http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Counting What Will Count: How to Empirically Select Leading Performance Indicator
Koen Pauwels,Amit Joshi 강원대학교 경영연구소 2011 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.2 No.2
Facing information overload in today’s complex environments, managers look to a concise set of marketing metrics to provide direction for marketing decision marking. While there have been several papers dealing with the theoretical aspects of dashboard creation, no research creates and tests a dashboard using scientific techniques. This study develops and demonstrates an empirical approach to dashboard metric selection. In a fast moving consumer goods category, this research selects leading indicators for national-brand and store-brand sales and revenue premium performance from 99 brand-specific and relative-to-competition variables including price, brand equity, usage occasions, and multiple measures of awareness, trial/usage, purchase intent, and liking/ satisfaction. Plotting impact size and wear-in time reveals that different kinds of variables predict sales at distinct lead times, which implies that managerial action may be taken to turn the metrics around before performance itself declines.
Public Health and Community Health Education in South Africa
Koen, Daleen Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion 1999 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol. No.
The term public health is used today when the health of a population is referred to. Before we look at public health, we should know the meaning of health. It is, however a difficult concept to define. The World Health Organisations definition of health, states that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity (WHO Constitution 1947). Health, in this context, is placed in an idealistic sphere that is unattainable in everyday life.(omitted)
Microfinance Product Diversification
Koen Rossel-Cambier 한국라틴아메리카학회 2011 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.24 No.3
This paper aims at gaining deeper understanding of the possible effects of combined microfinance (CMF) product delivery. By means of a case-study on the City of Bridgetown (COB), one of the leading credit unions in Barbados, it explores the possible opportunities and challenges dealing with CMF. This case-study suggests that CMF, especially the combination credit-savings, may enhance the cost-efficiency of loan delivery and that it can generate economies of scope for marketing purposes. Savings is at the heart of the growth strategy of the credit union and has contributed to its current large breadth of outreach. The case-study suggests that CMF can also lead to increased costs and new financial risks for MFIs. It brings forward the complex interaction dynamics between different financial products which can lead to a domino effect of cumulative access barriers. Especially unbankable clients, with limited financial capacity, a challenging risk profile and exposed to information asymmetry, are vulnerable to these elements if no appropriate measures are being taken.
Factors influencing endoscopic estimation of colon polyp size in a colon model
Koen Robert Beukema,Jaimy A. Simmering,Marjolein Brusse-Keizer,Sneha John,Rutger Quispel,Peter B. Mensink 대한소화기내시경학회 2022 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.55 No.4
Background/Aims: Colorectal polyps are removed to prevent progression to colorectal cancer. Polyp size is an important factor for risk stratification of malignant transformation. Endoscopic size estimation correlates poorly with pathological reports and several factors have been suggested to influence size estimation. We aimed to gain insight into the factors influencing endoscopic polyp size estimation. Methods: Images of polyps in an artificial model were obtained at 1, 3, and 5 cm from the colonoscope’s tip. Participants were asked to estimate the diameter and volume of each polyp. Results: Fifteen endoscopists from three large-volume centers participated in this study. With an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–0.71) for diameter and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.50–0.62) for volume. Polyp size estimated at 3 cm from the colonoscope’s tip yielded the best results. A lower distance between the tip and the polyp was associated with a larger estimated polyp size. Conclusions: Correct endoscopic estimation of polyp size remains challenging. This finding can affect size estimation skills and future training programs for endoscopists.