最近 韓國敎育의 發展過程 : on the occasion of 30 years of promulgation of Educational Law

李起龍 牧園大學校 1980 論文集 - 牧園大學校 Vol.3 No.-

It has been 35 years since Korea was liberated. In that time a new government was formed and 30 years promulgated the Fundamental Law of Education. Meanwhile Korean education has gradually been developing in spite of some political and social problems. Especially in quantity, we have the rapidest growth that we never had. In the liberation year, the rate of educational population was only about 8% of all the population in Korea But today it is over 30%. So most of the children and the youth are now attending school. The elementary school are in the process of full compulsory education, and the middle schools are accommodating almost of the applicants. Therefore it is likely that we can see the establishment of a 9 years compulsory educational system. The unmber of secondary educational population has changed from about 80,000 in the liberation year to 4 millions today. The poprlation of Colleges and Universities has boys and girls of today in secondary and higher educational institutions are 60 times that of the 1945's while those in elementary schools as quadruple. The Fundamental Law of Education, which was promulgated on Dec. 31, 1949, prescribed the first object of education as that of making the people's characters complete and to giving them the capability of independable life as well as the democratic citizen quality, So that they may serve the development of a democratic state and may contribute to the realization of the ideal of all people's mutual prosperity in the world. After liberation in the late 1949's, the democratic educational system was introduced. In whirling 1950's we were able to sustain our democratic system; making the most of all laws and rules for curriculum of schools and teachers, as well as spreading out to the community schools despite of the many difficulties of the Korean war. In the 1960's, it was a revolutional age. The community School Movement continued and many parts of the educational law and the entrance system for middle school were changed through the 2nd and 3rd Republic after the April Revolution and Military Coup detat of the 1960's. In the 1970's, it was a growing Age. The Sae-Ma-Eul educational movement,(a Com-munity School Movement)and the socialization process of democratic education were vivi-dyl developed. The school system prescribed by the Educational Law, which was reformed 22 times, was changed to a small extent at the beginning of 1950's. But after that, it has been a standard form, so as to say,a "6-3-3-4" system. The normal schools for training elementary teachers were reformed by Junior Teachers' Training Colleges. Junior Colleges, Junior Professional Technical Colleges, and Junior Pro-fessional Colleges of higher educational institutions were changed into Junior Technical and vocational Colleges, and more special schools were founded. Though the curriculum was rebuilt many times and a normal education existed, the pre-parational curriculum for the entrance of only the higher schools influenced the curricul-um of the lower schools. Moreover the physical and mental strain of preparing for entr-ance exams. and fragmentary cramming education caused rapid inbumanization, human mec-hanization, and alienation, far from a cultivation of a trained human character. The worship of the almighty material and mammonism kept normal education from developing. And because the aspects of material were usually above those of spirit and the increase in quantity outdid that in quality, sincerity or industry suffered and a truthful education was not cultivated. So the economic growth which is not based on the aspect of spirit produced a tendency of luxury and waste. The selfishness which has not the quality of citizen became one of hindering factors in making a trend of mutual relience. The addition of unnecessary teacher's business in addition to teaching, the exess of puplis for each teacher, and the weakening of social, spiritual, physical attractive systems caused the schools to degrade in educational quality. The excessive political influence controled the effort to achieve the original object of education, regardless of the legal basis on the law, Articie 5,says, "Education should be administered based on it's original object, and not for the means of propaganda of political, partial and indivividual prejudice." Because we have exerted our best efforts to cultivate a qualitative democratic training system and self-realization despite these phenomena in a transitional period, I' dlike to anticipate the 1980's an educational system geared toward the spiritual development as well as the economical prosperity in the line of high developed countries.

架橋이온 交換전분에 의한 廢水의 金屬이온 除去 및 回收

河基龍,金宗植 啓明大學校 産業技術硏究所 1986 産業技術硏究所 論文報告集 Vol.8 No.-

A series of water insoluble cation exchange starches(ICESs) were prepared by saponification of crosslinked starch-g-polyacrylonitrile copolymer wwhich were prepared by the grafting of acrylonitrile to crosslinked starch by ceric ion. These starch products contain-COOH group which is effective in removing heavy metal cations such as ?? from industrial waste effluents. Increasing-COOH group content of ICESs in increased the amount of heavy metal removed. In the regeneration of ICESs, only small amount of ICESs were lost during extraction of the metal ions from the complexes by 2% hydrochloric acid, so that recovered ICESs can be used repeatedly to remove heavy metal cations from wastewater.

Carbon Black 存在下의 Vinyl Acetate 의 重合反應

河基龍 계명대학교 산업기술연구소 1985 産業技術硏究所 論文報告集 Vol.7 No.-

The bulk polymerization of vinyl acetate has been carried out in the presence of carbon black using initiators such as 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) and benzoyl peroxide (Bz₂O₂)in nitrogen atmosphere at 60˚C. Using vinyl acetate with negative value, a marked retardation was observed in Bz₂O₂ initiated polymerization in the presence of carbon black, while a moderate inhibition was found in the polymerization initiated by AIBN. On the basis of the results of the conversions of vinyl acetate, competitive reactions of 2-cyano-2-propyl radicals from AIBN and growing polymer radicals are suggested to occur preferentially on the surface of carbon black. The results are supported by the observation of the stability of the dispersion of the resulting carbon black in adequate solvents such as benzene and also by differential thermal analysis(DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the polymers bound to the surface of carbon black.

WDHA(Watery diarrhea, Hypokalemia, Achlorhydria) syndrome 1예

박기룡,김현영,김지혜,임영찬,최영식,박요한,최경현,이재화,장희경 고신대학교 의학부 2003 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.18 No.1

저자들은 부갑상선절제술 이후에도 교정되지 않는 고칼슘혈증과 계속된 수양성 설사로 인한 하지마비 및 전신쇠약을 주소로 내원한 70세 남자환자에서 일반 화학검사, 호르몬 건사, 방사선 검사 등으로 VIPoma와 동반된 MEN Ⅰ으로 진단하여 외과적 절제술 후 수양성설사, 저칼슘혈증 및 고칼슘혈증이 호전된 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Multiple endocrine neoplasia I (MEN Ⅰ) is a genetic disorder that consists of neoplasia of neuroendocrine type in the parathyroid glands, in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, and in the anterior pituitary gland. Primary hyperparathyroidism is most common feature of the MEN I and occurs is approximately 95% of patients. Pancreatic islet cell tumors occur in 40% of MEN I patients. Most of these tumors produce excessive amounts of hormone, such as gastrin, insulin, glucagon and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). VIP-producing pancreatic tumors (VIPoma) associated with MEN I are rare and there was only one case report in Korea so far. Recently we experienced a case of MEN I, especially VIPoma presented in a 70 year old man. He got subtotal parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism 5 months ago, but his symptoms of watery diarrhea, severe general weakness and paralysis of lower limbs were not improved and hypercalcemia, hypokalemia were persisted. On computerized tomography scan of abdomen, demonstrated a mass of 3㎝ in diameter at the tail of pancreas. Serum level of VIP hormone was 250pg/㎖ (normal range : 0∼23pg/㎖). After partial pancreatectomy, his symptoms were improved dramatically and biochemical parameters such as, serum potassium, calcium, and VIP returned to the normal ranges.

한국산 초롱꽃과 내 금강초롱꽃의 분류학적 위치: 형태 형질을 이용한 계통학적 분석

박기룡,고문석 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-

한국산 초롱꽃과(Campanulaceae) 7속 11분류군에 대해 외부형태 형질을 이용한 분계분석을 통해 Hanabusaya의 유연관계를 밝히고 Hanabusaya가 독립된 속으로 인정될 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 최소 가정의 원리를 이용하여 11개의 두단계 혹은 다단계의 형질을 분석하였다. Codonopsis에 속하는 두 개의 분류룬을 군외군으로 선택하여 분계도의 뿌리로 설정하였다. 가장 짧은 분계도는 일치도 0.706에 계통수 길이가 17단계였다. 위 분석을 통해 볼 때, Campanula glomerata var, dahurica가 Campanula에 속하는 다른 종들과 가장 가까운 유연관계를 나타내지 않고 Asyneuma와 Adenophora와 가까운 유연관계를 나타내므로 Campanula 속의 분류학적 한계에 대한 재검토가 필요하다. Hanabusaya는 Campanula 속안에 포함되지 않고 Campanula punctata와 C. takesimana와 자매군으로 가장 가까운 유연관계로 나타나기 때문에 Hanabusaya를 독립된 속으로 보는 것이 더 타당 하다고 추정된다. Reevaluating the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationship of Hanabusaya asiatica within Korean Campanulaceae, the cladistic analysis of Korean Campanulaceae was conducted using morphological characters from seven genera and 11 species. Codonopsis lanceolata and C. ussuriensis were used as outgroups for rooting the resulting trees. Cladistic analysis of the 11 characters resulted in a single most parsimonious tree of 17 steps with a consistency idex of 0.706. The topology did not support the monophyly of genus Campanula because C. glomerata var, dahurica nested within the Asyneuma and Adenophora clade instead of Campanula clade. The Korean endemic Hanabusaya asiatica formed a sister group of C. punctata plus C. takesimana, and was supported as an independant genus.

레이저 광응고 후 쥐 망막색소상피에서 transforming growth factor βs의 발현에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

남기룡 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.2

Among the various growth factors produced by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) after laser photocoagulation, transforming growth factor (TGF) β is known as a strong inhibitor of vascular endothelial cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical staining of the photocoagulated retina was done to evaluate the effects of laser photocoagulation on TGF β production and the relative intensity of immunoreactivity between different TGF β subtypes (β1, β2, β3). Argon blue-green laser photocoagulation was performed on the eyes of 20 Sprague-Dawley rate (40 eyes) and 5 rats (10 eyes) were used as the untreated group. The eyes were enucleated on day 3, 7, 14, 28 after laser photocoagulation and enrolled into the analysis of immunohistochemical localization of TGF βs. Immunoreactivity for TGF β1 & β2 in photocoagulated RPE was intense on day 3 and the intensity increased on day 7 after laser photocoagulation. However, the intensity decreased on day 14, but immunoreactivity still was present until day 28. The immunoreactivity was more intense for TGF β2 than β1 and difference in the intensity became more prominent after 14 days. No immunoreactivity was identified for TGF β3 in photocoagulated retina throughout 28 days. Laser photocoagulation increases production of TGF β1 & β2 at the laser burn site and surrounding RPE. Immunoreactivity to TGF β2 was more intense than that of TGF β1 and also lasted longer. This finding demonstrates that TGF β2 participates in the healing process of photocoagulated RPE and it seems that TGF β2, which inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, plays the most important role in regression of neovascularization.

멀티웨이브릿 변환 기반에서 통계적 추정 이론을 이용한 적응 워터마킹 기술에 관한 연구

권기룡,강균호 부산 외국어 대학교 2003 外大論叢 Vol.26 No.-

We propose adaptive watermarking using stochastic estimation theory based on multiwavelet transform in this paper. To embed watermark, the original image is decomposed into 4 levels using a discrete multiwavelet transform, then a watermark is embedded into the perceptual significant coefficients, PSCs larger than the JND (just noticeable differences) threshold of the each subband. We use DGHM multiwavelet that has approximation order 2. The JND threshold is to achieve watermark transparency and it determine the length of watermark signal. The experimental results of computer simulation of the proposed adaptive watermarking method were found to be excellent invisibility and robustness.

파시즘 生成要因論과 그 批判

姜基龍,李瑛雨 경북대학교 평화문제연구소 1995 평화연구 Vol.20 No.-

섬유질 가수분해물로부터 효율적인 Ethanol 생산균주의 분리

고학룡,문종상,심기환,성낙계 한국산업미생물학회 1991 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.19 No.4

섬유성 가수분해물로부터 효율적으로 ethanol을 생산하는 세 가지 균주를 밀기울 당화액에서의 집적 배양에 의해 토양에서 분리하였다. 효모인 KM-09와 KM-402 및 세균인 HG-225의 생리학적 및 생화학적 특성은 각각 Candida sp. 및 Klebsiella sp.과 거의 유사하였다. KM-09와 HG-225 균주는 발효당으로 xylose와 cellobiose를 이용하였고 HG-225는 발효시 넓은 당 이용성을 가졌다. KM-09, KM-402 및 HG-225의 최적 생육 pH 및 온도는 각각 5.8, 5.6 및 6.8 그리고 32℃, 30℃ 및 38℃였다. 분리균에 의한 밀기울 당화액에서 ethanol 발효 동안 최대 ethanol 생산온도는 최적생육온도보다 다소 높았으며, 0.2% MgSO_4의 첨가는 ethanol 생산성을 향상시켰다. 세 가지 균주 중 KM-09의 ethanol 함량이 약 2.3%(v/v)로서 가장 높았고 HG-225의 ethanol 생산속도가 가장 빨랐으며 이때 최대 생산성은 배양 4일 후였다. KM-09와 HG-225는 4%(w/v) xylose로부터 각각 1.42 및 1.05%(v/v)의 ethanol을 생산하였으나 균 증식속도는 glucose에 비해 매우 느린 것으로 나타났다. 한편, KM-402는 glucose에서는 가장 ethanol 생산성이 좋았으나 xylose 및 cellobiose에서는 생산하지 못하였다. There strains able to efficiently produce ethanol from cellulosic hydrolysates were isolated from soil samples by enrichment culture in liquid saccharified wheat bran medium. The profiles of physiological and biochemical properties of two yeasts KM-09 and KM-402 and a bacterium Hg-225 were almost identical from those of Candida sp. and Klebsiella sp., respectively. Strains KM-09 and HG-225 used xylose and cellobiose as fermentable sugars, and HG-225 had a wide range of sugar utilization for ethanol fermentation. The optimal pH and temperature for growth of KM-09, KM-402 and HG-225 were 5.8, 5.6 and 6.8 and 32℃, 30℃ and 38℃, respectively. During the ethanol fermentation in saccharified wheat bran by the isolated strains, optimal temperature for ethanol production was more or less higher than those for growth, and addition of 0.2%(w/v) MgSO_4 into the medium enhanced ethanol productivity. Of the three strains ethanol content of KM-09 was the highest with about 2.3%(v/v), and ethanol production rate of HG-225 was faster than the others and maximum productivity was after 4 days. KM-09 (1.42%, v/v) and HG-225 (1.05%, v/v) produced ethanol from 4%(w/v) xylose but growth rate was slower than on glucose. Otherwise KM-402 showed the highest ethanol productivity on glucose, but no ethanol was detected on xylose and cellobiose.

실관막을 이용한 중금속 추출에서 물질전달에 미치는 분배비의 영향

李龍珍,金英一,陳道源,黃德基,朴東源 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.1

The liquid-liquid extractions by use of microporous hollow fiber membrane modules are fast compared with conventional extraction equipment. Because they have a large surface area per volume. Solute diffuses out of the feed solution, through the fibers' porous wall, and into the extractant. The extractant and feed can be contacted at high speed, there are no problems with flooding, loading and channeling. Moreover, these modules should be characterized by low investment and operating costs because of the reduced hardware and the favorable hydrodynamics which minimizes concentration polarization and membrane fouling. In this paper, it was investigated the extraction selectivities for liquid-liquid extraction of heavy metal(Cd(Ⅱ)Co(II)) from dilute aqueous solution into the eatractants(EHPNA and TBP) by using the hydrophobic hollow fiber module. We also examined the effect of distribution ratio on the overall mass transfer coefficients.