四君子湯에서 甘草의 抗酸化劑로서의 役割

김형환,조수인,이용태,김인락 대한본초학회 1999 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

The immune response is dependent on phagocyte function. When this function is deficient or enhanced, the patient is susceptable to a large variety of disease. Enhanced function results in an over active immune response. This study was carried out to investigate whether water extracts of Sijunzi-Tang and Radix Glycyrrhizae have inhibitory effect of neutrophil superoxide generation and cell injury. Superoxide was generated by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) stimulated by tert-butylhydroperoxide(t-BHP), and was measured by luminol and its detector chemiluminometer. The inhibitory effect of extracts against t-BHP induced superoxide generation was dose-dependent in the range of 0.1~1% concentrations. Cell injury was estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), and lipid peroxidation was examined by measuring malondialdehyde(MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. When rat renal cortical slices were treated I mM t-BHP, water decocted herbs inhibited LDH release from the slices as partially dose depecdent manner. It shows that herbs can reduce cytotoxicity, but over dose can be toxic to the slices. And MDA measurement shows the effect of Sijunzi-Tang and Radix Glycyrrhizae inhibiting cytotoxicity from oxidants, partially depend on preventing lipid peroxidation of cells. HPLC data shows the antioxidative effect of Sijunzi-Tang depends on the effect of Radix Glycyrrhizae. So further studies should be followed to make clear the mechanisms of antioxidative effects.

파인블랭킹 공정 시 클리어런스 및 V링 형상의 영향에 관한 연구

김형락,박종연,김형종 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究 Vol.24 No.A

Fine blanking can be considered as a manufacturing process capable of producing sheet metal parts with completely smooth edges that may be hardly obtained by conventional shear-cutting procedures. This fact, together with the considerable economic advantages offered by this process, has been responsible for the rapid acceptance of fine blanking throughout the manufacturing industry all over the world, and the discovery of many new applications. This study was performed to investigate the effect of clearance and V-ring shape on the quality of sheared surface in a fine blanking process. The critical value needed to apply the normalized Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion to the simulation of fine blanking is obtained by correlating the result of finite element analysis and that of experiment for the uniaxial tensile test. From finite element analysis of an axisymmetric fine blanking process. It has been found that punch load, die-roll depth, burnish zone size and shape of sheared surface are considerably influenced by clearance and V-ring shape.

차세대 무선 통신 시스템을 위한 안테나 신기술

김형락,권세웅,황광선,윤영중 延世大學校 電波通信共同硏究所 2002 電波通信論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

차세대 통신 시스템에서 공통적으로 요구하는 소형화, 광대역화, 집적화추세에 따라 RF소자는 광대역화, 소형화, 집적화를 향해 발전하고 있으며 안테나 기술도 현재 추세에 발맞추어 소형화, 능동집적화, 광대역화를 통하여 개발 방향을 모색하고 있다. 본고에서는 현재 추세인 소형 안테나, 능동 안테나와 더불어 최근 관심이 집중되고 있는 임펄스 통신에 이용될 수 있는 초광대역 안테나 기술에 대해 소개한다. The technical trends of the next generation wireless communication are miniaturization, broad-band operation, and integration. Thus, in accordance with this trend, RF devices and components are being developed in such way, and same with the antenna. In this paper, technology of small antenna, active antenna, and ultra wideband antenna, which can be applied to impulse communication system, are introduced.

Lex Credendi to Lex Orandi? - The Eucharistic Sacrifice Controversy in the Sixteenth Century -

Kim, Hyung-Rak 한국실천신학회 2010 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.25

In the sixteenth century, the controversy of the Eucharistic sacrifice emerged as a result of Luther’ concerns that the doctrine of the Eucharistic sacrifice of the Roman Church was considered even deficient or blasphemous. For the reformers including Luther, this contradiction that existed between the Eucharistic rite and Eucharistic theology was one of the major reasons for the reformers’ opposition to the Roman Church. This liturgical conflict between the reformers and the Roman Church also caused a separation in the way the rituals of the Protestant Eucharistic liturgy and the Roman Catholic Mass were practiced. Succeeding the notion of 'Eucharistic sacrifice' of the Christian leaders of the early Christian church, the medieval Roman Catholic scholars developed this notion as one of the most important Eucharistic theologies as well as the doctrine of Eucharistic change, transubstantiation. This notion, however, misused in practical area unlike its theological area, and theological notion is even related to the corruption of Roman Catholic Mass. Confronting to Roman Catholic Church's misuse of the doctrine of 'Eucharistic sacrifice,' the reformers shaped their own Eucharistic liturgies. Especially, Martin Luther objected the Roman Catholic notion of Eucharistic sacrifice, very severely. The reason for his rejection was that the notion of Eucharistic sacrifice of medieval Roman Catholicism was the theological basis of benefit of grace by God through the Eucharist that church practiced. Luther deleted all kinds of orders in medieval Roman Mass that were related to the notion of Eucharistic sacrifice because it contradicted to Luther's theological slogan of reformation, "Sola Fidei!" This controversy presents an important example that the doctrine (lex credendi) influenced the liturgy (lex orandi) in Protestant tradition.

上空靜脈症候群 : Dacron 曠置手術1例 Dacron by pass Graft between the Left Innominate Vein and the Right Atrial Appendage

金炯默,金鍾仁,金光宇,金庸樂,徐景弼 최신의학사 1968 最新醫學 Vol.11 No.3

A fifty-eight years old farmer was admitted with typical superior vena Cava syndrome. Cubital venous pressure was 42 cm H2O with marked swelling of face, neck, and, upper half of the body and headache. A tumor was noted in the posterior superior mediastinum by laminography. Preoperative cavography showed the occluded superior vena cava and maked collaterals. Crimped dacron graft was inserted between the left innominate vein and right atrial appendage. Postoperatively symptoms were relieved markedly, showing edema free face and decreased cubital venous pressure of 26.5 cm H2O. At the time of discharge-- one month after the grafting-. the patient was symptom free and cavogram showed patent graft. Histologically biopsied tumor was metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of probable bronchogenic origin. Total dose of 3150 r x-ray irradiation was administered during two weeks period, beginning on the eleventh postoperatvie day Up to this date, three months after operation, the patient is free of symptoms.

Study on physicochemical properties of U3+ in LiCl-KCl eutectic media at 773 K

Kim, Tack-Jin,Jung, Yongju,Shim, Joon-Bo,Kim, Si-Hyung,Paek, Seungwoo,Kim, Kwang-Rak,Ahn, Do-Hee,Lee, Hansoo Springer-Verlag 2011 JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Vol.287 No.1

Regional Analysis of Soft Tissue Thickness on Korean Buttocks and Application to Fasciocutaneous Flap Design

Kim, Do Yup,Choi, Hyun Nam,Park, Jin Hyung,Kim, Sin Rak,Kim, Hyun,Han, Yea Sik Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.2

Background Various shapes and designs of the gluteal artery perforator flap have been used for treating sacral pressure sores and reconstructing breasts. To establish the ideal fasciocutaneous flap design for use in the gluteal area, the soft tissue thickness distribution was measured. Methods Twenty-one buttocks of adult Korean cadavers were analyzed through rectangular subfascial dissection. Each buttock was divided horizontally into 10 sections and vertically into 10 sections, and then, the thickness at the corners of the sections was measured. For the sake of comparison and statistical verification with living bodies, computed tomography (CT) images of 120 buttocks of patients were randomly selected. Five horizontal sections and 4 vertical sections were made, and the thickness at each corner was recorded. Results According to the dissection and the CT images, the area with the thinnest soft tissues in the buttock was around the posterior superior iliac spine, close to the sacral area. The thickest area was the superolateral area of the buttock, which was 3.24 times and 2.15 times thicker than the thinnest area in the studies on cadaver anatomy and the CT images, respectively. Conclusions The thickness of the soft tissues in the buttocks differed by area. The superolateral area had the thickest soft tissues, and the superomedial area had the thinnest. This study includes information on the distribution of the thickness of the gluteal soft tissues of Koreans. The outcome of this study may contribute to the design of effective local flaps for pressure sore reconstruction and free flaps for breast reconstruction.

Next-generation sequencing of BRCA1/2 in breast cancer patients

Hyung Seok Park,Seo-Jin Park,Jee Ye Kim,Sanghwa Kim,Jaegyu Ryu,Joohyuk Sohn,Seho Park,Gun Min Kim,In Sik Hwang,Jong-Rak Choi,Seung Il Kim 대한외과학회 2017 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.92 No.5

Purpose: We evaluated the clinical role of rapid next-generation sequencing (NGS) for identifying BRCA1/2 mutations compared to traditional Sanger sequencing. Methods: Twenty-four paired samples from 12 patients were analyzed in this prospective study to compare the performance of NGS to the Sanger method. Both NGS and Sanger sequencing were performed in 2 different laboratories using blood samples from patients with breast cancer. We then analyzed the accuracy of NGS in terms of variant calling and determining concordance rates of BRCA1/2 mutation detection. Results: The overall concordance rate of BRCA1/2 mutation identification was 100%. Variants of unknown significance (VUS) were reported in two cases of BRCA1 and 3 cases of BRCA2 after Sanger sequencing, whereas NGS reported only 1 case of BRCA1 VUS, likely due to differences in reference databases used for mutation identification. The median turnaround time of Sanger sequencing was 22 days (range, 14–26 days), while the median time of NGS was only 6 days (range, 3–21 days). Conclusion: NGS yielded comparably accurate results to Sanger sequencing and in a much shorter time with respect to BRCA1/2 mutation identification. The shorter turnaround time and higher accuracy of NGS may help clinicians make more timely and informed decisions regarding surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.

Correlation between Laser Energy and Response Characteristics of Laser-induced Tactile Sensation

( Hyung Sik Kim ),( Ji Sun Kim ),( Jae Hun Jun ),( Jong Rak Park ),( Sung Phil Kim ),( Seungmoon Choi ),( Sung Jun Park ),( Mi Hyun Choi ),( Soon Cheol Chung ) 한국감성과학회 2015 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.-

In this study, we compared the pulsed laser energy and response characteristics of tactile sense induced by pulsed laser irradiation to the index finger. 13 healthy adult males and 3 healthy adult females with an age of 21.2 ± 0.8 years were tested. A frequency-doubled 532 nm wavelength and 5 ns pulse width Q-switched laser was used. The experiment consisted of a total of 30 s included a 19 s of rest phase, a 7 s of stimulation phase, and a 4 s of response phase. During the rest phase, subjects put their index finger on the fixed frame. During the stimulation phase, one of three types of laser energy (1.3, 1.6, 1.9 mJ) were pulsed and sham stimulation was randomly presented. During the response phase, every responses after laser stimulation were recorded using PC numeric keypad by pressing a predefined number according to the feeling. The response characteristics were evaluated with three types of laser energies and contingency table was constructed to categorize the tactility caused by the laser stimulation. From the results, precision and specificity marks high standard. However an accuracy and sensitivity were not calculated high. Also, the laser energy and frequency of response were linearly correlated. It can be concluded that tactile sense can be induced and controlled using a pulsed laser.

Simulation study of the thermal and the thermoelastic effects induced by pulsed laser absorption in human skin

Kim, Jae-Young,Jang, Kyungmin,Yang, Seung-Jin,Baek, Jun-Hyeok,Park, Jong-Rak,Yeom, Dong-Il,Kim, Ji-Sun,Kim, Hyung-Sik,Jun, Jae-Hoon,Chung, Soon-Cheol 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol. No.

<P>We studied the thermal and the mechanical effects induced by pulsed laser absorption in human skin by numerically solving the heat-transfer and the thermoelastic wave equations. The simulation of the heat-transfer equation yielded the spatiotemporal distribution of the temperature increase in the skin, which was then used in the driving term of the thermoelastic wave equation. We compared our simulation results for the temperature increase and the skin displacements with the measured and numerical results, respectively. For the comparison, we used a recent report by Jun et al. [Sci. Rep. 5, 11016 (2015)], who measured in vivo skin temperature and performed numerical simulation of the thermoelastic wave equation using a simple assumption about the temporal evolution of the temperature distribution, and found their results to be in good agreement with our results. In addition, we obtained solutions for the stresses in the human skin and analyzed their dynamic behaviors in detail.</P>