구제역 Asia1 백신의 방어 유전형 분석

이여주 ( Yeo Joo Lee ),초가기 ( Jia Qi Chu ),이서용 ( Seo Yong Lee ),김수미 ( Su Mi Kim ),이광녕 ( Kwang Nyeong Lee ),고영준 ( Young Joon Ko ),이향심 ( Hyang Sim Lee ),조인수 ( In Soo Cho ),남석현 ( Seok Hyun Nam ),박종현 ( Jong H 한국가축위생학회 2011 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

Asia1/Shamir that has been recommended by World Reference Laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is used as a vaccine strain, and is being prepared in many countries including Korea. Although it is assumed that vaccine strain Asia1/Shamir has a wide antigenicity, sufficient molecular biological analysis has not been accomplished yet. Complete genome sequence analysis showed that the region with the most severe variations was 1D region of structural protein-coding sequence; particularly amino acid 141~157 residues in 1D region RGD sites for binding to susceptible cells. In addition, five amino acids in 1D region were identified as characteristic sites that are different from other known Asia1 viruses. Asia1/Shamir strain was shown to be genetically similar to group VI that had occurred in the Middle East, but showed low level of genetic similarity to the group V viruses that had occurred in the Southeast Asia and China. It is considered that, if these viruses, group I and II including group V are introduced into Korea, care would be paid in case of inoculating the vaccine strain Shamir available in Korea.

구제역 Asia1 백신주의 전체 염기서열분석 및 특성

이여주 ( Yeo Joo Lee ),초가기 ( Jia Qi Chu ),이서용 ( Seo Yong Lee ),김수미 ( Su Mi Kim ),이광녕 ( Kwang Nyeong Lee ),고영준 ( Young Joon Ko ),이향심 ( Hyang Sim Lee ),조인수 ( In Soo Cho ),남석현 ( Seok Hyun Nam ),박종현 ( Jong H 한국가축위생학회 2011 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most infectious diseases affecting cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. Seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus with multiple subtypes within each serotype have been identified until now. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the outbreak of the serotype Asia1 reported from China, Mongolia and North Korea since 2005 is mostly classified into genetic group V. Though it has been recommended that Asia1 Shamir strain can be used as a high priority vaccine by World References Laboratory for FMD, the complete nucleotide sequences of the strain has not yet been determined. In this study, to be prepared for Asia1 type viruses that may be brought into Korea, the complete genome sequence of this vaccine strain Asia1 Shamir including its 5` and 3` non-coding region was identified.

사슴에서의 구제역 증상과 전파 가능성

박종현 ( Jong Hyeon Park ),이광녕 ( Kwang Nyeong Lee ),김수미 ( Su Mi Kim ),고영준 ( Young Joon Ko ),이향심 ( Hyang Sim Lee ),조인수 ( In Soo Cho ) 한국가축위생학회 2010 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) commonly infects cloven-hoofed livestock animals such as cattle, pig, sheep, and goat and its clinical signs are well-known. Besides livestock, FMD can be transmitted among cloven-hoofed animals in the wild. FMD mostly affects livestock animals in farms, but, wild animals are likely to play a pivotal role in spreading the disease due to their way of free living. In the case of deer, the clinical signs of FMD vary widely from subclinical to severe infections. Thus, in some deer species, it may be hard to verify clinical signs of FMD. A deer may carry the virus up to 11 weeks after exposure, shedding the virus during the period. However, deer is not considered as a typical host for persistent infection like buffalo, cattle or sheep. In Korea, small-scale livestock farms which have less than 10 animals make up 63.6% of the entire livestock farms. Considering raising environment in deer farms, it is assumed that the risk of virus excretion and consequent transmission of FMD among deers is relatively lower than other cloven-hoofed animals. However, Sika deer and Elk which are typical deer species in Korea would manifest mild to subclinical symptoms upon FMD infection. Therefore, laboratory testing is necessary to confirm FMD in these animals because of difficulty in verifying clinical signs and the risk of virus shedding during inapparent infection.

구제역의 공기 전파 조건

복종현 ( Jong Hyeon Park ),이광녕 ( Kwang Nyeong Lee ),김수미 ( Su Mi Kim ),고영준 ( Young Joon Ko ),이향심 ( Hyang Sim Lee ),허은정 ( Eun Jeong Heo ),권창희 ( Chang Hee Kweon ),양창범 ( Chang Bum Yang ) 한국수의공중보건학회 2008 예방수의학회지 Vol.32 No.3

사람 및 동물에 대한 소 엔테로바이러스 항체 분포 조사

박종현,김수미,방민우,이광녕,고영준,이향심,심항섭,조인수,Park, Jong-Hyeon,Kim, Su-Mi,Bang, Min-Woo,Lee, Kwang-Nyeong,Ko, Young-Joon,Lee, Hyang-Shim,Shim, Hang-Sub,Cho, In-Soo 대한수의학회 2009 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.49 No.3

Bovine enteroviruses (BEVs) were separated into two groups, BEV-1 and BEV-2. BEVs, found in cattle worldwide, usually cause asymptomatic infections and are excreted in the feces of infected animals. Antibodies against BEV have been found in different species including human, cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, horses and monkeys in the world. This study aimed to investigate prevalence of the neutralizing antibodies for BEVs in human and animals in Korea. Antibodies against BEV-1 in humans, cattle, pigs, goats, horses and dogs were shown to be 46.8%, 48.3%, 70.6%, 11.5%, 11.5% and 6.3% respectively. Also, antibodies against BEV-2 were shown to be 98.7%, 68.1%, 89.2%, 59.4%, 9.4% and 96.9% respectively. We found that the neutralizing antibodies against these viruses are common in Korea. The prevalences of antibodies against BEV-1 were lower than those against BEV-2 in humans and in all animals except horses. These results showed that the BEV is considered endemic in cattle in many regions in Korea.

사회연결망 분석을 통한 축산시설 차량이동 네크워크의 허브시설 도출

이경주(Gyoung-Ju Lee),박선일(Son-Il Park),이광녕(Kwang-Nyeong Lee),김한이(Han-Yee Kim),박진호(Jin-Ho Park),홍성조(Sungjo Hong) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.6

축산시설 사이의 차량이동은 국내에서 가축전염병 확산의 주요 원인이다. 이 같은 상황에서 본 연구는 축산시설의 차량이동 네트워크에서 주요한 위치를 차지하는 허브시설을 도출하고, 그 특성을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 농림축산검역본부의 KAHIS(Korea Animal Health Intergrated System)에서 제공하는 축산시설의 차량 진출입자료를 활용하였다. 허브시설의 도출에는 사회연결망 분석의 대표적인 중심성 지표인 연결정도 중심성과 매개 중심성 지표를 활용하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 축산시설의 차량이동 네트워크에는 다른 시설에 비하여 매우 높은 중심성 지표 값을 가지는 소수의 허브 시설이 존재한다. 둘째, 연결정도 중심성 기준의 허브시설은 사료공장, 집유장, 도축장, 도계장, 가축시장이다. 셋째, 매개 중심성 기준의 허브시설은 가축시장, 사료공장, 도축장이다. 넷째. 연결정도 중심성에 기반한 허브시설은 특정지역에 집중되어 입지하고 있으나, 매개 중심성에 따른 허브시설을 상대적으로 고르게 분포하고 있다. 다섯째, 중심성 지표에 따른 허브시설은 시간이 지나도 상당히 안정적으로 유지된다. 본 연구는 축산시설 사이의 차량이동이 가축 전염병 전파의 주요 원인으로 지목되는 상황에서, 방대한 진출입 자료를 활용하여, 허브시설을 도출하였다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study was to derive and analyze the hub facilities that occupy major positions in the vehicle movement networks of livestock facilities. For this purpose, this study used the KAHIS data provided by Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. The hub facilities were derived from the degree centrality & betweenness centrality. The analysis results are summarized as follows. First, in a livestock facility"s vehicle movement network, there are a small number of hub facilities with very high centrality indicator values compared to other facilities. Second, the hub facilities based on the degree centrality are the feed factory, the milk collecting center, slaughterhouse, slaughterhouse for chicken, and livestock markets. Third, the hub facilities based on the betweenness centrality are the livestock markets, the feed factory, and slaughterhouse. Fourth, hub facilities based on the degree centrality are concentrated in a particular area, but the hub facilities based on betweenness centrality are distributed relatively evenly.

주요 혈청형 구제역바이러스의 발생분포와 분자역학적 분석

박종현 ( Jong Hyeon Park ),이광녕 ( Kwang Nyeong Lee ),김수미 ( Su Mi Kim ),고영준 ( Young Joon Ko ),이향심 ( Hyang Sim Lee ),조인수 ( In Soo Cho ) 한국가축위생학회 2009 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus exists in seven serotypes and is known to be a highly contagious disease that is hard to eradicate from the world. The O, A, Asia1 and SAT2 serotypes commonly infected cattle, sheep and goats during 2007~2009 throughout the world. In particular, the outbreak of the Asia1 serotype in China appeared in all areas from 2005 and is still present. Surprisingly, in 2009, Taiwan reported the first outbreak of the type O serotype since 2001. Then type A appeared in China for the first time since the early 1960s. The virus shows a close relationship to the viruses from Southeast Asia suggesting one or more recent introductions into China in the OIE reports. Recently the subtype of A/Iran05 spread to nearby countries exhibiting genomic evolution. The use of molecular epidemiology is an important tool in understanding and consequently controlling the FMD virus. The phylogenetic analysis with VP1 gene was especially useful for molecular epidemiological studies and showed the same pattern which matches with serotype classification. This paper describes basic information about the disease, and the serotype-specific characteristics and evolution to perform molecular epidemiological analysis. Furthermore, we show the importance of the genetic evolution on the FMD serotypes in global surveillance and molecular epidemiology of FMD for outbreak investigation.

동아시아 유래 구제역바이러스 Asia1혈청형과 백신항원의 면역학적 상관성

박종현,고영준,김수미,이향심,이광녕,조인수,Park, Jong-Hyeon,Ko, Young-Joon,Kim, Su-Mi,Lee, Hyang-Sim,Lee, Kwang-Nyeong,Cho, In-Soo 대한수의학회 2009 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.49 No.3

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the most contagious disease of mammals. The use of inactivated vaccine can be chosen to prevent or control FMD. However, vaccination against one serotype of FMDV doses not cross-protect against other serotypes and may not protect fully against some strains of the same serotype. Appropriate selection of vaccine strain is an important element in the control of FMD. The immunity of vaccine antigens should be matched against newly circulating viruses. The phylogenetic analysis of serotype Asia1 reported from China, Mongolia, North Korea and Russia since 2005 shows that they are all classified into genetic group V, but the strain, Asia1/Shamir (ISR/89) which have been used as a vaccine strain in Korea, is clustered into different genetic group. So, in this study the serological relationship between the isolate (Asia1/MOG/05; MOG) and the Shamir strain was determined by ELISA and virus neutralization test. Even though the matching value of the virus (MOG) against the vaccinated sera in target animals was not so high, the vaccinated animals elicited antibodies enough for protection after vaccinated once or twice. Conclusively, we suggest that the vaccine containing Asia1/Shamir antigen could protect the genetic group V strains circulating in East Asia currently if vaccinated twice or the more.

차량이동 네트워크에서의 축산시설 연결중심성과 가축 전염병 발생 사이의 관계

이경주(Gyoung-Ju Lee),박선일(Son-Il Pak),이광녕(Kwang-Nyeong Lee),김한이(Han-Yee Kim),박진호(Jin-Ho Park),홍성조(Sungjo Hong) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.12

주기적으로 발생하는 가축전염병으로 인한 국가적 손실이 매우 크다. 또한 우리나라에서 차량이동이 가축전염병의 주요 원인인 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 같은 상황에서, 본 연구는 축산차량의 이동 네트워크에서 축산시설의 구조적 위치와 전염병의 발생 사이의 관계를 실증분석하였다. 이를 위하여 KAHIS에서 제공하는 축산차량의 시설 진입 데이터를 활용하여 축산차량 이동 네트워크를 구축하였다. 구축된 네트워크에서 시설별로 중심성 지표를 도출하고, 전염병이 발생한 시설과 비발생 시설의 지표 평균을 비교하였다. 분석결과 첫번째 가설인 “전염병 발생시설의 연결정도 중심성은 비발생 시설보다 크다.”는 옳은 것으로 나타났다. 전체시점과 시점별 분석을 실시한 결과 대부분의 자료에서 가축전염병이 발생한 시설의 연결정도 중심성이 비발생 시설에 비하여 통계적으로 크게 나타났다. 두 번째 가설인 “HPAI에서 발생시설과 비발생시설 사이의 연결중심성 차이가 FMD에서의 차이보다 작다.”는 전체시점 자료에서 옳은 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 시점을 나누어서 분석한 결과에서는 뚜렷한 차이를 찾을 수 없었다. 연구의결과에 따른 정책적 시사점은다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 연결정도 중심성에 기반한 시설의 사전 관리가 필요하다. 두 번째, 우제류 농가의 경우 연결중심성에 기반한 관리정책의 도입이 보다 시급하다. The national loss caused by the periodic livestock epidemic is very large. In addition, vehicle movement is the main cause of livestock epidemics in Korea. In this context, this study analyzed the relationship between the degree centrality of livestock facilities and the outbreak of infectious diseases. For this purpose, a livestock vehicle movement network was constructed using the facility entrance data provided by KAHIS. Afterwards, the centrality index was derived for each facility in the vehicle movement network and the mean centrality index of the epidemic and non-epidemic facilities were compared. The analysis results are summarized as follows. First, the degree centrality of epidemic facilities is significantly greater than non-epidemic facilities. As a result of the analysis of the entire period data and the period-based data, in most data, the degree centrality of facilities where livestock infectious diseases occurred was significantly greater than most non-occurrence facilities. Second, in the entire period data, the difference in degree centrality between the epidemic and non-epidemic facilities was smaller for HPAI than for FMD. On the other hand, no significant difference was found in the results of the analysis according to the divided period. The policy implications of the results are as follows. First, proactive management of facilities based on centrality is needed. Second, in the case of cloven-hoofed animal facilities, it is more urgent to introduce a management policy based on the degree centrality.

축산차량 이동 네트워크에 기반한 가축 전염병 방역권역 설정

이경주(Gyoung-Ju Lee),박선일(Son-Il Pak),이광녕(Kwang-Nyeong Lee),박진호(Jin-Ho Park),홍성조(Sungjo Hong) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 축산차량의 이동이 빈번하게 일어나는 공간적 범위(방역권역)를 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 KAHIS에서 제공하는 축산차량의 시설 진입자료 중에서 6개 시점의 자료를 활용하였다. 이 자료를 축산시설간의 차량이동자료로 변환하고, 이를 행정구역단위로 취합하여 행정구역간의 OD자료를 구축하였다. 구축된 OD 자료를 활용한 R-mode 요인분석을 실시하여 동일요인으로 추출된 지역을 하나의 권역으로 판단하였다. 분석결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 6개 시점 자료의 요인분석을 실시한 결과 16개~18개의 요인이 도출되었으며, 도출된 요인은 전체 분산의 63~68%를 설명하였다. 두 번째, 도출된 요인을 바탕으로 지역을 구분한 결과, 전남남해안지역, 전남지역, 전북지역, 충남서해안지역, 경남지역, 경북북부지역, 영남동해안지역은 시점에 따른 변화가 적은 안정적인 지역으로 나타났다. 반면, 충북지역, 강원도지역, 수도권지역은 상대적으로 변화가 큰 지역이다. 세 번째, 6개 시점의 자료를 종합하여 강원권역, 경기남부권역, 경기북부권역, 경남권역, 경북남부권역, 경북북부권역, 남해안권역, 대전권역, 동해안권역, 전남권역, 전북권역, 충남권역, 충북권역의 13개 권역을 도출하였다. The purpose of this study is to derive spatial area(preventive zone) where the movement of livestock vehicles occurs frequently. For this purpose, this study used 6 periods facility entrance data provided by KAHIS. This data was converted into vehicle movement data between livestock facilities and aggregated into administrative district units. The R-mode factor analysis was performed on the constructed OD data, and the region extracted by the same factor was judged as one region. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows. First, the factor analysis of 6 periods data showed 16 ~ 18 factors, and the derived factors explained 63 ~ 68% of the total variance. Second, based on the factors that were derived, Jeonam coastal area, Jeonnam area, Jeonbuk area, Chungnam coastal area, Gyeongnam area, northern Gyeongbuk area, Yeongnam costal area were found to be stable, with little change over time. On the other hand, Chungbuk area, Gangwon area, Seoul metropolitan area are relatively volatile areas. Third, 13 areas were derived by combining data from six periods.