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학령전환기 아동의 사회적 유능감이 행복감에 미치는 영향 : 학교적응의 매개효과 중심으로
김경화 ( Kim¸ Kyunghwa ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2020 교육문화연구 Vol.26 No.4
본 연구는 학령 전환기 아동이 새로운 환경에 적응하는 것이 중요하다는 점을 반영하여 사회적 유능감이 학교적응을 매개로 행복감에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 특히, 학교는 유아학교에서 초등 교육기관으로 전환 되었다는 점에서 중요한 변수 이므로 학교적응 전체뿐만 아니라 하위 요인별로 매개효과를 검증 하였다. 연구방법으로는 육아정책연구소의 한국아동페널 7차년도(2014년)와 8차년도(2015년) 데이터를 사용하였다. 변인과 관련하여 결측값이 발생한 데이터를 제거하여 총 866명의 응답 자료를 바탕으로 Hayes(2018)가 제안한 PROCESS macro의 model 4번을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 간접효과는 부스트랩 샘플을 5,000개로 지정하여 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학교적응은 사회적 유능감이 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 매개효과는 부분매개로 나타났다. 둘째, 학교생활적응은 유아기의 사회적 유능감이 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는데 있어 매개효과가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 학업수행적응은 유아기의 사회적 유능감이 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는데 있어 매개효과 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 매개효과는 부분매개로 나타났다. 넷째, 또래관계는 유아기의 사회적 유능감이 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는데 있어 매개효과 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 매개효과는 부분매개로 나타났다. 다섯째, 교사관계는 유아기의 사회적 유능감이 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는데 있어 매개효과 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 매개효과는 부분매개로 나타났다. 이는 유아기 사회적 유능감이 높을수록 아동의 학교적응과 행복감이 높아질 수 있음을 알 수 있다. This study analyzed the effect of social competence on happiness through the mediating effect of school adaptation, reflecting the importance of adapting to a new environment during the transitional period of school age. Especially, since school is an important variable in that it transitioned from a childhood school to an elementary education institution, the mediating effect was verified not only for the overall school adaptation but also for each sub-variant. As for the research method, Korean Institute of dhild care and education's Korean Children's Panel data from the 7th year(2014) and 8th year(2015) were used. After removing data with missing values related to the variables, The data was analyzed using model 4 of the process macro proposed by Hayes(2018) based on a total of 866 responses. Indirect effects were analyzed with 5,000 bootstrap samples. The findings are as follows. First, school adaptation shows social competence has a mediating effect on child’s happiness. The mediating effect is partial mediation. Second, school life adaptation does not show early childhood’s social competence has a mediating effect on child’s happiness. Third, academic performance adaptation shows that early childhood’s social competence has a mediating effect on child’s happiness. The mediating effect is partial mediation. Fourth, peer adaptation shows social competence has a mediating effect on child’s happiness. The mediating effect is partial mediation. Fifth, teacher adaptation shows early childhood's competence has a mediating effect on child’s happiness. The mediating effect is partial mediation. This study shows that the higher the early childhood’s social competence, the higher child’s school adaptation and happiness.
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Kyung Hwa,Hyung-Myung Kim IEEE 2011 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.10 No.7
<P>Use of the space-frequency block coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SFBC-OFDM) is advantageous in high-mobility broadband wireless system but it is sensitive to the intercarrier interference (ICI) caused by phase noise (PHN). In this letter, the effect of PHN for Alamouti SFBC-OFDM system is analyzed and correlative coding (CC) is used to reduce ICI. Based on the expression of the ICI power for the Alamouti SFBC-OFDM system with CC, the optimal CC coefficients that minimize the ICI power are obtained. Numerical results show that optimum CC can effectively increase the carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) and improve the bit error rate (BER) performance.</P>
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독서경험과 교사의 질문유형이 유아의 언어창의성 증진에 미치는 효과
이경화(Lee Kyunghwa),박숙희(Park Sookhee),이명애(Lee Myoungae) 한국창의력교육학회 2002 창의력교육연구 Vol.5 No.1
This research was for finding, in reading education during a picture book activity, how the teachers question types with interaction of the children s experience of reading affected the creativity of language. For this purpose, laying stress on imagination, fluency and originality, which were components of creativity, we established the following research problems. 1. Is there any difference of improving the creativity of language in depending on the teachers question types (divergent and convergent) in reading education? 2. Is there any difference of improving the creativity of language in depending on the children s reading experience (high and low) after reading education? 3. Is there any distinctive effect on improving creativity of language among the four groups composed in depending on the reading experience (high and low) and question types (divergent and convergent)? The subjects of this research were 40 six-year-old children at S kindergarten located at Shingil-dong, Youngdeungpo-gu, in Seoul. Out of all the 65 children of the 2 classes, 40children were selected according as the result of questionnaires for finding the children s reading experiences. And children were divided into four experimental groups (20 children in reading experience group and 20 children in low reading experience group). The research tool which was used in this study was [the integrated creativity test for children] by Kyunghwa Lee et al. to test the children’s creativity. The integrated creativity test as a standardized test was organized to test the children s creative ability and inclination in integration. The sub-groups of creative ability test were language and figure and the sub-factors were imagination, fluency and originality. In this study, only the test of creative ability was used and the test of language creativity was utilized. The experiments were executed ten times (2 or three times a week) for four weeks. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. The results of this research were as follows; First, in reading education with a picture book, the children who educated by using convergent questions were improved in the creativity of language more than the children who educated by using divergent questions. Second, the differences between the children who had high reading experience and the children who had low reading experience were significant statistically with P<0.5 in imagination, fluency and originality through reading education for improvement of creativity. Therefore, the children who had high reading experience were improved in the creativity of language through reading education by divergent questions more than the children who had low reading experience. Third, the teachers question types had distinctive influences on the four groups differently in depending on children’s reading experience. In imagination, the differences among groups were significant with P<0.5 statically. In the concrete, the high reading experience group with divergent and convergent questions had some significant differences with the low reading experience group. The results of the study show that the language using method and proper question types of parents and teachers in consideration of the babyhood s distinction were significant factors to improve the children s creativity. Therefore, these results would be very useful for children to form a proper reading habit and sense of value through making good reading environment in childhood. 본 연구의 목적은 동화활동에서 유아의 읽기지도시 교사의 질문유형이 유아의 독서경험과 상호작용에서 언어창의성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보려는 것이다. 연구 대상은 서울시 영등포구 신길동에 소재한 S유치원의 6세반 유아 40명이다. 2개 학급의 전체유아 65명 유아중 독서경험을 알아보기 위한 설문조사 결과에 따라 40명을 선정하여 독서경험 상위집단에 20명, 독서경험 하위집단에 20명을 할당하여 4개의 실험집단을 구성하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 첫째 동화를 활용하여 읽기지도 수렴적 질문을 사용해 읽기지도를 받은 유아는 확산적질문에 의해 읽기지도를 받은 유아에 비해 언어창의성을 더 의의 있게 향상시킬 수 있었다. 둘째, 독서경험이 많은 유아들은 독서경험이 적은 유아들에 비해 창의력 증진을 위한 읽기수업을 통하여 상상력, 유창성, 독창성에 있어서 집단간에 p<.05 수준에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 교사의 절문유행은 유아의 독서경험에 따라 네 집단간에 있어서 차별적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 상상력에 있어서 집단간에 p<.05 수준에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 즉, 확산적 질문을 받은 독서경험 상집단과 수렴적 질문을 받은 독서경험 상집단에 비해 독서경험 하집단에 있어서 유의미한 차이가 있었다.
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The Effect of Cognitive Intervention on Cognitive Improvement in Patients with Dementia
Kyunghwa Jo,주진형,Young-Ju Mun,Yeon Mi Kim,김성훈,김성헌,이승환,장재원 대한치매학회 2018 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.17 No.1
Background and Purpose: The effect of cognitive intervention in patients with dementia is inconsistent. This study sought to find out the effect of cognitive intervention by measuring interval change between before and after intervention. Methods: We evaluated cognitive changes according to clinical diagnostic group across Gangwon province for 940 patients with dementia diagnosed at hospital clinics and 2,975 subjects without dementia. All subjects were treated with cognitive intervention. They underwent a cognitive and mood assessment before and after intervention. We used interval change of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores as a primary measure of interventional outcome. Results: Changes in mean MMSE score were significantly different between the nondementia group and the dementia group ( p =0.016), with changes of 0.7±2.4 and 1.0±3.7 points (±standard deviation), respectively. Cognitive improvement regarding completion of session was significantly higher in the dementia group ( p =0.001), with changes of 0.41±4.51 for uncompleted group and 1.30±3.22 points for completed ones. Lower initial MMSE scores, lower age, and type of intervention were found to be independent predictive factors of subsequent cognitive changes as indicated by mean MMSE scores. Conclusions: These findings suggest that cognitive intervention might be useful for patients with dementia. Their response to treatment might be related to the type of intervention.
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