Although the occurrence of AFF is rare, there are some concerns, such as a higher risk of delayed or non-union of AFF. This paper reviews the treatment of AFF and suggests some considerations during surgery.

대퇴골 원위부 분쇄 골절에서 DCS를 이용한 MIPPO 수기

이범구(Beom Koo Lee),엄기석(Gi Serk Eom),심재앙(Jae Ang Sim) 대한정형외과학회 2004 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.39 No.1

목적: 대퇴골 원위부 분쇄 골절의 치료에서 MIPPO (Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis) 수기와 금속 내고정으로서 DCS (Dynamic Condylar Screw)의 유용성에 대해 알아 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 2월부터 2000년 8월까지 본원에서 MIPPO 수기로 골간단부를 고정하고 관절내 골절이 함께 있는 경우 외측 슬개골 주위 관절 절개술로 수술한 대퇴골 원위부 골절 중 최소한 12개월 이상추시가 가능했던 23예를 대상으로 하였다. 수술 후 평가는 Neer 평가 방법, 방사선적 골 유합 및 대퇴-경골 각(tibiofemoral angle)으로 측정한 골 정열 상태의 방사선적 결과, 그리고 임상적 합병증으로 판정하였다. 결과: 임상 결과는 18예(78.3%)가 만족 이상, 5예(21.7%)가 불만족을 보였다. 방사선적 골 유합 기간은 평균 16주(11-20주)였으며, 대퇴-경골 각으로 측정한 골 정열 상태는 평균 외반 3°(0-7°)였고, 2예에서 8° 이상의 외반 변형을 보였으며, 10° 이상의 후방 각 형성은 없었다. 합병증으로는 1예에서 2cm의 하지 부동과 5예에서 지연 유합이 있었는데 이 경우 골절 부위에서 골편의 간격이 보였으나 골 이식은 필요하지 않았고 최종 추시에서 골유합을 얻었다. 결론: 대퇴골 원위부 분쇄 골절에서 MIPPO 수기와 DCS를 이용한 내고정이 불유합 및 감염 등의 합병증을 줄일 수 있는 유용한 술식이다. Purpose: To evaluate the advantages of transarticular reconstruction and fixation by MIPPO (Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis) using DCS in comminuted fractures of the distal femur. Materials and Methods: From February, 1998 to August, 2000, we experienced 23 cases of comminuted fractures of the distal femur, which were treated by MIPPO and lateral parapatellar arthrotomy in most cases. The follow up period was minimally 12 months. Clinical results were evaluated using Neer scores, radiographic results and the presence of clinical complications. Results: According to the Neer scores, 18 cases (78.3%) showed satisfactory results and 5 cases (21.7%) unsatisfactory results. The average period until radiographic union was 16 weeks (range 11-20 weeks). As for alignment measured using the tibiofemoral angle, 2 cases showed valgus deformity and no posterior angulation was present over 10°. As for complications, 1 case showed a leg length discrepancy of 2 cm and 5 cases showed delayed union, which showed a gap radiographically between the bone fragment at the site of the fracture, and callus formation on ultrasound, but which did not need a bone graft. The radio-graphic union was achieved at the final follow-up. Conclusion: In the case of comminuted fractures of the distal femur, transarticular reconstruction and fixation by the MIPPO technique using DCS could reduce complications including non-union and infection.

전방 십자인대 재건술후 가속재활 프로그램이 슬관절 기능에 미치는 영향

이범구(Beom Koo Lee),문도현(Do Hyun Moon),고진홍(Jin Hong Ko),김영규(Young Kyu Kim),이수찬(Su Chan Lee),박홍기(Hong Ki Park),정준모(Jun MO Jung),고영규(Young Kyu Ko) 대한정형외과학회 1998 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.33 No.5