인체 공중 동작 시뮬레이션 프로그램 개발

성낙준,권영후 한국운동역학회 1994 한국운동역학회지 Vol.4 No.2

A comprehensive simulation software package was developed in C base on the work done by Yeadon et al.(1990) and Kwon (1993a) in the aim of making it easy to apply the experimental simulation technigues to the human airborne movement studies. This package consists of 3 programs: simulation variable computation program (PREP), simulation program (SIM) and the 3-dimensional graphic program (3DMAN). All programs are driven by an easy-to-use menu system and written compatible to KWON3D Motion Analysis Package Version 2.1 (Kwon, 1993b). Program PREP consists of 4 menus: `Edit Data´, `Prepare´ `Angular Momentum´ and `Optimization´. The `Edit Data´ environment is an editor for the lengths of the segments and body lines. The `Prepare´ menu computes the internal orientation angles of the segments while the `Angular Momentum´ menu computes the mean airborne angular momentum of the body and other initial conditions such as the initial position and velocity of the body CM and the initial external orientation of the body. The `Optimization´ menu performs angular momentum optimization proposed by Kwon (1993a). A geometric 15-segment body model - Yeadon-Kwon model (Kwon, 1993b) - with at most 38 degrees of freedom including 3 external orientation angles (somersault, inclination and twist angles) was employed to compute the simulation variables. SIM consists of 2 menus: `Edit Angles´ and `Simulate´. The `Edit Angles´ environment is an editor for the internal orientation angles of the segments. Users can intentionally manipulate the internal orientation angles for the simulation of modified trials. The program displays time-angle curves segment by segment. The `Simulate´ menu actually performs simulation. The initial conditions can be directly manipulated in the program menu environment. The simulation program was tested by several theoretical configurations to screen out the flaws in the theory and to isolate coding mistakes. The simulated results were compared with the predicted results and the program showed good agreements between the simulated results and the theoretical predictions. The simulation program was then applied to several gymnastic maneuvers and springboard dives for testing. 3DMAN was developed in the extension of the traditional `Stick Figure´ graphics. The program is segment-oriented and the 3-D shape of each segment is defined defined independently in a graphic model file to allow the users to use different body models with different, combinations of segments. The model file was designed easy to edit so as to allow the users to change the graphic model easily to meet their specific needs. The graphic model file can be edited using any text editor such as `EDIT´ of DOS. Once the `3-D Graphics´ option is activated followed by the registration of the graphic model files, the program draws the 3-D shapes of the segments whose model files are registered. All the graphics-related menus including registration of the segment graphic model files are accessible within the graphic environment.

개선된 영상 질 지표에 기반한 그레이 영상의 이진화

권순학(Soon H. Kwon) 한국지능시스템학회 2020 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.30 No.3

영상의 질을 평가하는 대표적인 측도로 엔트로피와 평균밝기오차 절대값 등이 있다. 일반적으로 엔트로피는 영상의 세세한 부분에 대한 표현 정확도를 나타내는 곳에 사용되고, 평균밝기오차 절대값은 전체 영상에 있어서 밝기 변화를 나타내는 데 주로 사용되고 있다. 이 이외에도 최근 Kwon은 엔트로피나 평균밝기오차 절대값이 임계화를 위한 측도로서는 의미가 있으나 절대적 기준이라는 보장은 없다고 지적하고 새로운 영상 질 측도를 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 Kwon이 제안한 영상 질 측도가 갖는 문제점을 검토하고 이를 바탕으로 개선된 영상 질 지표를 제안하고 이를 그레이 영상의 이진화 과정에 적용한다. 끝으로, 9개의 시험 영상에 대하여 컴퓨터 모의실험을 수행하여 기존 기법, 즉 오츠 기법 및 Kwon의 영상 질 평가 측도와의 정량적 그리고 정성적 성능 비교 및 검토를 통하여 제안된 지표의 효용성을 보인다. As the most representative measures evaluating for the quality of images, there are entropy and absolute mean brightness error(AMBE), and etc. In general, entropy is used to measure the richness in details of the image and the AMBE mainly used for providing a change in the image global appearance. In addition to these, Kwon recently proposed a new image quality measure(IQM) on the basis of assumption that even though the entropy and AMBE are good indexes for thresholding of images but not absolute ones. In this paper, we propose an advanced image quality index(AIQI) based on Kwon’s IQM and apply it to binalization of gray images. Finally, the effectiveness of AIQI is demonstrated by quantitative and qualitative performance comparison with results obtained by the computer simulation on well-known nine test images with those of Otsu’s method and IQM-based method.

Two New Terrestrial Isopoda (Crustacea, Isopoda, Philosciidae) from Northern Luzon, the Philippines of Burmoniscus

Kwon, Do-Heon 한국동물분류학회 2002 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.18 No.1

필리핀의 루손섬 북부의 산악지대인 바나우에와 인근에서 채집된 Burmoniscus Collinge, 1914 속의 2신종을 B. ifugaoensis와 B. taitii로 명명하고 기재하였다. B. ifugaoensis는 B. novabritannicus(Vandel, 1973)나 B. yunnanensis Kwon and Taiti, 1993과 형태가 유사하나, 수컷의 제1복지 외지의 말단부가 훨씬 더 신장되었고, 내지의 말단부에 독특한 강모열을 갖는 점에서 구분된다. B. taitii는 B. punctatus Taiti, Ferrara and Kwon, 1992과 수컷의 제1복지 내지의 형태가 유사하지만 수컷의 독특한 반문 머리의 형태, 수컷의 제1복지 외지의 짧은 말단부로 쉽게 식별된다. Two new species of the genus Burmoniscus collinge, 1914, B. ifugaoensis and B. taitii are described from Banaue and adjacent area, mountainous district in the northern Luzon, the Philippines. B. ifugaoensis is morphologically similar to B. novabritannicus(Vandel, 1973) and B. yunnanensis Kwon and Taiti, 1993, but is distinguished by the much elongated distal part of male pleopod 1 exopod and the peculiar setation on the distal part of male pleopod 1 endopod. B. taitii is similar to B. punctatus Taiti, Ferrara and Kwon. 1992 in the shape of male pleopod 1 endopod, but is easily distinguished by the peculiar coloration of male, the morphology of cephalon, and the shorter distal part of male pleopod 1 exopod.

조선후기 동성촌락 구성원의 통혼 양상

권내현(Kwon Nae-Hyun) 한국사연구회 2006 한국사연구 Vol.132 No.-

The nobility of Joseon period intended to maintain their social position through marriage with people whose surname were prominent. They also concentrated on establishing marriage relations with specified surnames in accord with their own families through accumulated experiences between generations. Concentrated on 16 surnames were more than half the 117 surnames of Andong Kwons' female spouses, the subjects of analysis. This phenomenon became generalized only after the 17th century when the base for the single-lineage village was beginning to be established. Because a circle to offer marriage could not be concentrated unless a surname group who asserts a certain figure to be its famous ancestor in a specified area resided and the trend that other family prefers such member as a spouse extended. Though there was a time gap, close corelation existed between the development of the single-lineage village and concentration of a circle to offer marriage. Seeing from the standpoint of a marriage area, the nobility wanted to obtain their spouses as from far as possible. But, due to the influence of famous the single-lineage village formed in their neighborhood, they obtained most of their spouses from nearby area(Gun, Hyeon) or, even at the farthest, within province(Do). In case of the Andong Kw?n families, marriage within Myeon was 7.4%, marriage within Gun was 26.7% and the remains were expected to be marriage within Do including nearby Gun and Hyeon. The ratio similar to such ratio showed in the late Joseon period as well as in a recent famous the single-lineage village. This is another case where the tradition of the late Joseon period was handed down to today. In the meantime, it was revealed that the ratio of remarried couples who came from the same Gun and Hyeon was very high compared with that of remarried couples whose spouses came from other area. In case of remarriage, a circle to offer marriage was more limited to the inside of an area, which was related to the discrepancy in age between husbands and wives and the social standing of their families. That is, the average gap in age of husbands and wives who got married for the first time was 3.4 years old, but in case of most of remarried couples, the husbands were older than wives and the gap in age was 12.3 years old. Also, from the viewpoint of economical power based on the scope of retaining servants or social standing judged through production of central government officials, in most cases, the families of the subjects of remarriage were inferior in strength to those of the subjects of first marriage. Unlike remarriage, a concubine was not acknowledged as a formal wife and thus her descendant was treated discriminatively. Illegitimate lines of the Andong Kwon lineage in this area accounted for 28% of the total members, showing high ratio. The illegitimate lines whose social standing were lower than legitimate lines were restricted in marriage and even the ratio of remarriage were only half of that of legitimate lines. But, illegitimate lines formed the single-lineage village on the basis of the same identity, kinship relation, and certain economical power, maintaining their own circle to offer marriage. Instead a village whose solidarity based on kinship relation and economical power is weak and where legitimate and illegitimate lines were mixed, the scope of selecting a spouse were more restricted.

GIS기반 동남 광역권 산업체 정보시스템 구축 및 활용

남광우 ( Kwang Woo Nam ),권일화 ( Il Hwa Kwon ),박준호 ( Jun Ho Park ) 한국지리정보학회 2014 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.17 No.1

광역 교통망 및 통신기술의 발전에 따라 광역경제권의 활성화를 위한 협력체계의 중요성이 날로 증대되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 동남권 광역경제권을 대상으로 GIS 기반의 산업체 정보 공유를 목적으로 동남권 산업체 정보시스템을 구축하였다. 동남권의 경우 제조업 중심의 산업 집적지로서 행정경계를 넘어 산업체간의 근접성과 연결성을 고려한 효율적인 산업 클러스터 및 협력체계 운영이 요구된다. 정보시스템의 DB 구축을 위해 부산, 울산, 경남에서 구축되어진 산업체 DB를 활용하여 정보시스템을 구축한 바, 각 지자체간 데이터의 불일치와 GIS기반의 위치정보 미흡으로 인한 여러 가지 문제점을 발견하였다. 이의 해결을 위해서는 수집 및 배포, 활용과정을 고려한 표준화가 시급한 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 산업체 정보의 공간정보화를 위해 지적도와 수치지도를 활용하여 웹상에서 관리자-사용자 쌍방향간의 정보생성 및 단계별 접근이 가능한 2-way 방식의 산업체 정보시스템을 구축하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 동남권 산업육성을 위한 협력체계 및 공동대응을 위한 산업체 정보 공유체계의 기초적 틀을 제공하였다는 데 그 의의가 있다고 하겠다. Following the technology developments of traffic network and communication for the wide area, the importance of the cooperation system to vitalize the wide area economy is increasing. Therefore, in this study, DongNam Kwon industry information system is established for the industrial information sharing based on GIS in the DongNam Kwon wide area economy. The DongNam Kwon is an industrial integration area centered with the manufacturing so that the operation of effective industrial cluster and cooperation systems are required across the administrational boundaries. To establish the database of the information, the information system was established utilizing already established industrial databases in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam. But, various issues caused by the discordances among the data of each local government and the insufficiency of GIS based location information have been found. According to the analysis, the standardization considering the courses of collection, distributions and utilization are required immediately to solve the issues. This study establishes an 2-way industrial information system enabling the information creation and the phased approach between the administrator and the user in the bi-directions on the web by utilizing cadastral and numerical maps. The result of this study would have a meaning in providing a fundamental frame for cooperative responses and cooperation system for DongNam Kwon``s industrial promotion using industrial information sharing.

Development of High efficiency Food Waste Treatment System for Entering New and Renewable Energy Industry in Southeast Asia

Kwon,Ki-Tae,Lee,Woo-Sik,Kwon,Lee-Seung,Seong,Seung-Hwan,Kim,Young-Do,Kwon,Woo-Taeg 한국유통과학회 2019 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2019 No.-

It is possible not only to treat high concentration organic matter such as food wastes but also to utilize food wastes as resources according to the bio-energy generation such as methane. The method of co-digestion of mixed wastewater mixed with organic wastes such as sewage sludge concentrated waters together with drinking wastewater is the most ideal method. Radiation not only has germicidal power in water treatment, but also is effective in decomposing degradable organic matter. Second chemical contamination problem is also solved because it does not use chemicals. Introduction of radiation pretreatment system to solve problems caused by mixing of waste water and organic waste resources. Biological electrochemical fusion system is used to remove the nutrients contained in the organic matter-removed mixture. Through the development of a system for treatment of high concentration wastewater, the processing efficiency is verified through the universal water treatment system for wastewater containing high concentration organic matter in addition to treatment of wastewater.

과학 개념 학습을 위한 수업 절차와 전략

권재술 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1992 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.2 No.1

In this study, five learning models were compared and discussed in terms of their learning procedures and learning strateies. After a brief introduction of each model, the author discussed the differences and similarities among the five learning models. As a result, Kwon's procedual learning (Kwon, 1989) seemed to encompass almost all the learning models proposed by the other four author. All the models emphasized the importance of cognitive conflict. However, I.K.Kim(1991), Park(1992) and Y.M.Kim(1991) seemed to be concentrated their attention on the cognitive conflict between concepts; while Hashweh and Kwon emphasized cognitive conflict between cognitive structure and environment. The study also suggested more study on the empirical evidence of the three kinds of the cognitive conflicts proposed by Kwon(1989) and on the development of learning strategies to induce and overcome the cognitive conflicts.

Old English Breaking and Anglian Smoothing Revisited: An Optimality-theoretic Account

Kwon,Young-Kook 한국언어학회 2009 언어 Vol.34 No.2

This paper reexamines a sequence of sound changes, i.e. Old English Breaking and Anglian Smoothing, based on the representational account in Kwon (2004). With a battery of markedness and well-formedness constraints along with faithfulness constraints, and with the constraint-reranking mechanism, this paper shows that an Optimality-theoretic approach can successfully account for these two seemingly paradoxical sound changes in OE. The results of this paper will also show that sound changes like Old English Breaking and Anglian Smoothing, both occurring largely in the same phonological environment, have to be understood as non-directional fluctuation between two opposite tendencies and thus make a strong case for non-teleological sound changes.

<아홉 켤레의 구두로 남은 사내> 의 빈자리 채워 읽기

권희돈(Hee Don Kwon) 한국현대소설학회 2001 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.14

We, until now, have found the undecided and blanked places in this novel, and so filling with a kind of supposition and memory which we may have or have of it. All taken place by the undecided and blanked places was originated from the structure by a series on this novel, which have the intervals and changes of this time, the diversity in the voices of the narrative, the symbols, the episodes and the transformations of the character of hero, Mr, kwon. These constituent of the creation and appearance should be related with the character, furthermore, we must focus, with the framework of this novel, on the character´s transformations. These transformations of the character, Mr , kwon, go through the three steps. A self-righteous hero, first, was Mr, kwon, who, second course, showed as a snooty fellow after destroying by firing the nine pares of shoes of his own with the truth in his mind. At last he changes to a kind of problem character who we can find his mercy, and sublimity on giving a sneering laugh to readers of this novel. These center of transformation-steps represents a kind of risk about his survival. so he realized not a private problem but a social structure-problem which have bothered him. In other words, there is a process which the lower middle class perceives a contradiction in social structure. The writer wants it is read, in this text, that there is struggling in a group against the social structure-corruption and it´s only a possible means of revolution and must be. It´s a cross sectional view that we went though 1970´s for struggling and a tragic hoping. It´s a looking for the identity of a person and society which is and was deepening their difference, naturally, corrupted. and so the novel, the man with nine pares of shoes, is founded on what should be, not for what must be of resisting against power. Nevertheless, I will suppose that it was and is the writer´s vision that the arden passion and truth of an intellectual class, bring a kind of balance of the period.

소규모 하수처리를 위한 파일럿 규모 이중슬러지 KNR^® (Kwon's nutrient removal) 시스템의 영얌염류 제거성능 평가

안진영,권중천,김윤학,정유훈,김두언,유선호,김병우,An, Jin-Young,Kwon, Joong-Chun,Kim, Yun-Hak,Jeng, Yoo-Hoon,Kim, Doo-Eon,Ryu, Sun-Ho,Kim, Byung-Woo 한국청정기술학회 2006 청정기술 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구에서 소규모 하수고도처리를 위한 이중슬러지(Dual sludge) $KNR^{(R)}$ (Kwon's nutrient removal) 시스템이 개발되었다. $KNR^{(R)}$ 시스템은 부유성장식 탈질미생물과 부착성장식 질산화미생물을 분리시킨 이중슬러지 공정으로 최초침전조, 혐기조, 무산소조, 농축조의 복합기능을 수행하는 UMBR (Upflow multi-layer bioreactor)과 펠렛형 담체가 충진된 호기성 담체조로 구성되어 있다. 소규모 하수처리시 본 개발공정의 안정성과 처리성능을 평가하기 위해 처리용량 $50m^3/d$ 규모의 파일럿 플랜트를 고도처리 공정으로 개선공사 중인 처리용량 $50m^3/d$ 규모의 실제 소규모 마을하수처리장에 적용하였다. UMBR과 담체조의 체류시간은 각각 4.7 h와 7.2h이었으며, 반응조 수온은 $18.1{\sim}28.1^{\circ}C$이었다. 유입 하수량과 유입수의 BOD/N의 변동폭이 컸음에도 불구하고 파일럿 플랜트는 안정된 처리성능을 보였다. 전체 실험기간 중 처리수의 $COD_{cr}$, $COD_{Mn}$, $BOD_5$, TN, TP의 평균 농도는 11.0 mg/L, 8.8 mg/L, 4.2 mg/L, 3.5 mg/L, 9.8 mg/L, 0.87/0.17 mg/L (poly aluminium chloride(PAC) 투입/미투입)이었으며, 제거율을 각각 95.3%, 87.6%, 96.3%, 96.5%, 68.2%, 55.4/90.3% 이었다. 잉여슬러지 발생량은 $A_2O$와 Bardenpho 등과 같은 단일슬러지를 이용하는 고도처리공정과 비교시 약 1.9~3.8배 낮은 $0.026kg-DS/m^3$ and 0.220 kg-DS/kg-BOD로 나타났다. A simple dual sludge process, called as $KNR^{(R)}$ (Kwon's Nutrient Removal) system, was developed for small sewage treatment. It is a hybrid system that consists of an UMBR (Upflow multi-layer bioreactor) as anaerobic and anoxic reactor with suspended denitrifier and a post aerobic biofilm reactor, filled with pellet-like media, with attached nitrifier. To evaluate the stability and performance of this system for small sewage treatment, the pilot-scale $KNR^{(R)}$ plant with a treatment capacity of $50m^3/d$ was practically applied to the actual sewage treatment plant, which was under retrofit construction during pilot plant operation, with a capacity of $50m^3/d$ in a small rural community. The HRTs of a UMBR and a post aerobic biofilm reactor were about 4.7 h and 7.2 h, respectively. The temperature in the reactor varied from $18.1^{\circ}C$ to $28.1^{\circ}C$. The pilot plant showed stable performance even though the pilot plant had been the severe fluctuation of influent flow rate and BOD/N ratio. During a whole period of this study, average concentrations of $COD_{cr}$, $COD_{Mn}$, $BOD_5$, TN, and TP in the final effluent obtained from this system were 11.0 mg/L, 8.8 mg/L, 4.2 mg/L, 3.5 mg/L, 9.8 mg/L, and 0.87/0.17 mg/L (with/without poly aluminium chloride(PAC)), which corresponded to a removal efficiency of 95.3%, 87.6%, 96.3%, 96.5%, 68.2%, and 55.4/90.3%, respectively. Excess sludge production rates were $0.026kg-DS/m^3$-sewage and 0.220 kg-DS/kg-BOD lower 1.9 to 3.8 times than those in activated sludge based system such as $A_2O$ and Bardenpho.