식사대용 식품(Ready-to-eat meals) 중 병원성 세균의 분포와 항생제 감수성 양상

홍은경,김윤아,이도경,강병용,하남주,Hong, Eun-Kyung,Kim, Yun-A,Lee, Do-Kyung,Kang, Byung-Yong,Ha, Nam-Joo 한국미생물학회 2006 미생물학회지 Vol.42 No.4

This study was performed in order to measure the level of food-borne pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance pattern of found ready to eat meals such as Him-bap, Cho-bap, Hamburger, Sandwich and packed lunch boxes. A total of 497 samples were collected from supermarket and department of Seoul, Kyung-ki, Inctleon, Kang-won, Chung-Cheong from November, 2005 to March, 2006. The contaminated microorganisms were in most cases tract relative strain like E. coli and S. aureus. Result have shown E. coli was detected 4 strains and S. aureus was detected 22 strains. 26 strains were also tested the antibiotic resistance pattern. 26 strains were shown to be relatively susceptible to synercid, vancomycin, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, lincomycn, cefotaxime, meropenem, cephalosporin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid by the MIC dilution method, but E. coli 1 strain was resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.

주의력결핍 과잉활동 장애 아동에서 약물 단독 치료와 부모 훈련 병합 치료의 효과 비교

홍강의,오경자,신민섭 대한소아·청소년정신의학회 1995 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

소아청소년 정신과병동 입원아동의 학대에 대한 임상 연구

홍강의,이수경 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1999 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.10 No.2

남자대학생의 흡연태도와 행동에 관한 연구

강경진,김정미,민혜영,안소진,오경숙,은경희,이현,이희선,홍주미,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

There have been so many researches about problems of cigarettes and relation of smoking and heath since 1950's and generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor of increasing disease and mortality. No matter what such many proofs about various problems of smoking have been researched, smoking rate of current male collage students has not been decreased. Besides, most of the researches about cigarette use and its addiction have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers or adult male, not male collage student. Therefore, the subject of this study is about smoking attitude and smoking behavior of male collage students by general features. Smoking attitude was analyzed by modifying 'Guidelines for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population'(WHO, 1982). Two hundred of male collage students participated to the distributed questionnaire for one week in May. The smoking attitude was categorized into duration of smoking and number of cigarette per day(CPD), and nicotine dependency, investigated by Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) (Fagerstorm & Schneider, 1989). All statistics were performed by procedure of SAS according to number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking attitude level was mean 25.73±5.15 marks, ranging from 13 to 39 marks of the total 40 marks. 2. Duration of cigarettes, number of cigarette per day, and nicotine dependency were mean 5.14±2.84 years, 12.88±6.85 pieces, and 4.78±1.69, respectively. 3. Smoking attitude showed significance according to general features such as marital state and allowance, but the significance according to marital state is not valuable because the numerical difference is so big between married one and single that they cannot be compared with each other. 4. Duration of smoking was significant according to general features such as age and allowance. 5. Smoking amount showed significance the factors of age only. 6. ll1ere was no significance in nicotine dependency according to general features. As a result, smoking attitude of male collage student in this study shows moderate level. Smoking attitude and duration is significant according to allowance, and smoking amount is significant according to age. Nicotine dependency according to general features is not significant but comparing with the preceding study about adult male, male collage students in this study are respectively more nicotine-dependent than adult male smokers. In conclusion, the right allowance usage strategies and effective heath education focused on the young are needed. In addition, helpful programs and information spreading strategies are necessary for establishing higher level of smoking attitude. At last, systemic regulations in daily living for ""anti-nico-dependent"" and perspective reforming of male university student are needed for reducing nicotine dependency.

부모설문에 의한 아동의 행동문제분석 : 예비적 연구 A Prelimary Study

홍강의,홍경자 大韓神經精神醫學會 1983 신경정신의학 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 일반한국 아동의 행동, 정서 문제에 관한 광범위한 역학조사의 예비연구로서 아동의 정서, 행동 문제에 관한 부모설문이 소아정신과 분야에서 진단적인 이용가치가 있고 타당한 것인가를 검증하기 위해 실시되었다. 대상은 소아정신과 외래환자 연 105명과 소아과 외래환자 연 95명이었고 이들 부모에게 60문항으로 된 증상항목 각각에 "문제가 안된다, 조금 문제다, 상당히 문제다, 매우 문제다"의 네 정도 중 하나를 표시하게 하였고 이를 0, 1, 2, 3로 점수화 하였다. 결과를 요약하면, 1. 60항목중 47항목에서 소아정신과 군이, 13항목에서는 소아과군이 높은 점수를 보였는데 그 차이점은 통계적으로 모두 유의하였다. 각 항목 평균 점수의 총점은 소아정신과군이 47.53으로 소아과군의 33.18보다 월등히 높았다(p<0.001). 2. 60항목을 8가지 증상종류로 나누어 비교하였는데 신체증상군을 제외한 나머지 7가지 증상종류(불안·강박·정신분열증상, 우울 ·철퇴, 미숙 ·과잉운동, 비행공격성, 잔인성)에서 모두 소아정신과군이 높았다(p<0.05∼0.001). 3. 증상을 내향성증상군과 외향성증상군으로 나누어 비교한 결과 역시 소아정신과군이 높은 점수를 보였다(p<0.001). 4. 소아정신과군내의 진단에 따른 외향성 및 내향성 증상 점수를 살펴본 결과 내향성증상점수는 유의한 차이가 없는 반면 외향성 증상군의 점수는 진단간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 5. 진단의 종류에 따라 문제행동 양상이 달랐다. 이상의 결과로 부모설문이 소아정신과군과 기타 대조군은 구별할 수 있고 소아정신과적 진단에도 도움이 된다는 결론을 얻었다. This is a preliminary work for the extensive epidemiologic survey of behavior problems in Korean children. A questionaire of 60 behavior items was constructed from several questionarires reported in the literature and author's clinical experiences. Parents of 105 child psychiatric outpatient and 95 pediatric outpatients at the Seoul National University Hospital were asked to check one of the 4 boxes("Never", "Sometimes", "Often", "Very often") for each behavior item, and the parental ratings were scored as 0, 1, 2, 3 accordingly. The two groups were compared in terms of mean score for each item and total mean score of 8 symptom categories (1) Anxious-obssessive (2) Somatic complaints (3) Schizoid (4) Depressed, withdrawal (5) Immature, hyperactive (6) Delinquent (7) Aggressive (8) Cruel. The former 4 categories were grouped as Internalizing categories and the latter 4 as Externalizing categories. Internalizing/externalizing scores of psychiatric subject with different diagnoses and behavior symptom profiles of 5 different diagnoses were looked at. The results were as follows: 1. Child psychiatric group showed higher mean score in 47 items than pediatric group. Meanwhile, pediatric group rated higher in 13 items which tended to be less serious behavior symptoms. The differences in all items were statistically significant. The sum of mean scores of 60 items were 47.53 in child psychiatriatric group and 33.18 in pediatric group. (p<0.001). 2. Psychiatric group was also higher in the total scores in 7 of 8 symptom categories except "Somatic complaints" which were not different between two groups. 3. Psychiatric group was higher in the sum of mean scores of Internalizing categories and Externalizing categories (p<0.001). 4. In comparing different child psychiatric diagnoses, it was noted that externalizing categories were more discriminant than internalizing categories. 5. Behavior profiles in 5 diagnoses (Emotional-neurotic disorder, Autism, Attention deficit disorder, Brain damage and Mental retardation) were derived by plotting mean percentage scores of 8 symptom categories. Emotional-neurotic disorder showed higher scores in internalizing categories, and lower scores in externalizing categories while the rest 4 diagnoses showed low internalizing scores and high externalizing scores. Therefore it appears that behavior profile can be utilized as a diagnostic tool. In conculsion, parental behavior symptom questionaire can be used not only as a simple tool for epidemiologic survey but also as an aid in child psychiatric diagnoses.

제주지역에서 소비되는 식품 중 ^(137)Cs과 ^(40)K 방사능 농도

강태우,홍경애,박원표,유장걸 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2003 연구보고 Vol.17 No.-

본 연구는 제주지역에서 소비되는 식품류 중의 ^(137)Cs과 ^(40)K 방사능 농도를 조사하여, 식품 섭취에 따른 ^(137)Cs과 ^(40)K에 의한 내부피폭선량의 값을 평가함으로써 만일의 원자력사고로 인한 방사능 오염에 대처할 수 있는 기초 자료를 확보하고자 수행하였다. 시료로 채취한 식품류는 농산물 31, 축산물 6, 수산물 12, 임산물 4, 가공식품(차류) 3종류였고 방사능 분석은 고순도 게르마늄검출기가 장착된 감마선분광계로 수행하였다. 시료 중 ^(137)Cs 방사능 농도범위는 농산물이 MDA이하~650 mBq/㎏·fresh, 축산물은 16.6~542 Bq/㎏·fresh, 임산물 MDA이하~131 mBq/㎏·fresh, 수산물 39.1~294 Bq/㎏·fresh, 그리고 가공식품은 MDA이하~834 mBq/㎏·fresh이었다. ^(40)K의 경우는 농산물85.5~l16 Bq/㎏·fresh, 축산물 MDA이하~246 mBq/㎏·fresh, 임산물 50.1~657 mBq/㎏·fresh, 수산물 32.0~483 mBq/㎏·fresh 그리고 가공식품 33.6~l,065 Bq/㎏·fresh 범위였다. 시료 중 ^(137)Cs 방사능 농도가 가장 높은 것은 표고버섯으로 834 mBq/㎏·fresh이었으며, ^(40)K은 커피가 1.065 mBq/㎏·fresh로 가장 높았다. 각 식품류 중 ^(137)Cs와 ^(40)K에 의한 연간 유효선량은 농산물이 66.543 nSv로 가장 높았고, 축산물 19,311, 가공식품(차류) 6.648, 수산물 6,579, 임산물 850 순으로 낮았으며 이것을 모두 합한 총 연간 유효선량 값은 99,941 nSv이었다. 본 연구에 포함된 식품의 1인당 연간 섭취량이 연간 식품 총 섭취량의 60%임을 감안해도 자연환경 중에서 이루어지는 외부피폭에 의한 연간 유효선량 2,400,000 nSv에 비하면 무시할 정도로 평상시 식품섭취에 의한 방사선 내부피폭은 매우 미량이었다. 이상의 자료는 유사시 방사선에 의한 식품류 오염정도를 식별하는데 필수불가결할 것으로 사료된다. This work was conducted to provide the reference data of radioactivity in the foodstuffs at a radiological emergency situation in Jeju Island. The foodstuffs sampled were agricultural(31), livestock(6), marine(12) and forest products(4), and processed foods(3) consumed by Jeju Islanders. ^(137)Cs and ^(40)K activities were determined by HPGe γ-ray spectrometry. The activity ranges of ^(137)Cs were <MDA(less than minimum detectable activity)∼650 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the agricultural products, <MDA∼131 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the livestock, <MDA∼834 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the marine, <MDA∼246 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the forest and 32.0∼483 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the processed foods(tea). In case of ^(40)K, the activity ranges were 16.6∼542 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the agricultural products, 39.1∼294 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the livestock, 85.5∼116 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the marine, 50.1∼657 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the forest, and 33.6∼1,065 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the processed foods(tea). The highest activity of ^(137)Cs, 834 m㏃/㎏·fresh in was observed in oak mushroom and ^(40)K, 1,065 ㏃/㎏·fresh in coffee. Annual effective doses of ^(137)Cs and ^(40)K by intake of foodstuffs per capita were the following order ; agricultural products (66,543 n㏜) > livestock products (19,311 n㏜) > processed foods (6,648 n㏜) > marine products (6,579 n㏜) > forest products (860 n㏜). Therefor total annual effective dose was summed 99,941 n㏜ which is quite low level comparing to the annual effective dose byexternal exposure, 2,400,000 n㏜. The data obtained in this study can be useful for monitoring whether the foodstuffs are contaminated or not at an emergency radiation accident, and showed that the foodstuffs consumed in Jeju are safe in terms of annual effective dose of ^(137)Cs and ^(40)K.

KAL기 추락에 의한 대량재해의 개인식별

강신몽,이원태,고영창,최상규,김윤희,이홍석,서재관,윤중진,이혜경,최득린,김종열,윤창육,변명식,이장홍 大韓法醫學會 1991 대한법의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Individual identification is an important part in medicolegal field especially in mass disaster. At July, 27, 1989, KAL KE-803 was crashed on landing at Tripoli International Airport, Liba. The plane was caught in fire and sixty eight Koreans were sacrified. The majority of victims were severely charred and injured. The authors examed all dead bodies and successfully identified all the cases through visual, anthropological, odontological, radiological and pathological methods including fingerprint and blood typing.

소아정신과 외래환자의 과잉운동에 관한 연구 : (Ⅰ)Child Psychiatry and Pediatric Outpatients

홍강의,홍경자 최신의학사 1980 最新醫學 Vol.23 No.8

ZSM-5제올라이트 합성에 관한 연구

홍장후,정택서,강경묵,김운겸 서울産業大學校 1998 논문집 Vol.47 No.1

A pentasil zeolite. ZSM-5 was succesfully synthesized at low temperature and atmospheric pressure. The experinments were carried out in four different methods 1, 2 and 3 depending on the concentrations of water, organic template. TPABr (tetrapropy-lammonium bromide) and the presence or absence of seed, the overall molar composition used in this study was 7.83 Na₂O-0.25 Al₂O₃-100SiO₂-xTPABr-yH₂o where x is 1 and 3 mol, and y is 3000mol, 3500mol, and 4000mol. 2³factorial experiments were performed with the results of kinetics studies Na₂O, TPABr and H₂O as main factors, The result showed that the concentration of H₂O is the most important.

고주파 전극도자 절제술로 치료한 부자간에 발생한 Wolff-Parkinson-White 증후군

강보현,김현중,남궁준,김준수,홍경표,박정의,서정돈 대한순환기학회 2002 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.32 No.8