클럽 샤프트(Club Shaft) 특성에 따른 골프 스윙(Golf Swing)동작 분석

김성일,김기형,김형수,이현섭,김진욱,안찬규,김희진 한국운동역학회 2002 한국운동역학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 클럽 샤프트의 대표적인 재질인 그라파이트(graphite)의 유연한(flexible) 클럽 샤프트(club shaft)의 특성에 따라 피험자가 운동학적(kinematics) 요인이 되는 관절의 각변위, 각속도, 각가속도, 클럽헤드의 속도와 가속도와 같은 변인들이 어떻게 적응하는지 비교 분석하여 보다 효율적인 드라이버 선택에 도움을 주며 샤프트 특성에 따른 신체관절의 움직임에 대한 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 고속 카메라 2대의 속도는 500fps로 하였고 각 regylar,stiff, x-stiff, 자신의 클럽을 포함 각 4개의 클럽을 사용하여 각 클럽당 3번씩 촬영하였으며 목표방향에서 20m이상 벗어나는 경우의 촬영은 다시 촬영하였다. 본 연구에서는 디지타이징(digitizing)을 신체 9개 마커는 강체로 가정된 클럽과 신체분절 모델로 정의하였으며 2 대의 카메라(500fps)로부터 얻은 avi화일을 컴퓨터에 저장하고 자료로부터 Butterworth 6th order recursive digital filter를 사용하여 1차 자료를 smoothing 하고 DLT를 이용하여 3차원 좌표를 구성하도록 한다. 좌표값을 얻기 위하여 kwon3d v3.0을 이용하였다. 본 실험은 피험자 스스로 클럽의 특성에 따라 스윙의 속도를 달리 하기 때문에 스윙의 시간이 달라지며 어느 정도 클럽이 강성에 따라 스윙시간이 빨라지는 결과로 나타났다. 이것은 피험자가 샤프트가 강성(stiffness)에 따라 스윙 속도를 빨리 하게 되는 원인이 되는 것으로 생각된다. 어깨의 각변위는 클럽이 regular의 경우 임팩트에서 각속도를 계속 유지하고 있으며 stiff, x-stiff의 경우에는 어깨의 움직임이 임팩트에서 급격하게 감소되는 것을 알 수 있다. 이것은 팔의 동작과 클럽의 힘을 크게 하기 위한 동작으로 생각된다. 어깨 각속도는 클럽이 stiff할수록 각속도가 큰 감속하는 것으로 나타났다. 손목속도는 regular 클럽의 경우 손목의 감속이 늦게 되고 임팩트에서 손목의 감속이 적게 하는 것으로 나타났으며 stiff와 x-stiff의 클럽에서 임팩트 시에 순간적인 감가속으로 인해 클럽의 속도를 증가시키고 있다. 임팩트 시에 손목의 감가속은 클럽헤드의 임팩트 시 속도를 증가시키는 결과를 보였다. 클럽헤드는 regular 클럽이 임팩트전에는 속도 증가가 커지는 결과와 일치된 결과를 보이고 있다. The purpose of this study was to find the rational method to analyze golf swing with specific property of club shaft. Three subjects were filmed by two high speed digital cameras with 500fps. The phase analyzed was downswing of each subject. The three-dimensional coordinates of the anatomical landmarks were obtained with motion analysis system Kwon3d 3.0 version and smoothed by lowpass digital filter with cutoff frequency 6Hz. From these data, kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated using Matlab(ver 5.0) The variables for this study were angular velocity and accelerations, which were calculated and following conclusions have been made : 1) Golf swing time of stiff club is faster than that of regular club. 2) In shoulder joint motion of swing with the stiff club, x-stiff showed mort rapid negative acceleration than that of regular club. 3) In regular club, the velocity of club head would be more effective velocity, which was increasing, than those of other clubs before impact. 4) In wrist joint motion of swing with stiff club, x-stiff club showed faster than regular club in the downswing and impact more rapid negative acceleration.

CBR모델을 활용한 IPC Girder교량의 환경부하량 추정모델 개발

김준수(Kim,Joon-So),박진영(Park,Jin-Young),최경찬(Choi,Ky대ng-Cha),이양규(Lee,Yang-Ky),김병수(Kim,Byung-Soo) 대한토목학회 2017 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

볼링운동이 정신지체학생의 보행 형태와 자세에 미치는 영향

김기형,최윤희,김희진,최영진,이재수 한국특수체육학회 2003 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bowling exercises on gait pattern and posture students with mental retardation and social interaction with students without disabilities. The videography method was used to obtain kinematical variables of gait pattern for pre & post tests of bowling exercises. The posture of students with mental retardation and interaction with students without disabilities were recorded onto video tapes. Analyzing the recorded data from all experiments led to the following conclusions: irregular gait pattern and posture of the students with mental retardation can be corrected or improved substantially through bowling exercises. And the inclusive exercises program with students without disabilities can show the model appropriate behavior, encourage social interaction, and promote positive self-esteem to the students with mental retardation.

동작 분석 시스템의 구현 I : 자동 마커 추적 시스템을 중심으로

김형수,김기형 한국운동역학회 1999 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to make one step forward to construct a motion analysis system that was composed of relatively simple and low priced hardwares and had the enhanced utilities using standard image file format. The static and dynamic accuracy of the system were tested in the study, and the results were as follows: 1. This system could generate BMP files through stored images on PC memory acquired at 30fps sampling rate. 2. The elapsed time to detect and track a marker was about 0.03 second. And it was confirmed that the processing time was shorter then the other commercial system. 3. As a result of verifyng the static accuracy of the system, the percent error was 0.4805% and the standard deviation was 0. So it was confirmed that the static accuracy and precision of the system was very high. 4. As a result of verifying the dynamic accuracy of the system, the percent error showed 1.1170% and the value of R^2 was 1.0000. So it was confirmed that the dynamic accuracy and precision of the system was very high.

Illudins C_2 and C_3, New Illudin C Derivatives from Coprinus atramentarius ASI20013

LEE, IN-KY0UNG,JEONG, CHEOL-YOUN,CHO, SOO-MUK,YUN, BONG-SIK,KIM, YANG-SUP,YU, SEUNG-HUN,KOSHINO, HIROYUKI,YOO, ICK-DONG 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1997 생물공학연구지 Vol.5 No.-

Ganoderma lucidum 균주는 인공 배지 상에서 광에 의하여 자실체 원기가 형성되었으며, 광질이 자실체 원기 형성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 자실체 원기 형성능을 가지고 있는 5균주중 3균주는 공시한 모든 형광등의 아래에서 즉, BLB, 순청색, 순녹색, 순황색, 순적색 형광등의 아래에서 자실체 원기가 형성되었고, 2균주는 BLB 형광등을 제외한 가시광선 영역에서 형성되었다. 그러나 암상태에서는 공시한 모든 균주가 자실체를 형성하지 않았다. 자실체 원기는 광도 0.05에서 10.0 μmol m^-2 s^-1의 범위에서 형성되었고, 광도가 0.5 μmol m^-2 s^-1 이상에서는 자실체 원기의 수가 감소하였다. 주기적인 광조사가 자실체 원기의 형성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, G1-009 균주는 자실체 원기의 수와 무게가 연속광을 조사한 경우보다 증가하였다. 자실체 원기를 형성하기 위해서는 최소 4일간의 광조사가 필요하였다. 단색광의 조사가 자실체 원기의 형성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 G1-003 균주는 400에서 800 nm의 모든 단색광 처리구에서 자실체 원기가 형성되었고, 그 외의 4균주는 400에서 500 nm, 그리고 700에서 750 nm 범위에서 형성되었다. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of light quality on formation of fruit body primordia (FBPs) of Ganoderma lucidum. To achieve this 5 isolates of the fungus that develops fruit body primordia on nutrient agar media were incubated with or without continuous irradiation. The fluorescent lamps used different colors such as black light blue (BLB), pure blue (P-B), pure green (P-G), pure yellow (P-Y) and pure red (P-R). Effect of periodic light and dark exposures on FBP formation of isolate G1-009 was investigated. The FBP formation in G. lucidum isolates was also tested under nomochromatic light produced by the combination of interference filters and colored glass filters. Three isolates produced FBPs under all kinds of fluorescent lamps, whereas two induced FBPs only under visible light except for BLB fluorescent lamp. However, these isolated did not form FBPs in the dark. The FBP was formed at light intensity from 0.05 to 10.0 μmol m^-2 s^-1, and begun to reduce its number as light intensity increase over 0.5 μmol m^-2 s^-1. When the isolate was incubated under periodic light and dark exposures, the number and weight of FBP increased as compared with those under continuous light. Initiation of FBP requires at least 4 days of light illumination. Although isolate G1-003 produced FBPs in a wide range of 400 to 800 nm, other four isolates had two effective regions 400 to 500 nm and 700 to 750 nm in FBP formation.

함수 언어에 기반을 둔 구조적 분석의 정형적 명세와 실행

신윤식,김태남,임은기,이기수 金烏工科大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

An executable specification language for Structured Analysis specification and its execution model are presented. The model is based on Applicative State Transition system and the interpretation of data flow diagram in a viewpoint of data availability. AST system receives at most one input and does not accept until an output is issued. Our model is extended with availability list so that concurrency inherent in DFD can be treated.

원발성 두개강내종양 2,616례의 통계학적 연구(1976-1995)

황승균,정희원,오창완,양희진,남도현,이상형,정영섭,김동규,왕규창,한대희,최길수,조병규 대한신경외과학회 1997 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.26 No.7

소아 천식 환아에서 호기 온도 측정의 임상적 의의

김수연 ( Soo Yeon Kim ),김정윤 ( Jung Yoon Kim ),한윤기 ( Yoon Ki Han ),김종덕 ( Jong Deok Kim ),설인숙 ( In Suk Sol ),박영아 ( Young A Park ),김윤희 ( Yoon Hee Kim ),김경원 ( Kyung Won Kim ),손명현 ( Myung Hyun Sohn ),김규언 ( Ky 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회 2017 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.5 No.3

Purpose: Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) has been suggested as a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation in asthma. The aim of this study was to determine its clinical implication in children with asthma. Methods: A total of 233 children were enrolled in this study. Among them, 116 were asthmatic children and 117 were healthy children. Spirometry, bronchodilator response (BDR) test, methacholine challenge test, and skin prick test were performed. EBT, frac-tional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), blood eosinophils, and total IgE levels were measured. EBT was measured by using X-halo. Results: EBT was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control group (median [interquartile range], 32.1°C [30.0°C- 33.9°C] vs. 29.7°C [29.0°C-31.3°C], P<0.001). EBT was significantly higher in poorly or partly controlled asthmatic children than well-controlled asthmatic children (33.5°C [31.0°C-34.4°C] vs. 30.3°C [29.3°C-32.9°C], P<0.0001). Among total subjects, EBT was significantly higher in the atopic group than in the nonatopic group (32.4°C [30.3°C-34.0°C] vs. 29.8°C [29.0°C-30.3°C], P<0.001). There were neither significant associations between EBT and BDR (r=0.109, P=0.241) nor between EBT and PC20 (provocation concentra-tion causing a 20% fall in FEV1) in total subjects (r=0.127, P=0.316). EBT did not show any association with FeNO (r=0.353, P=0.071). Conclusion: Our study suggests that EBT might play a role as an ancillary marker for allergic airway inflammation and the degree of control in pediatric asthma patients. Additional studies are required to explore the value of EBT in detail. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2017;5:147-152)

Identification and Functional Characterization of P159L Mutation in HNF1B in a Family with Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young 5 (MODY5)

Kim, Eun Ky,Lee, Ji Seon,Cheong, Hae Il,Chung, Sung Soo,Kwak, Soo Heon,Park, Kyong Soo Korea Genome Organization 2014 Genomics & informatics Vol.12 No.4

Mutation in HNF1B, the hepatocyte nuclear factor-$1{\beta}$ (HNF-$1{\beta}$) gene, results in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) 5, which is characterized by gradual impairment of insulin secretion. However, the functional role of HNF-$1{\beta}$ in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism is not fully understood. We identified a family with early-onset diabetes that fulfilled the criteria of MODY. Sanger sequencing revealed that a heterozygous P159L (CCT to CTT in codon 159 in the DNA-binding domain) mutation in HNF1B was segregated according to the affected status. To investigate the functional consequences of this HNF1B mutation, we generated a P159L HNF1B construct. The wild-type and mutant HNF1B constructs were transfected into COS-7 cells in the presence of the promoter sequence of human glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2). The luciferase reporter assay revealed that P159L HNF1B had decreased transcriptional activity compared to wild-type (p < 0.05). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed reduced DNA binding activity of P159L HNF1B. In the MIN6 pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell line, overexpression of the P159L mutant was significantly associated with decreased mRNA levels of GLUT2 compared to wild-type (p < 0.05). However, INS expression was not different between the wild-type and mutant HNF1B constructs. These findings suggests that the impaired insulin secretion in this family with the P159L HNF1B mutation may be related to altered GLUT2 expression in ${\beta}$-cells rather than decreased insulin gene expression. In conclusion, we have identified a Korean family with an HNF1B mutation and characterized its effect on the pathogenesis of diabetes.

Process Systems Engineering, Process Safety, Transport Phenomena : Real-Time Risk Monitoring System for Chemical Plants

( Ky Soo Kim ),( Jae Wook Ko ) 한국화학공학회 2005 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.22 No.1