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인체에서 carvedilol의 심혈관계 작용에 대한 PK/PD modeling
백인환,윤민혁,윤휘열,남진경,권광일 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2007 藥學論文集 Vol.22 No.-
The objective of the present study was to determine and characterize the relationship between the cardiovascular effect and plasma concentration of carvedilol by PK/PD modeling in human. A group of 32 healthy males received oral doses of 25 mg carvedilol, and blood samples were collected thirteen times for up to 30 hours after the drug administration. The effect of carvedilol on blood pressure was measured during the same period. This experiment was analyzed using the liquid-liquid extractions of carvedilol by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Pharmacokinetics parameters of carvedilol were calculated using the two-compartment model with first-order absorption. The average value of C_(max), T_(max), CL/F (apparent clearance), V/F (apparent volume of distribution) and half-life of carvedilol were 62.74 ± 20.12 ng/ml, 1.26 ± 0.86 hrs, 94.64 ± 46.01 L/hr, 1561.78 ± 941.94 L, 12.47 hr, respectively. To explain the relationship between the cardiovascular effect and plasma concentration of carvedilol, plasma drug concentrations were linked to the observed SBP and DBP via a effect compartment with a sigmoid Emax model. The model parameters were estimated by using ADAPT Ⅱ program. This PK/PD model could describe the relationship between plasma concentrations of carvedilol and cardiovascular effect such as the aspects of decreasing blood pressure and the time delay between plasma concentration and pharmaco-dynamic data.
유전체의 과도 산란 해석을 위한 시간영역 결합 적분방정식
박재권,김형진,윤희상,정백호 湖西大學校工業技術硏究所 2003 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.-
In this paper, we propose a time domain combined field integral equation (TD-CFIE) formulation to analyze the transient electromagnetic response from three-dimensional dielectric objects. The solution method in this paper is based on the method of moments(MoM) that involves separate spatial and temporal testing procedures. A set of the RWG(Rao, Wilton, Glisson) functions is used for spatial expansion of the equivalent electric and magnetic current densities and a combination of RWG and its orthogonal component is used as spatial testing. We also investigate spatial testing procedures for the TD-CFIE to select the proper testing functions that are derived from the Laguerre polynomials. These basis functions are also used for temporal testing. Numerical results computed by the proposed formulation are presented and compared with the solutions of the frequency domain combined field integral equation(FB-CFIE).
박인기,백만수,박진권 충남대학교 1996 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.23 No.1
The effects of basketball training on the structural aspects of the radius and metacarpal have been analyzed. Research sample groups consist of a player group and a general student group. The player group consists of 48 students whose grade varies from the fifth grade of primary school to the second grade of boys' high school. They had been regularly trained 3 days (6 hours) per week. The general students group consists of 60 students who did not participate in the training. From these comparative study, we have found that noticeable growth of the redius proximal end and distal end of the player group had occurred from the time of the first grade of middle school which was the third year of training. We also found little difference in the growth of the redius shaft. Notable growth of the metacerpal proximal and distal end as in the radius has been abserved from the time of the first grade of middle school. Noticeable growth of the third metacarpal shaft had occurred from the time of the sixth grade of primary school which was the second year of training. The second, fourth, fifth metacarpal shaft had growed noticeably from the time of the first grade of high school which was the sixth year of training.
Efavirenz, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir의 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 동시 정량법
채정우,배경진,백인환,서정원,이병요,이은주,남진경,강원구,권광일 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2009 藥學論文集 Vol.24 No.-
Efavirenz indinavir and kaleta (co-formulation of lopinavir and ritonavir) are important antiretroviral drugs which have been proved to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors and reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection. A brief and fast high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS, API 4000) method for the determination of 4 anti-retroviral agents (efavirenz, lopinavir, indinavir, ritonavir) in human plasma was developed and validated. A simple protein precipitation method was used on 100μl of human plasma. And internal standard solution (10 ng/ml methaqualone) 1ml and reconstitution solution (MeOH) 1ml were added. After vortexing for 30 s and centrifuging at 13,200rpm for 10min, 2μl of supernatant was injected into the column (XTerra MS C_(18) column, 2.1mm × 50mm 3.5㎛ particle size). The mobile phase consisted of MeOH and 0.1% formic acid in water (80:20 , v/v). The chromatogram was run for 1.5 min at a flow rate of 300μl/min. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in a positive ion mode (lopinavir, indinavir, ritonavir) and negative mode (efavirenz), simultaneously and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for drug quantification. The precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 316→69 (efavirenz) and 629→447 (lopinavir) and 614→421 (indinavir) and 721→296 (ritonavir)were used to measure and quantify the analyte. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 50 ng/ml (efavirenz, indinavir, ritonavir) and 100 ng/ml (lopinavir). The weighted (l/y²) calibration curve was linear over human plasma range 50∼5000ng/ml (efavirenz), 100∼20000ng/ml (lopinavir), 50∼10000ng/ml (indinavir), 50∼2000ng/ml (ritonavir), correlation coefficient(r²) of 4 antiretroviral agents were higher than 0.998. Accuracies and intra-run precisions ranged within 86.60 and 113.29%, 1.06 and 11.16% for all 4 drugs analysed. This analytical method used to determine these drugs was fast and easy to perform, with minimal sample preparation, and without compromising precision and accuracy. The developed method was successful to determine antiretroviral agents in human plasma, and proved suitable for clinical pharmacokinetic study.
Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Baek, Miri,Chung, Hae-Eun,Yu, Jin,Lee, Jung-A,Kim, Tae-Hyun,Oh, Jae-Min,Lee, Won-Jae,Paek, Seung-Min,Lee, Jong Kwon,Jeong, Jayoung,Choy, Jin-Ho,Choi, Soo-Jin Dove Medical Press 2012 International journal of nanomedicine Vol.7 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>This study explored the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion profile of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with respect to their particle size in rats.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Two ZnO nanoparticles of different size (20 nm and 70 nm) were orally administered to male and female rats, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve, tissue distribution, excretion, and the fate of the nanoparticles in organs were analyzed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The plasma zinc concentration of both sizes of ZnO nanoparticles increased during the 24 hours after administration in a dose-dependent manner. They were mainly distributed to organs such as the liver, lung, and kidney within 72 hours without any significant difference being found according to particle size or rat gender. Elimination kinetics showed that a small amount of ZnO nanoparticles was excreted via the urine, while most of nanoparticles were excreted via the feces. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies in the tissues showed no noticeable ZnO nanoparticles, while new Zn-S bonds were observed in tissues.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>ZnO nanoparticles of different size were not easily absorbed into the bloodstream via the gastrointestinal tract after a single oral dose. The liver, lung, and kidney could be possible target organs for accumulation and toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles was independent of particle size or gender. ZnO nanoparticles appear to be absorbed in the organs in an ionic form rather than in a particulate form due to newly formed Zn-S bonds. The nanoparticles were mainly excreted via the feces, and smaller particles were cleared more rapidly than the larger ones. ZnO nanoparticles at a concentration below 300 mg/kg were distributed in tissues and excreted within 24 hours. These findings provide crucial information on possible acute and chronic toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in potential target organs.</P>
Baek, Nam In,Cho, Sung Woo,Lee, Kil Soo,Lee, Byung Ryong,Kang, Jung Hoon,Kwon, Hyeok Yil,Park, Jin Seu,Bahn, Jae Hoon,Choi, Kyung Soon,Jin, Li Hua,Kim, Choong Kwon,Chang, Hyun Woo,Hwang, Eun Joo,Choi, 생화학분자생물학회 1970 BMB Reports Vol.34 No.2
Antioxidant enzymes, scavengers of the reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI), are involved in numerous defense systems in cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the hot-water extracts of two medicinally potent mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus lieiteus) on the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes in vitro and in vivo. The mushroom extracts stimulated the catalase activity in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, whereas the other antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) were unaffected by the extracts. The catalytic activity of catalase in the liver and brain was significantly increased after the oral treatment of the mushroom extracts (2.5 g/㎏) to ICR mice for 2 months. Western blot analysis of the liver and brain tissues revealed that the expression level of catalase in the mice, treated with both mushroom extracts, was significantly increased compared to that of the control mice. However, the level of the SOD expression in the mice treated with the natural product extracts was unchanged under the same experimental conditions. Although the mechanisms for the stimulatory effect of the catalase expression by these extracts remains unclear, these results suggest that the ingredients of the Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus extracts act as an activator of catalase, and regulate the expression of catalase at the translationat or transcriptional level.
Conformally Recurrent Riemannian Manifolds with Harmonic Conformal Curvature Tensor
Jin Ok Baek,Young Jin Suh,Jung-Hwan Kwon 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2004 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.44 No.1
In this paper, we give a complete classication of conformally recurrent Rie-mannian manifolds with harmonic conformal curvature tensor and to give another generalization of conformally symmetric Riemannian manifolds.