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Attenuated reovirus displays oncolysis with reduced host toxicity
Kim, M,Garant, K A,zur Nieden, N I,Alain, T,Loken, S D,Urbanski, S J,Forsyth, P A,Rancourt, D E,Lee, P W K,Johnston, R N Nature Publishing Group 2011 The British journal of cancer Vol.104 No.2
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Although the naturally occurring reovirus causes only mild symptoms in humans, it shows considerable potential as an oncolytic agent because of its innate ability to target cancer cells. In immunocompromised hosts, however, wild-type reovirus can target healthy tissues, including heart, liver, pancreas and neural structures.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>We characterized an attenuated form of reovirus (AV) derived from a persistently infected cell line through sequence analysis, as well as western blot and <I>in vitro</I> transcription and translation techniques. To examine its pathogenesis and oncolytic potential, AV reovirus was tested on healthy embryonic stem cells, various non-transformed and transformed cell lines, and in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with tumour xenografts.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Sequence analysis of AV reovirus revealed a premature STOP codon in its sigma 1 attachment protein. Western blot and <I>in vitro</I> translation confirmed the presence of a truncated <I>σ</I>1. In comparison to wild-type reovirus, AV reovirus did not kill healthy stem cells or induce black tail formation in SCID mice. However, it did retain its ability to target cancer cells and reduce tumour size.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>Despite containing a truncated attachment protein, AV reovirus still preferentially targets cancer cells, and compared with wild-type reovirus it shows reduced toxicity when administered to immunodeficient hosts, suggesting the potential use of AV reovirus in combination cancer therapy.</P>
Probabilistic risk assessment of dietary cadmium in the South Korean population
Kim, M.,Wolt, J.D. Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2011 Food additives & contaminants. Part A. Chemistry, Vol.28 No.1
<P>Global interest in the adverse health effects of cadmium (Cd) has focused on dietary exposure as the principal source of Cd exposure to the general population. Common assumptions used in deterministic Cd assessment in global or regional diets have limitations when applied to specific national cases where local variation in food composition and consumption patterns are different than for global or regional norms. Stochastic dietary Cd exposure assessment was conducted for the general South Korean population to understand better Cd dietary intake. Because rice (Oryza sativa) is commonly and highly consumed by Koreans, it was the dominant contributor to Cd in the diet, representing on average 25% of the total dietary exposure for the general population. Hazard index (HI) values were below the level of concern for the 95th percentile of the general population. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that variation in rice intake and Cd concentration had the greatest influence on the Cd risk estimate for the general population. Changes in food sources, such as the use of imported rice with higher Cd levels, would lead to increased Cd exposure in the diet, thus necessitating continued vigilance as to the status of Cd within the food supply.</P>
Kim, M.,Chae, H.J.,Kim, T.W.,Jeong, K.E.,Kim, C.U.,Jeong, S.Y. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2011 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.17 No.3
SAPO-34 is the most well-known catalyst for MTO (methanol to olefins) reaction because of its good selectivity to light olefins. However, SAPO-34 catalyst is rapidly deactivated by coke, and thus it should be used in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors so that the deactivated catalyst can be continuously regenerated. To apply a catalyst into a CFB reactor, strong mechanical strength of the catalyst as well as good catalytic performance is critical. Therefore, in this study, fluidizable spherical SAPO-34 catalysts to be applied to MTO CFB reactor have been prepared through a spray-drying method, and a formulation composition has been optimized, including binders, matrix materials and additives. In particular, the effects of catalyst phase and acidic solution as an additive have been examined using XRD, N<SUB>2</SUB> isotherm, attrition test, pore size distribution, SEM and TEM.