http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Epidemiology and disease characteristics of symptomatic choledocholithiasis in Sri Lanka
Waduthanthri Supun Lakmal De S,Ajith Aloka Pathirana,Thejana Kamil Wijerathne,Bawantha Dilshan Gamage,Buddhika Kemiya Dassanayake,Mohan Malith De Silva 한국간담췌외과학회 2019 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.23 No.1
Backgrounds/Aims: Published data on choledocholithiasis in Sri Lanka is scarce. This study was conducted to determine epidemiological, clinical and endoscopic characteristics of choledocholithiasis in Sri Lanka. Methods: This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients for a period of three years until April 2016. The sample included patients from many parts of the island. Patients were selected from the endoscopy database of the unit and the data were collected from the records of the patients. Results: A total of 253 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 53.6 years. Patients presented with obstructive jaundice (58.5%), cholangitis (25.3%), biliary colic or upper abdominal pain (14.2%) and acute biliary pancreatitis (1.8%). There were 26 (10.3%) post cholecystectomy patients. Concomitant gallbladder stones were found in 173 patients (68.4%). Juxta-papillary diverticula were found in 36 patients (14.2%). Twenty-one (8.3%) and nine patients (3.6%) were found to have choledochal cysts and common bile duct strictures, respectively. Stones were commonly found in the distal common bile duct (68.4%). A majority of the patients had a single stone (47.8%). In 209 patients (79.6%), the size of the largest stones measured between 0.5-1.5 cm. Conclusions: Choledocholithiasis is a disease affecting middle-aged population with predominance among females in Sri Lanka. Patients with symptomatic choledocholithiasis commonly present with obstructive jaundice. In the present study, most of the stones were formed in anatomically normal biliary systems. Stones were predominantly distal, single and measured 0.5-1.5 cm in size. The observed features were favorable features for successful endoscopic clearance. None of the patients included in the study had primary CBD stones according to the available criteria.
구범우,Su Y. Choi,최영수,Guowei Cai,Lakmal Seneviratne,임춘택 한국원자력학회 2016 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.48 No.4
In this paper, new tethered aerial robots including roaming tethered aerial robots (RTARs)for radioactive material sampling and stationary tethered aerial robots (STARs) for environmentmonitoring are proposed to meet extremely-long-endurance missions of nuclearpower plants. The flight of the proposed tethered aerial robots may last for a few days oreven a few months as long as the tethered cable provides continuous power. A high voltageAC or DC power system was newly adopted to reduce the mass of the tethered cable. TheRTAR uses a tethered cable spooled from the aerial robot and an aerial tension controlsystem. The aerial tension control system provides the appropriate tension to the tetheredcable, which is accordingly laid down on the ground as the RTAR roams. The STAR includesa tethered cable spooled from the ground and a ground tension control system, whichenables the STAR to reach high altitudes. Prototypes of the RTAR and STAR were designedand successfully demonstrated in outdoor environments, where the load power, powertype, operating frequency, and flight attitude of the RTAR and STAR were: 180 W, AC100 kHz, and 20 m; and 300 W, AC or DC 100 kHz, and 80 m, respectively.
Future Prospects and Health Benefits of Functional Ingredients from Marine Bio-resources: A review
Samarakoon, Kalpa W.,Elvitigala, Don Anushka Sandaruwan,Lakmal, H.H. Chaminda,Kim, Young-Mog,Jeon, You-Jin The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2014 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.17 No.3
The marine ecosystem represents a vast and dynamic array of bio-resources attributed with its huge diversity and considered as potential untapped reservoirs for the development of functional foods for future health markets. Basically, marine microorganisms, sponges, algae, invertebrates such as crustaceans and mollusks along with marine fish species can be considered as marine bio-resources, which can be utilized to obtain different health benefits for humans, directly or after processing. Most of the bio-molecular components, such as lipids and proteins from these marine bio-resources, which can be extracted in large scale using the modern and advanced biotechnological approaches, are suitable drug candidates for the pharmaceutical industry as well as functional food ingredients for the food industry. Moreover, the furtherance of high throughput molecular biological techniques has already been incorporated with identification, mining and extraction of molecular components from marine bio-resources. In this review, potential marine bio-resources with respect to their extractable bio-molecules were described in details, while explaining the present and prospective methods of identification and extraction, which are integrated with advanced techniques in modern biotechnology. In addition, this provides an overview of future trends in marine biotechnology.
Effects of two litter amendments on air NH<sub>3</sub> levels in broiler closed-houses
Atapattu, N.S.B.M,Lakmal, L.G.E.,Perera, P.W.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.10
Objective: High $NH_3$ emissions from poultry houses are reported to have negative impacts on health, welfare and safety of birds and humans, and on the environment. Objective of the present study was to determine the effects of two litter amendments on the $NH_3$ levels in broiler closed houses under hot-humid conditions. Methods: Giving a completely randomize design, nine closed houses, each housed 32,500 birds on paddy husk litter, were randomly allocated into two treatment (Mizuho; a bacterial culture mix and Rydall OE; an enzymatic biocatalyst) and control groups. $NH_3$ levels were determined thrice a day (0600, 1200, and 1800 h), at three heights from the litter surface (30, 90, and 150 cm), at 20 predetermined locations of a house, from day 1 to 41. Results: Rydall significantly reduced the $NH_3$ level compared to control and Mizuho. $NH_3$ levels at 30 cm were significantly higher than that of 90 and 150 cm. The $NH_3$ levels at 30 cm height were higher than 25 ppm level from day 9, 11, and 13 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 41. $NH_3$ levels at 150 cm height were higher than maximum threshold limit of 50 ppm for human exposure from day 12, 14, and 15 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 33. Being significantly different among each other, the $NH_3$ level was highest and lowest at 0600 and 1800 h. Litter amendments had no significant effects on growth performance. Rydall significantly increased the litter N content on day 24. Conclusion: It was concluded that the $NH_3$ levels of closed house broiler production facilities under tropical condition are so high that both birds and workers are exposed to above recommended levels during many days of the growing period. Compared to microbial culture, the enzymatic biocatalyst was found to be more effective in reducing $NH_3$ level.
Dongming Gan,Jian S Dai,Jorge Dias,Lakmal Seneviratne 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.10
This paper investigates various topologies and mobility of a class of metamorphic parallel mechanisms synthesized with reconfigurablerTPS limbs. Based on the reconfigurable Hooke (rT) joint, the rTPS limb has two phases which result in parallel mechanisms havingability of mobility change. While in one phase the limb has no constraint to the platform, in the other it constrains the spherical joint centerto lie on a plane which is used to demonstrate different topologies of the nrTPS metamorphic parallel mechanisms by investigatingvarious relations (parallel or intersecting) among the n constraint planes (n = 2,3,..,6). Geometric constraint equations of the platformrotation matrix and translation vector are set up based on the point-plane constraint, which reveals mobility and redundant geometricconditions of the mechanism topologies. By altering the limbs into the non-constraint phase without constraint plane, new mechanismphases are deduced with mobility change based on each mechanism topology.