정상 임신에서 임신주기에 따른 갑상선기능의 변화

김원배,정재훈,윤보현,이석인,김민선,오태근,조보연,이홍규,고창순 대한내분비학회 1994 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.9 No.3

It is well known that normal pregnancy is accompanied by a rise in serum concentrations of thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Alterations of biochemical parameters of thyroid function are recognized during gestation and sensitive tests to evaluate the alterations easily are required. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was undertaken in 140 healthy pregnant women to evaluate the efficacy of free T_4 measured by 2-step RIA compared to other thyroid function tests and to confirm the changes of thyroid function according to the stages of normal pregnancy. The sensitivities of free T_4 index, free T_4(by 2-step RIA), T_3 and TSH were realtively high(99.3%, 93.6%, 92.9%, 83.6%, respectively) compared to those of T_4 and T_3 bead upgake(49.3%, 21.4%) during all stages of pregnancy. There were positive correlations between free T_4 index and free T_4 or total T_4(r=0.68, r=0.72; p$lt;0.001). The values of free T_4 index sharply decreased from 3.22+-0.10(meam +-SEM) during 6th-12th week to an plateau after 16th-20th week of gestation(p$lt;0.01). The serum concentrations free T_4 and T_3 bead uptake also significantly decreased from 1.65+-0.05 ng/dl, 24.7+- 0.7% during 6th-12th week to an plateau after 16th-20th week of gestation, respectively(p$lt;0.001), No differences were found in the changes of serum concentrations of T_3, T_4 and TSH according to the stages of pregnancy. In conclusion, it is adequate to measure some tests including free T_4 index and free T_4 to evaluate thyroid function during pregnancy. The thyroid physiology and changes of thyroid function according to the stages of pregnancy should be considered in the interpretation of thyroid function status during pregnancy(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 9: 183-189, 1994).

Preparation and characterization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) using partially sulfonated poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) triblock copolymer as a polyelectrolyte

Kim, T.,Kim, J.,Kim, Y.,Lee, T.,Kim, W.,Suh, K.S. Elsevier 2009 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.9 No.1

An aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was prepared using a partially sulfonated poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (s-SBS) as a polyanion. For the preparation of s-SBS, poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) was sulfonated to four different levels ranging from 44.1 to 64.8mol%. These sulfonated polymers were characterized with IR spectroscopy and <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR analysis to confirm sulfonation reaction. The preparation of the PEDOT complex was carried out through the chemical polymerization method in which the EDOT monomer starts to polymerize in the presence of s-SBS, resulting in an aqueous dispersion of PEDOT/s-SBS complex. The DC conductivities of PEDOT/s-SBS complexes were found to increase from 0.0003 to 0.05s/cm as the sulfonation level of the corresponding s-SBS increases, which is consistent with the data recorded by UV-vis spectrophotometer. From the XPS experiments, it was concluded that the concentration of PEDOT-rich phase in the PEDOT/s-SBS increases as the sulfonation level of s-SBS increase, thus facilitating the charge transport along the doped PEDOT chains.

20대 여성의 신발종류에 따른 족저압 영역별 비교 연구

김용재,지진구,김정태,홍준희,이중숙,이훈식,박승범 한국운동역학회 2004 한국운동역학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Y. J. KIM, J. G. JI, J. T. KIM, J. H. HONG, J. S. LEE, H. S. LEE, S. B. PARK. A comparison study for mask plantar pressure measures to the difference of shoes in 20 female. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 83-98, 2004. The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest of plantar pressures using the F-Scan system over speeds and plantar regions. 6 healthy female subjects in 20's were recruited for the study. Plantar pressure measurements during locomotor activities can provide information concerning foot function, particularly if the timing and magnitude of the loading profile can be related to the location of specific foot structures such as the metatarsal heads. The Tekscan F-Scan system consists of a flexible, 0.18mm thick sole-shape having 1260 pressure sensors, the sensor insole was trimmed to fit the subjects' right. left shoes - sneakers shoes & dress shoes. It was calibrated by the known weight of the test subject standing on one foot. The Tekscan measurements show the insole pressure distribution as a function of the time. This finding has important implications for the development of plantar pressure test protocols where the function of the forefoot is important. According to the result of analysis it is as follows : 1) Center of force trajectory in women's dress shoes display direct movement, compare with center of force trajectory in Sneaker shoes displays a little bit curved slow pronation movement. Sneaker shoes in forefoot part display very quick supination movement, therefore, this shoes effects negative effectiveness for ankle's stability. Considering center of force trajectory analyzing, the more center of force close straight line, the more movement can be quick movement for locomotion. For foot pressure distribution, center of force trajectory in locomotion is better to curved trajectory with pronation movement. So sneaker shoes style is good shoes considering center of pressure distribution trajectory compare with women's dress shoes. 2) Women's dress shoes increased peak pressure in medial, this is effected by high hill's height. The more increased women's dress shoes's height, the more women's peak pressure will increase, pronation can increase compare with before. Supination movement increase, this focused pressure in lateral, also, supination increased more. If the supination movement increased, foot pressure focused in lateral, therefore, it is appeared force distribution in gait direction. This is bad movement in foot's stability. 3) Women's dress shoes in landing phase displayed a long time, this is when women's dress shoes wear, gait movement is unbalance, so, landing phase displayed a long time. For compensation in gait, swing phase quick movement. 4) Women's dress shoes displayed peak pressure distribution in lateral of rearfoot part, Sneakers shoes displayed peak pressure distribution in medial of forefoot part. Its results has good impact absorption compare with women's dress shoes. In forefoot part, sneakers shoes has good propulsive force compare with women's dress shoes.

Programmed cell death ligand 1 alleviates psoriatic inflammation by suppressing IL-17A production from programmed cell death 1-high T cells

Kim, J.H.,Choi, Y.J.,Lee, B.H.,Song, M.Y.,Ban, C.Y.,Kim, J.,Park, J.,Kim, S.E.,Kim, T.G.,Park, S.H.,Kim, H.P.,Sung, Y.C.,Kim, S.C.,Shin, E.C. Mosby 2016 The journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.137 No.5

<P>Background: Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin. Recently, IL-17-producing T cells have been shown to play a critical role in psoriatic inflammation. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a coinhibitory receptor expressed on T cells in various chronic inflammatory diseases; however, the expression and function of PD-1 during psoriatic inflammation have not previously been characterized. Objective: We examined PD-1 expression on IL-17A-producing T cells from imiquimod-treated mice and patients with psoriasis. Additionally, we investigated the therapeutic effect of recombinant programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein on imiquimod-induced psoriatic inflammation. Methods: PD-1 expression on IL-17A-producing gamma delta T cells from imiquimod-treated mice was examined by means of multicolor flow cytometric analysis. In the psoriatic skin of patients, PD-1 and IL-17A expression was analyzed by using immunofluorescence. The therapeutic effect of PD-L1-Fc fusion protein (PD-L1-Fc) was assessed in imiquimod-treated mice ex vivo and in vivo. Results: During imiquimod-induced psoriatic inflammation, PD-1 is overexpressed on CD27(-)V gamma 1(-) gamma delta T cells. Furthermore, PD-1 expression on IL-17A(+) T cells was confirmed in psoriatic skin tissues from patients and imiquimod-treated mice. In the CD27(-)V gamma 1(-) gamma delta T-cell population, V gamma 4(-) gamma delta T cells with V gamma 6 mRNA expression showed a high level of PD-1 expression. Furthermore, these PD-1(hi)V gamma 4(-)(V gamma 6(+)) gamma delta Tcells were specialized for anti-CD3-induced IL-17A production, which was inhibited by PD-L1-Fc treatment. In imiquimod-treated mice PD-L1-Fc reduced psoriatic inflammation when given alone and enhanced the therapeutic effect of anti-p40 when given in combination. Conclusion: PD-1 is overexpressed in IL-17A-producing T cells in both imiquimod-treated mice and patients with psoriasis. Moreover, recombinant PD-L1-Fc alleviates psoriatic inflammation in imiquimod-treated mice.</P>

<i>S100A9</i> and <i>EGFR</i> gene signatures predict disease progression in muscle invasive bladder cancer patients after chemotherapy

Kim, W. T.,Kim, J.,Yan, C.,Jeong, P.,Choi, S. Y.,Lee, O. J.,Chae, Y. B.,Yun, S. J.,Lee, S. C.,Kim, W. J. Oxford University Press 2014 Annals of Oncology Vol.25 No.5

<P>In our previous gene expression profile analysis, IL1B, S100A8, S100A9, and EGFR were shown to be important mediators of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of these gene signatures to predict disease progression after chemotherapy in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic MIBC. Patients with locally advanced MIBC who received chemotherapy were enrolled. The expression signatures of four genes were measured and carried out further functional analysis to confirm our findings. Two of the four genes, S100A9 and EGFR, were determined to significantly influence disease progression (P = 0.023, 0.045, respectively). Based on a receiver operating characteristic curve, a cut-off value for disease progression was determined. Patients with the good-prognostic signature group had a significantly longer time to progression and cancer-specific survival time than those with the poor-prognostic signature group (P < 0.001, 0.042, respectively). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, gene signature was the only factor that significantly influenced disease progression [hazard ratio: 4.726, confidence interval: 1.623-13.763, P = 0.004]. In immunohistochemical analysis, S100A9 and EGFR positivity were associated with disease progression after chemotherapy. Protein expression of S100A9/EGFR showed modest correlation with gene expression of S100A9/EGFR (r = 0.395, P = 0.014 and r = 0.453, P = 0.004). Our functional analysis provided the evidence demonstrating that expression of S100A9 and EGFR closely associated chemoresistance, and that inhibition of S100A9 and EGFR may sensitize bladder tumor cells to the cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The S100A9/EGFR level is a novel prognostic marker to predict the chemoresponsiveness of patients with locally recurrent or metastatic MIBC.</P>

Phase II study of S-1 combined with oxaliplatin as therapy for patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer: influence of the <i>CYP2A6</i> polymorphism on pharmacokinetics and clinical activity

Kim, K-p,Jang, G,Hong, Y S,Lim, H-S,Bae, K-s,Kim, H-S,Lee, S S,Shin, J-G,Lee, J-L,Ryu, M-H,Chang, H-M,Kang, Y-K,Kim, T W Nature Publishing Group 2011 The British journal of cancer Vol.104 No.4

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Advanced biliary cancer is often treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug, and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic biliary cancer.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic biliary cancer and no history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy were enrolled. Oxaliplatin was administered intravenously (130 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>), followed by 14-day administration of oral S-1 (40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> twice daily) with a subsequent 7-day rest period every 21 days. Pharmacokinetic analysis of S-1 was performed at cycle 1. Patients were genotyped for <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphisms (<SUP>*</SUP>1, <SUP>*</SUP>4, <SUP>*</SUP>7, <SUP>*</SUP>9 or <SUP>*</SUP>10), and pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters compared according to the <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>In total, 49 patients were evaluated, who received a median of four cycles. The overall response rate was 24.5%. Median progression-free and overall survival was 3.7 and 8.7 months, respectively. The most common haematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicity was neutropenia (14%), while non-hematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicities included anorexia (14%), nausea (12%), asthenia (10%), vomiting (10%), and diarrhoea (4%). Biotransformation of S-1 (AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of 5-fluorouracil/AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of tegafur) was 1.85-fold higher for the <I>*1/*1</I> group than for the other groups (90% confidence interval 1.37–2.49). Diarrhoea (<I>P</I>=0.0740), neutropenia (<I>P</I>=0.396), and clinical efficacy (response rate, <I>P</I>=0.583; PFS, <I>P</I>=0.916) were not significantly associated with <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype, despite differences in 5-FU exposure.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>The combination of S-1 and oxaliplatin appears to be active and well tolerated in patients with metastatic biliary cancer, and thus is feasible as a therapeutic modality. <I>CYP2A6</I> genotypes are associated with differences in the biotransformation of S-1. However, the impact of the <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphism on variations in clinical efficacy or toxicity requires further evaluation.</P>

포장방법과 저장조건이 돈육 등심의 저장성 및 보수력에 미치는 영향

허선진,주선태,오성현,김영직,김영환,이정일,박구부 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.1

To investigate the effects of packaging method and storage condition on meat quality, a total of eight pork loins were selected from a commercial meat plant at 24 hr postmortem. The loins were cut to 2.5㎝ thick steaks and were randomly assigned to the five treatment combination; vacuum packaging and submersion in chilled salt water(SCSW)(T1), non-vacuum packaging and submersion in chilled salt water (T2), vacuum packaging and storage in conventional refrigerator(SCR)(T3), non-vacuum packaging and storage in conventional refrigerator(T4), and wrap packaging and storage in conventional refrigerator(TS). All samples were stored at 0℃ for 20 days to measure color of meat(CIE L*, a*. b*), pH, drip loss, purge loss %, lipid oxidation (TBARS; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and total plate counts (TPC). CIE L* and b* value of SCSW(T1, 2) samples were significantly(P$lt;0.05) lower than SCR samples when they were measured at storage 20 days. The sample of SCSW(T1, 2) showed significantly(P$lt;0.05) lower pH than those of SCR(T3, 4, 5) during storage. The sample of SCSW(T1, 2) showed significantly(P$lt;0.05) higher Drip loss than those of SCR(T3, 4, 5) during 5 days storage. T2 showed the lowest purge loss % whereas T3 remarked the highest purge loss %. The samples of SCSW showed significantly(P$lt;0.05) lower TBARS than those of SCR during storage. TPC was samples of SCSW(T1, 2) showed significantly(P$lt;0.05) lower than other treatments. These results suggested that NVP(non-vacuum packaging) and SCSW could reduce purge loss and discoloration, and extend shelf-life of pork loin.

한우에 대한 농후사료 (濃厚飼料) 급여가 전체사료의 에너지사용효율 및 비육에 미치는 영향

이상철(S . C . Lee),이봉재(B . J . Lee),강태홍(T . H . Kang),김강식(K . S . Kim) 한국영양사료학회 1988 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.12 No.4

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis infections in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Korea

Kang, S.W.,Doan, H.T.T.,Noh, J.H.,Choe, S.E.,Yoo, M.S.,Kim, Y.H.,Reddy, K.E.,Nguyen, T.T.D.,Van Quyen, D.,Nguyen, L.T.K.,Kweon, C.H.,Jung, S.C. Elsevier 2013 Parasitology international Vol.62 No.6

Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis are important zoonotic pathogens with worldwide distributions. In Korea, several outbreaks of human toxoplasmosis and trichinellosis due to the consumption of infected wild animals have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and T. spiralis infections in wild boars killed in Korea from December 2009 to October 2011. A total of 521 wild boars hunted in eight provinces were examined for antibodies to T. gondii and T. spiralis by using commercial ELISA kits. Overall, 25.1% of serum samples from individual boars were seropositive for T. gondii and 1.7% were seropositive for T. spiralis. Seropositive for T. gondii was found in the boars in all the eight provinces investigated and for T. spiralis in four provinces. This is the first report on the seroprevalence of T. gondii and T. spiralis infections in wild boars in Korea. The consumption of undercooked wild boar meat may expose humans to a high risk of infection.

Levels of 4-1BB transcripts and soluble 4-1BB protein are elevated in the adipose tissue of human obese subjects and are associated with inflammatory and metabolic parameters

Tu, T H,Kim, C-S,Kang, J-H,Nam-Goong, I S,Nam, C W,Kim, E S,Kim, Y I,Choi, J I,Kawada, T,Goto, T,Park, T,Yoon Park, J H,Choi, M-S,Yu, R Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 International journal of obesity Vol.38 No.8

Background:4-1BB, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, has a role in various inflammatory pathologies through its interaction with 4-1BB ligand. We previously demonstrated that it participates in initiating and promoting obesity-induced adipose inflammation in a rodent model.Objective:In this study, we examined whether 4-1BB is related to obesity-induced adipose inflammation and metabolic parameters in humans.Methods:A total of 50 subjects, 25 obese (body mass index (BMI)⩾25 kg m<SUP>−2</SUP>) and 25 lean (BMI<23 kg m<SUP>−2</SUP>) participated in the study. The levels of 4-1BB transcripts and soluble 4-1BB protein (s4-1BB) in subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Inflammatory and metabolic parameters were measured by enzymatic analysis and immunoassay.Results:Obese subjects had higher levels of both 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue than lean controls, and the levels were correlated with BMI and the expression of inflammatory markers, as well as with serum metabolic parameters. Moreover, s4-1BB was released from human adipocytes, and elicited chemotactic responses from human monocytes/T cells as well as enhancing their inflammatory activity, indicating that it may promote human adipose inflammation.Discussion:Our data demonstrate that elevated levels of 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB in adipose tissue are closely associated with obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. They suggest that both 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB could serve as novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic syndrome in humans.