Development of Damage Detection Method in Soybean Seeds Using Hyperspectral Visible/Near Infrared (VIS/NIR) Imaging Technique

( Lalit Mohan Kandpal ),( Byoung Kwan Cho ) 한국농업기계학회 2013 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.18 No.2

Review : A Review of the Applications of Spectroscopy for the Detection of Microbial Contaminations and Defects in Agro Foods

( Lalit Mohan Kandpal ),( Byoung Kwan Cho ) 한국농업기계학회 2014 바이오시스템공학 Vol.39 No.3

Recently, spectroscopy has emerged as a potential tool for quality evaluation of numerous food and agricultural products because it provides information regarding both spectral distribution and image features of the sample (i.e., hyperspectral imaging). Spectroscopic techniques reveal hidden information regarding the sample and do so in a non-destructive manner. This review describes the various approaches of spectroscopic modalities, especially hyperspectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopies (i.e., Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy) combined with chemometrics for the non-destructive assessment of contaminations and defects in agro-food products.

Effects of insecticides on apple borers when treated after boring inside the apple

Lalit Prasad Sah,Seon A Jeong,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

The study investigated the chemical treatment effects on apple borers (Lepidoptera: Totricidae, Carposinidae) when the larvae already bored inside the apple fruits. Infested apple fruits were harvested from the insecticide-free orchards in Giran, Andong on 17 July, 2010. Twenty chemical pesticides registered for the apple borers were treated on recommendation dose with dipping methods. Each treatment consisted of 20 infested apples with average 6.2 larva per apple. Mortality was relatively low, mostly 10% and a few with 30~40%. No larva died inside the apple. But dying larva escaped from apple much earlier than live ones. However there was significant sublethal effect.. Escaping time (d) from chemical treatments was longer than that from control where no chemical was treated. After escaping from the apple, in took ap. 2days to become pupae. Pupal periods were ap. 12 days without any difference among treatments. However adult emergence rate was higher in control (10.7%) than in treatments (18.5%). Among survived adults, one third was Carposina sasakii and remaining was Grapholita molesta. On conclusion, timing of insecticide spray is critical in the apple borer management.

Preventive effect of gymnema sylvestre homeopathic preparation on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic nephropathy in rats

Lalit Kishore,Randhir Singh 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2017 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.17 No.3

Diabetic nephropathy is a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus. Chronic hyperglycemia leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress. Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of homeopathic preparation of Gymnema sylvestre Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies on diabetic nephropathy in Wistar rats. Diabetic nephropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) 15 min after Nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Rats were divided into six groups (n = 6). Group 1 and 2 was kept normal control and diabetic control respectively whereas Groups 3–5 consist of diabetic nephropathy rats treated with different doses of G. sylvestre Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies for 45 days. Glimepride (10 mg/kg) was used as standard. Diabetic nephropathy was assessed by determining serum glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine level and tissue histological examination. Tissue antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, LPO) level was measured to assess the oxidative stress. Also the level of advanced glycation end products in kidney was determined. Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies of G. sylvestre produced significant attenuation in the biochemical parameters used to assess diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, oxidative stress and AGE’s level in kidney was also found to be significantly reduced. So, it can be concluded that Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies of G. sylvestre have protective effect against diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of Oxidative stress and AGE’s.

Embolization of the Device to the Left Pulmonary Artery after the Interventional Closure of Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm

Lalit Kumar Choudhry,Vinay M Rao,Birla Roy Gnanamuthu,Vishal Agrawal,Ravi Shankar,Ram Prasath 대한흉부외과학회 2015 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.48 No.3

Formation of an aneurysm in the sinus of Valsalva of the aortic root is usually due to an area of congenital weakness in its wall. This aneurysm may progressively dilate and rupture into any of the cardiac chambers or into the pericardial cavity. Though this is conventionally treated by surgery, interventional therapy using various closure devices is becoming more common. Embolization of these closure devices may occur. We report a case of embolization of such a device into the left pulmonary artery which during surgical retrieval, unmasked the hidden ventricular septal defect (VSD). Therefore one has to be cautious while making a diagnosis of rupture of the sinus of Valsalva of right coronary sinus without VSD.

Hyperspectral imaging technique for detection of API contents in pharmaceutical powder blends

( Lalit Mohan Kandpal ),( Anisur Rahman ),( Santosh Lohumi ),( Byoung-kwan Cho ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.21 No.2

Currently, many offline technology (e.g., HPLC) is used in quality testing of pharmaceutical medications. However, such technique used for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) monitoring are time consuming, and often destructive. Hence, more rapid and accurate techniques are needed for real-time testing and validation of the final product. In this study, the hyperspectral image monitoring technique was used to characterize the API of powder blend samples. The powder blends were prepared using a V-blender device to mix the API formulation excipients. The reflectance spectra of powder samples were obtained using a HSI system at a wavelength range from 400-2500 nm (visible near infrared and shortwave infrared HSI). A partial least square regression (PLSR) model was developed for the prediction of the API concentration. The overall model performed a strong coefficient of determination (R²p) of 0.99 along with a lowest error (RMSEP) of 0.85mg, for API prediction. Furthermore, concentration-mapped images not only provided the spatial distribution of the predicted API concentration into the powder surface but were also useful to ensure the specific API concentration was added in the final dosage from. The binary images of PLSR model detects all the pixels that are corresponding to the API component. Based on this observation, we concluded the PLSR model developed with HSI could be used to easily predict and visualize the API distribution in powder samples.

Control of Time-dependent Effects in Steel-concrete Composite Frames

Lalit Kumar Varshney,K. A. Patel,Sandeep Chaudhary,A.K. Nagpal 한국강구조학회 2013 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.13 No.4

Studies are presented for the control of time-dependent effects of creep and shrinkage in steel-concrete composite frames withpre-cast concrete slab for both shored and un-shored constructions. A developed hybrid procedure has been used for carryingout the studies. The procedure accounts for creep, shrinkage and progressive cracking in concrete slab panels. Two frames, asingle storey and a five storey frame are considered. It is shown that, for both the types of constructions, shored and un-shored,the increase in bending moments and mid-span deflections can be controlled to a significant degree, without putting constraintson design parameters, by simply delaying the time of mobilization of composite action between the pre-cast concrete slabpanels and the steel section. It is also found that though there is insignificant effect of type of construction on bending moments,the percentage change in mid-span deflection due to creep and shrinkage is significantly higher for shored construction.

Development of Overwintering Oriental Fruit Moth Larvae, Grapholita molesta(Busck) Even Under The Lower Developmental Threshold Temperature

Lalit Prasad Sah,Jeong Joon Ahn,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05

Many insects overwinter in diapause in the temperate region. Winter diapause often terminates far yearly than our thought, eg. Many in December. After diapause termination, insect becomes in quiescence. The lower developmental threshold of overwintering Oriental fruit moth larvae is in the range of 7.5-8.4℃ depending on the geographic location. We have determined the developmental period of overwintering OFM larvae from the time series interval collection. Collections were made from mid Jan to late March at 10d interval. Collected larvae were held in a cold chamber at 6°C for 5 days, and then subjected at 20°C with 75% R.H., 16:8(L:D).hr. The developmental period from overwintering cocooned larvae to adults was longest in mid. January collections, became shorter after 31 Jan. collection, then gradually decreased until mid March. Cocooned larvae developmental period became shorter after 31 Jan. while that of pupae became shorter after 20 Feb. During this study, female ratio was not different to 0.5. Mortality of winter collected larvae to adults was 45% including 30% parasitism. Partial explanation of the insect development under the lower developmental threshold was discussed; limitation of linear model estimation, temperature data quality and physiological metabolism after diapause termination. From January to February, daily average temperature fluctuated but under the lower developmental threshold. However, daily maximum temperature became noticeably higher than the lower developmental threshold after 20 Jan. However, this result indicates that after late Jan, physiological state of OFM is altered.

Overwintering sites for Oriental Fruit Moth Larvae, Grapholita molesta (Busck) in Korean Apple Orchard Systems

Lalit Prasad Sah,Jeong Joon Ahn,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Insects in temperate climate zones are challenged to endure harsh temperature regimes and the absence of food resources during winter. Many insects overwinter in diapause at different sites. The overwintering sites differ according to the insect species. The study was conducted to investigate the overwintering sites between the two orchard systems for the Grapholita molesta larvae. Overwintering sites of Grapholita molesta were found different between apple grafting systems. More individuals favored the side branches and main bottom trunk as overwintering sites in big tree system (M26) and in dwarf grafting high density system (M9) respectively. There was no significant different between M9 and M26 cultivars in the relative proportion of larvae. However, significant differences were found in the interaction between the overwintering sites and the two M9 and M26 cultivar orchard systems. The natural mortality from the field was estimated as 22.1% and 18.3% from dwarfing, high density orchards and the big tree orchard systems respectively. This study provides valuable information and guidelines to understand the major overwintering sites within different orchard systems for scheduling management actions against spring adult moths population emergence.

Temporal pattern of apple borers infestation and escape in late season

Lalit Prasad Sah,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

Apple borers such as oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Totricidae), and peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) can reduce the yield and its quality if not managed properly. Even peach fruit moth infestation in harvested apple could produce quarantine problem in exportation. We investigated the temporal distribution of apple borers infestation in an apple orchard where the infestation level of fruit was around 95% from September to early December, 2010. Every week, 150 apples were harvested from the apple orchard in Giran, Andong, Korea and 50 apples were cut to monitor the number of larval infestation. At the same time another 100 apples were kept in plastic container inside and outside the laboratory 50 each to check the escape of the infested larvae for overwintering cocoon formation. All larvae collected were identified based on the morphology and also verified by DNA sequence. The study indicates that the numbers of the infested larvae increased from September to October second week and then slightly decreased until early December with similar number of holes per apple. The holes produced by the escaping larvae were mostly found on dorsal side of the apple, but less on basal portion. Most of the infested larvae escaped from apple during late October to early November. Based on morphological characters such as anal comb, crocket and pupation shelter, the collected larvae were identified. 42.31% of larvae were G.molesta, 52.59% of larvae were C.sasakii and 5.10% were other species not identified.