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도시경관에 있어서 높이기준유형별 건축물의 형태적 특징에 관한 연구
김도년,임희지 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.8
Height control is about providing light and air on the streets and managing urban cityscape In order to achieve these goals, major cities in foreign countries are administering various unique height control methods that are adaptable to the city And by examining the architectural characteristics of the cities with various height control methods the following conclusions have been made In most modern cities excluding European historical cities paris and Berlin height limits are eased and controlled by each lot based on the widths of the adjacent streets There is a tendency to lighten the height limits as the height is controlled improvement as it interrupts the continuity of streets results in excessive tall towers and produces abnormal form of buildings like slanted facets Cities like New York and Tokyo, which previously controlled the height by lot are now adopting height-controlling by district in order to create unified street landscapes Recently seoul has introduced block height limits a form of district height controlling methods but it seems that there is a need for various height limits in the areas of atypical urban tissue and of unique characteristics so that they can be applied to the whole city.
지역경제 활성화를 위한 환경정비형 지구단위계획의 시행평가 연구
배웅규,김도년 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.2
The purpose of this study is to propose new District Unit Plan approach to meet changes in social and urban circumstances; existing built-up areas and the need for business improvement in the process of urban development. The paper's significance lies in that it shows a new direction in urban design which has been made into a district unit plan through in support of the application to the pilot project compared with previous physical and business environment. The proposed urban design technique for the improvement of existing commercial areas, specially commercial streets have advantages. Local Government' initiation makes possible to make improvement and give administrative and financial support which is sensitive to the existing conditions of urban area for the better environment. Also it can maintain and improve the vitality of existing retail street by taking into account it's potentiality. This new application can maximize not only the effect of improvement of existing commercial district but also the build of community board can be mutual communication channer of public sector. Thus, this research suggests how district unit plan as a newly organized urban design system can cope with collaborating a community board and a local government.
Usefulness of FibroScan for Detection of Early Compensated Liver Cirrhosis in Chronic Hepatitis B
Kim, Do Young,Kim, Seung Up,Ahn, Sang Hoon,Park, Jun Yong,Lee, Jung Min,Park, Young Nyun,Yoon, Ki Tae,Paik, Yong Han,Lee, Kwan Sik,Chon, Chae Yoon,Han, Kwang-Hyub Springer-Verlag 2009 Digestive diseases and sciences Vol.54 No.8
Kim, Beom Kyung,Kim, Do Young,Park, Jun Yong,Ahn, Sang Hoon,Chon, Chae Yoon,Kim, Ja Kyung,Paik, Yong Han,Lee, Kwan Sik,Park, Young Nyun,Han, Kwang Hyub Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Liver International Vol.30 No.4
<P>Abstract</P><P>Backgrounds</P><P>To optimize management and predict long-term clinical courses in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), noninvasive tests to determine the degree of hepatic fibrosis have been developed.</P><P>Aims</P><P>This study aimed to validate a simple, noninvasive FIB-4 index, which was first derived from an HCV–HIV-co-infected population, in patients with CHB and to compare it with other noninvasive tests for predicting cirrhosis.</P><P>Methods</P><P>From 2006–2008, a total of 668 consecutive CHB patients who underwent liver biopsies were enrolled. The fibrosis stage was assessed according to the Batts and Ludwig system by a single pathologist blinded to patients' data.</P><P>Results</P><P>For prediction of significant (<I>F</I>≥2) and severe (<I>F</I>≥3) fibrosis, and cirrhosis (<I>F</I>=4), the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves were 0.865, 0.910 and 0.926 respectively. In predicting cirrhosis, it demonstrated diagnostic values comparable to the age–spleen platelet ratio index (0.937, <I>P</I>=0.414) and age–platelet index (0.928, <I>P</I>=0.888), and better outcomes than spleen–platelet ratio index (0.882, <I>P</I>=0.007), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)–platelet ratio index (0.731, <I>P</I><0.001) and AST–alanine aminotransferase ratio index (0.730, <I>P</I><0.001). FIB-4 cut-offs of 1.6 and 3.6 provided 93.2% negative predictive value and 90.8% positive predictive value for detection of cirrhosis respectively. Based on these results, liver biopsy could be avoided in 70.5% of the study population. These cut-offs were validated internally using bootstrap resampling methods, showing good agreement.</P><P>Conclusions</P><P>FIB-4 is a simple, accurate and inexpensive method of predicting cirrhosis, with outcomes comparable to other noninvasive tests and may reduce the need for liver biopsy in the majority of CHB patients.</P>
Toward Modular Analysis of Supramolecular Protein Assemblies
Kim, Jaehoon,Kim, Jin-Gyun,Yun, Giseok,Lee, Phill-Seung,Kim, Do-Nyun American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of chemical theory and computation Vol.11 No.9
<P>Despite recent advances in molecular simulation technologies, analysis of high-molecular-weight structures is still challenging. Here, we propose an automated model reduction procedure aiming to enable modular analysis of these structures. It employs a component mode synthesis for the reduction of finite element protein models. Reduced models may consist of real biological subunits or artificial partitions whose dynamics is described using the degrees of freedom at the substructural interfaces and a small set of dominant vibrational modes only. Notably, the proper number of dominant modes is automatically determined using a novel estimator for eigenvalue errors without calculating the reference eigensolutions of the full model. The performance of the proposed approach is thoroughly investigated by analyzing 50 representative structures including a crystal structure of GroEL and an electron density map of a ribosome.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jctcce/2015/jctcce.2015.11.issue-9/acs.jctc.5b00329/production/images/medium/ct-2015-00329r_0015.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ct5b00329'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
A novel liver stiffness measurement-based prediction model for cirrhosis in hepatitis B patients
Kim, Beom Kyung,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Park, Jun Yong,Ahn, Sang Hoon,Chon, Chae Yoon,Kim, Ja Kyung,Paik, Yong Han,Lee, Kwan Sik,Park, Young Nyun,Kim, Do Young Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Liver International Vol.30 No.7
<P>Abstract</P><P>Backgrounds/aims</P><P>While liver stiffness measurement (LSM) predicts histological cirrhosis accurately, complementary methods are needed for better performance. Furthermore, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) influences LSM, making it necessary to modify its use in patients with high ALT levels. We developed a new LSM-based prediction model for cirrhosis and estimated the thresholds for different ALT levels.</P><P>Methods</P><P>From 2008 to 2009, we prospectively enrolled 330 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and underwent a liver biopsy and LSM on the same day. For detection of cirrhosis, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses, using the χ<SUP>2</SUP>-test/<I>t</I>-test and logistic regression respectively. Thereafter, a prediction model was derived from multivariate predictors.</P><P>Results</P><P>In multivariate analyses of patients with and without cirrhosis, we found significant differences in the LSM, spleen diameter and platelet count. Then, we developed an LSM–spleen diameter to platelet ratio index (LSPI): (LSM × spleen diameter/platelet count) × 100. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.956, significantly higher than LSM alone (0.919, <I>P</I>=0.032). We suggested different thresholds in patients with ALT≤upper limit of normal (ULN) (normal-ALT group, 164 patients) and ALT>ULN (high-ALT group, 166 patients). In the normal-ALT group, LSPI thresholds of 38 and 62 provided 95.7% negative predictive value (NPV) and a 95.5% PPV (positive predictive value), while in the high-ALT group, thresholds of 42 and 94 yielded 95.1% NPV and 96.4% PPV respectively. Therefore, liver biopsy could be avoided in 76.7% of the subjects.</P><P>Conclusions</P><P>LSPI is a useful, non-invasive tool that can replace liver biopsy in the assessment of liver fibrosis in the majority of CHB patients.</P>
Kim, Seung Up,Kim, Do Young,Park, Jun Yong,Lee, Jin Ha,Ahn, Sang Hoon,Kim, Ja Kyung,Paik, Yong Han,Lee, Kwan Sik,Chon, Chae Yoon,Choi, Eun Hee,Song, Ki Jun,Park, Young Nyun,Han, Kwang-Hyub Lippincott WilliamsWilkins, Inc. 2010 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Vol.44 No.1
GOAL: This study aimed to enhance the diagnostic accuracy by defining different cutoff liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values according to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and combining LSM with noninvasive models in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). BACKGROUND: Several studies have indicated that ALT influences LSM using FibroScan. STUDY: The study prospectively enrolled 200 patients (143 men, mean age 45.4 y) between June 2007 and November 2008 who had been diagnosed with CHB and underwent both liver biopsy and LSM on the same day. RESULTS: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) of LSM for predicting cirrhosis in patients with ALT ≤upper limit of normal (ULN) was higher than that of all patients or those with ALT >ULN and ≤2× ULN (AUROC=0.884 vs. 0.849 and 0.867). The cutoff LSM values for ≥F2, ≥F3, and F4 were 6.0, 7.5, and 10.1 kPa, respectively, in patients with ALT ≤ULN, whereas they were 8.9, 11.0, and 15.5 kPa, respectively, in those with ALT >ULN and ≤2× ULN. The combination of LSM and the age-spleen-platelet ratio index performed the best at predicting cirrhosis, regardless of ALT level (AUROC=0.917 in patients with ALT ≤ULN, 0.909 in those with ALT ≤2× ULN, and 0.894 in all patients). CONCLUSIONS: Different cutoff LSM values according to ALT level and combination with age-spleen-platelet ratio index can enhance the performance of LSM in CHB, regardless of ALT level.