Validation of egg yolk antibody based C-ELISA for avian influenza surveillance in breeder duck

Jeong, O.M.,Kim, M.C.,Kang, H.M.,Ha, G.W.,Oh, J.S.,Yoo, J.E.,Park, C.H.,Kwon, J.S.,Pack, M.R.,Kim, H.R.,Kim, Y.J.,Kwon, J.H.,Lee, Y.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2010 Veterinary microbiology Vol.144 No.3

Active surveillance for avian influenza virus (AIV) has expanded from chicken to various poultry species including duck. To further effective antibody screening in laying breeder ducks, we validated the egg yolk antibody as alternative source to serum for AIV antibody. Sera and eggs were collected at weekly intervals after two types of AIV vaccination, H5N3 and H9N2. The antibody levels were determined by an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA). AGID test did not detect antibodies in egg yolk, and the agreement between AGID test and either HI test or C-ELISA in serum was slight and fair based on kappa statistics (kappa value (κ)@?0.19 in H5N3 group and κ@?0.37 in H9N2 groups). However, there was almost perfect agreement between HI test and C-ELISA (κ>0.9 in all group). The C-ELISA was as sensitive and specific as the HI test, and could be used as a pre-screening test for the detection of type A avian influenza virus antibody. Comparison was made between egg yolk and serum antibody titers by a regression analysis. A high correlation was observed between serum and yolk antibody titers (r=0.8762 for H5N3 and 0.8914 for H9N2 in HI test; r=1 for H5N3 and 0.9686 for H9N2 in ELISA test), although egg yolk antibodies were detected later and remained lower levels than serum antibodies. In field trials involving 54 duck flocks, the positive rate of egg yolk and serum samples showed agreement for the detection of AIV antibody. We concluded that as an alternative to serum, antibody monitoring of laying breeder duck using egg yolk with C-ELISA is feasible and is recommended.

Metal(loid) immobilization in soils with biochars pyrolyzed in N₂ and CO₂ environments

Igalavithana, Avanthi Deshani,Yang, Xiao,Zahra, Hilda Rizkia,Tack, Filip M.G.,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Kwon, Eilhann E.,Ok, Yong Sik Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.630 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Previous studies indicated that using CO<SUB>2</SUB> as a reaction agent in the pyrolysis of biomass led to an enhanced generation of syngas <I>via</I> direct reaction between volatile organic carbons (VOCs) evolved from the thermal degradation of biomass and CO<SUB>2</SUB>. In addition, the physico-chemical properties of biochar in CO<SUB>2</SUB> were modified. In this current study, biochars generated from red pepper stalks in N<SUB>2</SUB> and CO<SUB>2</SUB> (RPS-N and RPS-C, respectively) were tested for their effects on the immobilization of Pb, Cd, Zn, and As in contaminated soils. Soils were incubated for one month with 2.5% of RPS, and two biochars (<I>i.e.</I>, RPS-N and RPS-C) at 25°C. After the incubation period soils were analyzed to determine the amendment effects on the behavior of metal(loid)s. The potential availability and mobility kinetics of metal(loid)s were assessed by single extraction of ammonium acetate and consecutive extraction of calcium chloride, respectively. Sequential extraction was used to further examine potential changes in geochemical fractions of metal(loid)s. The increased soil pH induced by application of the biochars reduced the potentially available Pb, Cd, and Zn, while RPS-C significantly reduced Pb due to the high surface area and aromaticity of RPS-C. However, RPS-C mobilized potentially available As compared to RPS-N due to the increased soil pH. Biochars reduced the mobility kinetics of Pb, Cd, and Zn, and RPS-N effectuated the greatest reduction of As mobility. The RPS-C increased the Fe and Mn oxides, hydroxide, and organically bound Pb, while both biochars and RPS-N increased residual Cd and Zn, and organically bound As, respectively. When considering the two biochars, RPS-C was highly effective for immobilization of Pb in soils, but it had no effect on Cd and Zn and a negative effect on As. In addition, RPS-C significantly increased the total exchangeable cations in soils.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biochars markedly reduced Cd, Pb and Zn mobility in soils. </LI> <LI> Biochar pyrolyzed in CO<SUB>2</SUB> most effectively immobilized Pb. </LI> <LI> Biochar pyrolyzed in CO<SUB>2</SUB> increases As mobility more. </LI> <LI> More siloxane groups present in biochar pyrolysed in CO<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Synthesis of anionic multichain type surfactant and its effect on methane gas hydrate formation

Kwon, Y.A.,Park, J.M.,Jeong, K.E.,Kim, C.U.,Kim, T.W.,Chae, H.J.,Jeong, S.Y.,Yim, J.H.,Park, Y.K.,Lee, J.d. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2011 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.17 No.1

This paper reports an experimental study on the effects of novel anionic multichain disulfonate surfactant on the formation of methane gas hydrate. A series of surfactants with sodium sulfonic acid groups and different hydrophobic carbon chain lengths (C<SUB>8</SUB>, C<SUB>10</SUB>, and C<SUB>12</SUB>) were synthesized, and the effects of carbon chain length and concentration on methane hydrate formation kinetics were systematically investigated. Methane hydrate formation was conducted in a magnetic stirred vessel at the constant temperature of 274.15K and in a pressure range of 3.5-4.0MPa. All surfactants showed kinetic promoting behavior for methane gas hydrate formation, and the surfactant with the shortest chain length showed the highest acceleration effect. In addition, this multichain disulfonate surfactant exhibited higher methane storage capacity than SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) even at lower surfactant concentration, due to its lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension itself of the Gemini-type multichain surfactant.

Effects of calcium carbonate on pyrolysis of sewage sludge

Kwon, Eilhann E.,Lee, Taewoo,Ok, Yong Sik,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Park, Chanhyuk,Lee, Jechan Elsevier 2018 ENERGY Vol.153 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study demonstrates that calcium carbonate (CaCO<SUB>3</SUB>) allows not only enhancement of the production of CO as syngas, but also reduction of the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the pyrolytic products from sewage sludge. CO<SUB>2</SUB> was formed by the decomposition of CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> in pyrolysis. The CO<SUB>2</SUB> derived from CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> enhanced thermal cracking of volatile organic carbons (VOCs) generated during the pyrolysis of sewage sludge and provided an additional source of C and O, likely enhancing the production of CO at >650 °C. In addition, more solid product was converted into gaseous and liquid products by the addition of CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> in the pyrolysis of sewage sludge. This work suggests that CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> can be used as an inexpensive source of CO<SUB>2</SUB> that increases thermal efficiency of the pyrolysis process and reduces the evolution of harmful chemical species such as PAHs during thermal treatment of the byproduct during processing at municipal and industrial wastewater treatment facilities (<I>i.e.</I>, sewage sludge).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> is used as an additive to pyrolysis feedstock to enhance energy recovery. </LI> <LI> Addition of CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> to sewage sludge decreases the content of PAHs in pyrolytic product. </LI> <LI> CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> helps yield more gaseous and liquid pyrolytic products in pyrolysis of sewage sludge. </LI> </UL> </P>

Removal of iopromide and degradation characteristics in electron beam irradiation process

Kwon, M.,Yoon, Y.,Cho, E.,Jung, Y.,Lee, B.C.,Paeng, K.J.,Kang, J.W. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2012 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.227 No.-

The aim of this study is to evaluate the removal efficiency of iopromide using electron beam (E-beam) irradiation technology, and its degradation characteristics with hydroxyl radical (OH?) and hydrated electron (e<SUB>aq</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>). Studies are conducted with different initial concentrations of iopromide in pure water and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, bicarbonate ion, or sulfite ion. E-beam absorbed dose of 19.6kGy was required to achieve 90% degradation of 100μM iopromide and the E-beam/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> system increased the removal efficiency by an amount of OH? generation. In the presence of OH? scavengers (10mM sulfite ion), the required dose for 90% removal of 100μM iopromide was only 0.9kGy. This greatly enhanced removal was achieved in the presence of OH? scavengers, which was rather unexpected and unlike the results obtained from most advanced oxidation process (AOP) experiments. The reasons for this enhancement can be explained by a kinetic study using the bimolecular rate constants of each reaction species. To explore the reaction scheme of iopromide with OH? or e<SUB>aq</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> and the percent of mineralization for the two reaction paths, the total organic carbon (TOC), released iodide, and intermediates were analyzed.

Transforming duck tallow into biodiesel via noncatalytic transesterification

Kwon, E.E.,Jeon, E.C.,Yi, H.,Kim, S. Applied Science Publishers 2014 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.116 No.-

<P>The transformation of the lipids extracted from duck tallow into biodiesel was achieved using activated alumina and CO2 under ambient pressure (1 bar). Crude fatty acids (similar to 98% assay) were also esterified to help us understand and validate the noncatalytic biodiesel conversion mechanisms. Its conversion efficiency was nearly 93.5(+/- 0.5)%. The transformation of crude fatty acid into biodiesel proves that this newly developed technology for the production of biodiesel combines esterification of free fatty acids and transesterification of triglycerides into a single process that has a 98.5(+/- 0.5)% conversion efficiency to biodiesel within 1 min at 350-500 degrees C. This paper addresses the simplest methodology for the production of biodiesel. Herein, it is confirmed that the main driving force of biodiesel conversion in the noncatalytic transesterification reaction is temperature rather than pressure. Noncatalytic biodiesel transformation can be achieved in the presence of a porous material via a thermochemical process in a continuous flow system. This noncatalytic biodiesel transformation was enhanced under the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

A new <i>HLA‐C*07:244</i> allele identified by sequence‐based typing in a Korean individual

Cho, D.,Jang, M. J.,Yoon, C. E.,Kwon, O. J.,Shin, M. G. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Tissue antigens Vol.80 No.4

<P>The <I>C*07:244</I> changes single nucleotide of <I>C*07:02:01</I> at codon 75 (CGA → CAA), Arg to Gln.</P>

생물반응기 배양에 의한 산삼 수확 후 배양액이 무의 초기 생장에 미치는 효과

유창연 ( C. Y. Yu ),이재근 ( J. K. Lee ),성은수 ( E. S. Seong ),김병준 ( B. J. Kim ),권순성 ( S. S. Kwon ),고은정 ( E. J. Gho ),안형신 ( H. S. Ahn ),이종윤 ( J. Y. Lee ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2009 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.20 No.-

In order to investigate the optimal conditions for using recycled liquid medium after cultured a wild Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, we examined the effect of 100% distilled water and several diluted culture medium on the growth of radish seedlings. Of six conditions tested, in 1:3diluted culture medium, fresh weight was extremely higher and 141.42 g while in distilled water the fresh weight was the lowest. Dry weight of radish was higher in condition of 100% culture medium and as the ratio of cultured medium increased, the dry weight of radish was gradually increased. In this results, culture medium was effective on the growth, fresh weight and dry weight of radish. These results suggested that recycled culture medium of Panax ginseng adventitious roots could be used for producing vegetable radish sprouts, and improving their the functional activity.

Photophysical, amplified spontaneous emission and charge transport properties of oligofluorene derivatives in thin films

Choi, E. Y.,Mazur, L.,Mager, L.,Gwon, M.,Pitrat, D.,Mulatier, J. C.,Monnereau, C.,Fort, A.,Attias, A. J.,Dorkenoo, K.,Kwon, J. E.,Xiao, Y.,Matczyszyn, K.,Samoc, M.,Kim, D.-W.,Nakao, A.,Heinrich, B.,Ha The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.32

<P>We investigate the photophysical and amplified spontaneous emission properties of a series of monodisperse solution-processable oligofluorenes functionalized with hexyl chains at the C9 position of each fluorene unit. Thin films of these oligofluorenes are then used in organic field-effect transistors and their charge transport properties are examined. We have particularly focused our attention on the influence of oligofluorene length on the absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectra, on the HOMO/LUMO energy levels, on the photoluminescence lifetime and quantum yield as well as on the amplified spontaneous emission properties and the charge carrier mobilities. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrate that, among all oligofluorene derivatives used in this study, only the structure and morphology of the pentafluorene film is significantly modified by a thermal treatment above the glass transition temperature, resulting in a 9 nm blue-shift of the fluorescence spectrum without significant changes in the photoluminescence quantum yield and in the amplified spontaneous emission threshold. In parallel, hole field-effect mobility is significantly increased from 8.6 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP> to 3.8 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> upon thermal treatment, due to an increase of crystallinity. This study provides useful insights into the morphological control of oligofluorene thin films and how it affects their photophysical and charge transport properties. Moreover, we provide evidence that, because of the low threshold, the tunability of the amplified spontaneous emission and the photostability of the films, these oligofluorenes are promising candidates for organic solid-state laser applications.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We investigate the charge transport, photophysical and amplified spontaneous emission properties of a series of monodisperse solution-processable oligofluorenes functionalized with hexyl chains at the C9 position of each fluorene unit. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp01134a'> </P>

Circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 are elevated in human obese subjects and associated with obesity-related parameters

Kim, C-S,Park, H-S,Kawada, T,Kim, J-H,Lim, D,Hubbard, N E,Kwon, B-S,Erickson, K L,Yu, R Nature Publishing Group 2006 International Journal of Obesity Vol.30 No.9

Background:Chemotactic cytokines, referred to as chemokines, play an important role in leukocyte trafficking. The circulating levels of chemokines have been shown to increase in inflammatory processes including obesity-related pathologies (e.g. atherosclerosis and diabetes). However, little is currently known about the relationship between chemokines and human obesity. In the present study, we investigated the circulating levels of selected chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), leukotactin-1, interleukin-8 (IL-8)) and the association between the chemokine levels and obesity-related parameters: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting glucose and insulin levels, lipids profile, and the level of C-reactive protein (CRP).Methods:A total of 100 subjects, 50 obese (BMI25 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) and 50 who were not obese (BMI<25 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) participated in the present study. The levels of chemokines and CRP were measured in a fasting state serum by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and insulin levels were measured by enzymatic analysis and immunoassay.Results:The circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 in the serum were significantly (P<0.05) higher in obese subjects (BMI>30 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) compared with those of nonobese controls (BMI<25 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>). The levels of CRP were positively correlated with BMI (P<0.001) or waist circumference (P<0.0001). The levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 were positively related to BMI (MCP-1, P<0.02; IL-8, P<0.01) and/or waist circumference (MCP-1, P<0.009; IL-8, P<0.03). The levels of MCP-1 were positively related to the levels of CRP (P<0.007) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P<0.0001), and negatively related to the levels of HDL-cholesterol (P<0.01). Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score was positively related to the levels of MCP-1 (P<0.02) or IL-8 (P<0.03) in obese subject.Discussion:Our data demonstrated that the circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 are related to obesity-related parameters such as BMI, waist circumference, CRP, IL-6, HOMA and HDL-cholesterol. These findings suggest that the circulating MCP-1 and/or IL-8 may be a potential candidate linking obesity with obesity-related metabolic complications such as atherosclerosis and diabetes.International Journal of Obesity (2006) 30, 1347–1355. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803259; published online 14 March 2006