정상 한국인에서 연령증가에 따른 혈장 Dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate ( DHEA-S ) 농도 및 DHEA - S / cortisol 비의 변화

박성우,유형준,임성희,최문기,유재명,박민숙,이권엽,박철수,김철홍,김현규,김두만,박규용 대한내분비학회 1997 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.12 No.2

Backgroud: DHEA-S is the most abundant steroid hormone in circulation, and primarily secreted from the adrenal cortex, but its physiological role is little known. One of the characteristic features of DHEA-S is progressive decrement of plasma DHEA-S level with advancing age, in contrast, plasma levels of other adrenal hormones are not chaging or littie decreasing. To grasp the trends of plasma DHEA-S level and DHEA-S/cortisol ratio by age in healthy Korean, we measured the plasma DHEA-S levels and DHEA-S/cortisol ratios in healthy Korean. Methods: Healthy Korean(men: 99, women: 102, age range: 15-97 year old)were studied. Subjects were not taking drugs(such as glucocorticoid or androgenic medication) or cigarettes known to modify the plasma level of DHEA-S and cortisol, and had no evidence of hepatic, renal disease or hyperlipidemia as determined by serum lipid, bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, BUN, creatinine. Data were analyzed by 10-year age group for men and women: i.e, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40- 49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89 and 90 year or more. Plasma DHEA-S levels were measured by using a commercially available RIA kit with 125I labeled-DHEA-SO4(Coat-A Count DHEA-SO4), and for the measurement of plasma cortisol levels, commercial Gamma Coat TM[125I] Cortisol Radioimmunassay Kit was used. Results:. 1) In both men and women, plasma DHEA-S level showed high interindividual variation within the same age group. 2) There were individual sex differences in plasma levels of DHEA-S, in all age groups, plasma DHEA-S levels were significantly higher values for men than for women. 3) Maximum plasma DHEA-S levels(men; 237+-3.35 ug/dL, women; 108+-17.5 ug/dL) were at third decade in both men and women. 4) Both men and women showed the continuous decline in plasma DHEA-S level with age. These age-related decline was more prominent in men than in women(men; y= -3.152 * +292.6, r2= 0.8459, P$lt;0.05, women; y= -1.417 * +143.3, r2 = 0.7278, P$lt; 0.05). 5) As an index of aging, there was no stastical difference between DHEA-S and DHEA- S/cortisol ratio. Conclusion: In healthy Korean, there were high interindividual variation of plasrna DHEA-S levels. In both men and women plasma DHEA-S level was peak at third decade, and from when it declined progressively with age. These results suggest that although the reliability of single plasma DHEA-S measurement are limited, the decline of DHEA-S with advancing age might be a specific marker of endocrinologic hormonal milieu(aging index). Also, concerning to individual adrenal secreting capacity, we measured DHEA-S/cortisol ratio. But we did not found that plasma DHEA-S/cortisol ratio is superior to the plasma DHEA-S level as an aging index. (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 12:245-254, 1997)

Species Associations with Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Pinus rigida and Pyrola japonica

Huh, Man-Kyu,Huh, Hong-Wook,Kim, Chang-Ho The Ecological Society of Korea 1999 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.22 No.6

The spatial distributions of allelic frequencies and ecological traits by randomization were studied in the natural population of two species (Pinus rigida and Pyrola japonica). Both species showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation as measured by Moran's I. In P. rigida, the genetic similarity was shown in individuals within up to a scale of 18 m distance and this is partly due to combination of pollen and seed dispersal by wind or men. In P. japonica, significant spatial autocorrelation was consisted of a scale of 8 m intervals. These population structure in the distribution of allelic frequencies is related to mating systems such as outcrossing and vegetative spread. The results also indicate that positive species associations between P. rigida and P. japonica can occur when both species select the same habitat or require the same environmental conditions.

R.W. Emerson의 散文에 나타난 Self-Reliance의 硏究

韓圭萬 울산대학교 1982 연구논문집 Vol.13 No.1

R. W. Emerson은 19세기 美國作家들 가운데 가장 유명하고 영향력이 至大한 作家중의 한사람이다. 그는 New England Transcendentalism의 代辯人이었으며 그의 사랑의 핵심은 Self-Reliance이다. 그는 當代의 물질주의와 점증하는 産業主義를 못마땅하게 생각하였다. 그는 人間은 神의 形象대로 창조되었음을 주장하였고 自身의 영혼속에 있는 神의 音聲을 들어야 한다고 주장하였다. 따라서 진실한 인간이란 특히 學者는 Self-Reliance를 가져야 한다는 것이다. Self-Reliance의 사상은 Emerson의 全思想의 기초개념이다. 各 個人은 直觀을 통하여 神과 交通할 수 있으므로 결국 人間은 자신의 心性을 통하여 神性과 完全性을 획득할 수 있다는 것이다. 그러나 個人은 社會와 단절되어 살아갈수는 없다. 個人의 社會의식이 높아감에 따라, 人間은 社會에서의 자신의 위치를 찾게 되다. Emerson은 자신의 職分을 詩人으로 확신하였다. 詩人에게는 말한다는 사실이 하나의 行動이었다. 많은 비평가들은 Emerson의 활동시기를 前後期로 나누어 前期에는 社會와 國家, 그리고 敎會를 부인하였고 後期에 와서는 거기에 順應하게 되었다고 주장한다. 그러나 그것은 피상적인 관찰이다. 그가 거부한 것은 社會 그 自體나 社會의 效用이 아니라, 社會의 규율적이고 형식적인 制度와 惡習이었다. 따라서 그가 後期에 와서 社會와 和解를 했다거나 運命에 順應했다는 表現은 걸맞지 않다. 그는 眞理에 充實한 사람이었고 後期에는 새로운 人間像 즉 Man Thinking을 實踐해 본 것이다. 바로 그러한 人間만이 새로운 社會를 건설할 수 있다는 것이다. 그는 항상 個個人은 활동의 主體이오. 社會는 그 活動무대임을 잘 알고 있었다. 個人과 社會의 두 요소는 동시에 兩立해야 하는 상호보완적인 요소인 것이다. Ralph Waldo Emerson has been widely regarded as the most famous and most influential of the nineteenth century American writers. He was the spokesman of New England Transcendentalism. And the core of his thoughts is Self-Reliance. He condemned the materialism and the growing industrialism of his age. But he found it possible to compromise between ideal and reality. He suggested that a man was created in image of God and should hear the voice of God in the should. Consequently a true man, especially a Scholar, should have Self-Reliance, which is the main idea of Emerson's whole thoughts. Each individual can communicate with God through his own intuition, so it is possible to achieve divinity or perfection through his own mind. But every individual cannot live alone without being concerned with society. As the social consciousness increases, each individual seeks to find his role in society. Emerson considered his vocation as Sayer, the poet, Saying words was a kind of action to him. Most critics view that, in his earlier period of Emerson's writings, he rejected the society, the nation and the church. However, it is a superficial observation. It is the formal institutions in society or evil traditions of society that he rejected. Not the uses or good effects of society. And in his later period of writing he has been said to have reconciled himself with society or to yield to the fate. But in my opinion he never submitted to the fate, only faithful to the truth. He spent his later lifetime on showing how to be a new man. Man Thinking, who is able to establish a new society. He was never opposed to the society itself and never reconciled with it. He was always recognizing that they needed each other. Every individual is an actor and society is the stage on which the actor plays. The two factors are compatible at the same time.

피부에 발생한 혼합종 1예

김진규,채수만,박장규 최신의학사 1980 最新醫學 Vol.23 No.6

제2형 당뇨병 외래 환자의 비만도에 따른 미세혈관합병증

이성규,조남한,김현만,이관우,정윤석,채봉남,김윤정,이미덕,노혜림,홍은경,조현경 대한당뇨병학회 2000 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.1

Background: Korean type 2 diabetic patients who are frequently non-obese, may be genetically different from Western type 2 diabetics who are frequently obese. Therefore, the diabetic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea may be also different from those of Western countries. Until now, most studies reported in Korea did not analyse the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus according to obesity, and also the criteria in the diagnosis of microvascular complications were different in each study. We investigated the microvascular complications and its relationship with obesity, in type 2 diabetic patients visiting an outpatient clinic. Methods: The study subjects were type 2 diabetic patients visiting an outpatient clinic of Ajou University Hospital. We selected patients participating in a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, retrospectively. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed according to the WHO/NDDG classification of diabetes. Biochemical studies including lipid profile, plasma insulin and C-peptide levels were done. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Based on BMI (㎏/㎡), the patients were divided into the following groups: the lean group, when the BMI was less than 20 ㎏/㎡ the ideal body weight (IBW) group, if the BMI was between 20 ㎏/㎡ and 25 ㎏/㎡ in women and 20 ㎏/㎡ and 27 ㎏/㎡ in men; and the obese group, when the BMI was $gt;25 ㎏/㎡ in women and $gt;27 ㎏/㎡ in men. Results: 1. Neuropathy (45.2%) was the most frequent among the microvascular complications, and the frequency of retinopathy was 15.1%, and that of nephropathy was 4.9%. Within 5 years of diabetes duration, the frequency of neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy was 43.2%, 11.8%, and 2.9%, respectively. 2. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_(1c)) and fasting blood glucose levels were not different among the three groups. Beta cell function{Δ (insulin 30min - insulin Omin)/Δ(glucose 30min - glucose 0min)} was the highest in the obese group. However, beta cell function(ΔI/ΔG) divided by the basal insulin level, considered insulin resistance, was not different among the three groups. 3. Within 5 years of diabetes duration, retinopathy tended to be the most frequent in the lean group, whereas neuropathy tended to be the most frequent in the obese group, and body mass index influenced the retinopathy and neuropathy, statistically significantly. Conclusion: Diabetic neuropathy was the most frequent among microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in our study subjects. At the time of presentation within 5 years of diabetes duration, the lean group of type 2 diabetics had a tendency of the more frequent retinopathy, the obese group had a tendency of the more frequent neuropathy. These results suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea is also not a single disease entity, as in Western countries and is a heterogenous group of disorders with a diversity of microvascular complications. However, the more studies about this will be required.

The Presence of Urinary Ketones according to Metabolic Status and Obesity

Kim Bo-Reum,Seo Jeong Woo,Kim Sang Man,Kim Kyu-Nam,주남석 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.31

Background: Recently, new concepts about obesity and normal weight subtypes with metabolic conditions are rising and ketone bodies are emerging as a significant indicator of metabolic health. This study aimed to find a relationship between ketonuria and those subtypes. Methods: The data of 19,036 subjects were analyzed in this cross-sectional study (2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, KNHANES). Based on body mass index and adult treatment panel III with modification of waist circumference, individuals were categorized into 4 groups: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Individuals were divided into 2 groups, positive and negative ketonuria groups, and the metabolic parameters were compared. Results: The metabolic indicators of the positive ketonuria group showed better results than those of the negative ketonuria group and the MHNW group showed the highest proportion of positive ketonuria. The MHNW group showed higher urinary ketones than the MUO group (odds ratio [OR], 0.391; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.254–0.601) in men. In women, OR of having ketonuria was 0.698 (95% CI, 0.486–1.002) in the MHO group and 0.467 (95% CI, 0.226–0.966) in the MUNW group compared to the MHNW group, respectively. Conclusion: Compared to the MHNW group, the MUO group showed lower presence of ketonuria in men, and tendency to have less ketonuria in women.

全州市 韓屋地區(四種美觀地區)의 機能性 및 景觀性 改善에 關한 硏究

최만봉,이규완 全北大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study was to solve the point at issue that faced actually and offer improving program for the folk scene area that the pleasure of tradition and living respiration. The items of this study were investigated or originnal background of Korean-style house, changed situation of the fourth classe asethetic area based on the epoch and descrived the point at issue and its potential at the fourth class asethetic area in Cheonju City, etc. The results were summarized as follows. 1) The program was established simultaneously the folk scene of preservation and developmant. 2) There are deiberated the elevated dewelling and livelihood at the fourth class asethetic area. 3) There are maked tourist course that closely connected with a historic resource. 4) There are graded preservation that the value of the architecture at the fourth class asethetic area. 5) The Korean-style house preservation area was preseraved the folk cultual inheritance and estabilishment and enforcement of institutional installation at the fourth class asethetic area.

전자스타터식 안정기의 설계 및 제작

崔圭萬 관동대학교 1997 關大論文集 Vol.25 No.2

The studies on the design and application for a ballast by means of the mathematical formula, and on the fabrication of a electronic stater are performed. As a results, many different types of ballasts have been designed and examined in a comparison with the values calculated by design formula. For example, the ballast for managing 20W power was designed and fabricated by using these design concepts. It could be found out that the formula for designing ballast was very useful. The initial characteristics of the electronic starter fabricated were better than those of the existing glow starter at the time of turn-on. It was expected the electronic starter to extend the life time of a fluorescent lamp by means of turn-on/off test.

지방공사의료원의 수익성 추이 및 관련요인 분석

최만규,이준협,이태로,이현실,임국환 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2003 保健科學論集 Vol.29 No.1

This study was attempted to identify trends and determinants of the profitability of Korean Provincial Hospitals different. Data used in this study were chosen from provincial hospitals that passed the standardization audit undertaken by the Korean Hospital Association from 1998 to 2001 for the purpose of accrediting training hospitals. There were collected from 19 provincial hospitals with complete general data of present conditions as well as financial statements(balance sheets, income statements). The dependent variables in this study were used net profit to total assets and operating profit to gross revenue as a proxy indicator for profitability. The independent variables were classified by general factors(location, teaching status, number of beds, period of establishment), operating and financial factors(current ratio, fixed ratio, liabilities to total assets, total asset turnover, average length of stay, bed occupancy rate, admission ratio of outpatients, patients per specialist, personnel costs per adjusted inpatient, material costs per adjusted inpatient, administrative costs per adjusted inpatient), in addition time leg effect(fiscal years). As a result of hierarchical multiple regression analyzation of net profit to total assets and operating profit to gross revenue, with general factors, operating and financial factors, adjusted R² of operating and financial factors is very powerful. The factors had significant positive effect on net profit to total assets were period of establishment, current ratio, admission ratio of outpatients. The factors had significant negative effect on net profit to total assets were average length of stay, personnel costs per adjusted inpatient, fiscal years. The factors had significant positive effect on operating profit to gross revenue were teaching status, fixed ratio, total asset turnover. The factors had significant negative effect on operating profit to gross revenue were location, liabilities to total assets, personnel costs per adjusted inpatient.

포진후 통증환자에 대한 신경차단술의 효능 : 예비적 보고

신규만,조도상,조용재,김명현,김상진,김성학 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2005 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.28 No.1

Objectives : Of all the chronic pain syndromes postherpetic neuralgia ranks the most refractory to treatment. The eight postherpetic neuralgia patients have been treated with nerve blocks or neurolysis and obtained good result. We evaluate the therapeutic effect of nerve blocks for postherpetic neuralgia and reviewed the pathology, clinical consideration, treatments and prevention. Materials and Methods : Eight patients with established postherpetic neuralgia enrolled in pain clinic of Mokdong Hospital of Ewha Womans University from March,2004 to December. Average age at 58 and about 63% of patients were over 68 years. Affected area of forehead was two patients. They have been treated with stellate ganglion block (SCB), two times supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves blocks and neurolysis with absolute alcohol. Face affected patient has was one and has been treated with 5 times SGB, 2 times supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves blocks, infraorbital and mental nerves blocks, and then 2times maxillary and mandibular nerves blocks. Chest affected two patients were treated with intercostal nerve blocks. Thoracic wall affected one patient received 2 times thoracic epidural blocks and thoracic nerve block. Scapalur and thoracic wall affected patient has been treated with SGB and 2 times thoracic epidural block. The chest and thoracic wall affected patient received 10 times intercostal blocks,2 times thoracic epidural blocks,3 times thoracic root block and neurolysis of intercostal nerves with absolute alcohol. The injected agents were 1% mepibacaine or 0.25% mercain heavy and methylprednisolone succinated, and at weekly intervals the agents were injected. Results : All patient having been treated with nerve blocks were free of pain at 3-9 months. Conclusion : Although no controlled trial has been done of nerve blocks to treat postherpetic neuralgia, this technique is safe in experienced hands and, if effected, may be repeated. It suggested that local anesthetics and steroid are the effective components in nerve blocks. Data on the relief of acute pain with nerve blocks, however cannot be extrapolated to predict the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia. The best way to prevent herpes zoster becasuse of post herpetic neuralgia is so difficult to treat.