Effect of Orifice Induced Hydrodynamic Cavitation on the Properties of Waste Activated Sludge

Esra Demir Karaçoban,Fatma Olcay Topaç,Efsun Dindar,Bülent Keskinler 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.4

Exploring alternative methods to reduce the quantity of wastewater sludge and improve its characteristics is among the prioritized subjects in the field of sludge management. Hydrodynamic cavitation, commonly employed for water and wastewater treatment, also holds the potential for utilization as a pre-treatment method for sludge. In the presented study, the excess sludge obtained from the wastewater treatment facility of a food and beverage manufacturing factory was collected and disintegrated with a orifice-induced hydrodynamic cavitation unit. According to the data obtained, the highest cavitation performance was achieved under the condition where the cavitation number was set to 0.3. In addition, hydrodynamic cavitation performed under the optimum operating conditions, significantly increased the solubility of waste activated sludge. The results showed that the soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration, which was initially determined as 382 mg/l, reached 3,068 mg/l end of the cavitation. 64% of the total Kjeldahl nitrogen and 60% of the total phosphorus of waste-activated sludge were converted into soluble forms by the effects of hydrodynamic cavitation. Moreover, the results of the microbial study indicated that removal rates of indicator bacteria varied between 94% and 99%.

The effect of different earthquake ground motion levels on the performance of steel structures in settlements with different seismic hazards

Ercan Işık,İbrahim Baran Karaşin,Abdulhalim Karaşin 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.84 No.1

The updated Turkish Building Earthquake Code has been significantly renovated and expanded compared to previous seismic design codes. The use of earthquake ground motion levels with different probabilities of exceedance is one of the major advances in structural mechanics with the current code. This study aims to investigate the earthquake performance of steel structure in settlements with different seismic hazards for various earthquake ground motion levels. It is focused on earthquake and structural parameters for four different ground motion levels with different probabilities of exceedance calculated according to the location of the structure by the updated Turkish Hazard Map. For this purpose, each of the seven different geographical regions of Turkey which has the same seismic zone in the previous earthquake hazard map has been considered. Earthquake parameters, horizontal design elastic spectra obtained and comparisons were made for all different ground motion levels for the seven different locations, respectively. Structural analyzes for a sample steel structure were carried out using pushover analysis by using the obtained design spectra. It has been determined that the different ground motion levels significantly affect the expected target displacements of the structure for performance criteria. It is noted that the different locations of the same earthquake zone in the previous code with the same earthquake-building parameters show significant variations due to the micro zoning properties of the updated seismic design code. In addition, the main innovations of the updated code were discussed.

Challenges in Cancer Control Services Provided by Family Physicians in Primary Care: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study From Karabuk Province in Turkey

Raziye Özdemir,Sevda Ural,Merve Karaçalı 대한암예방학회 2018 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.23 No.4

Background: Family physicians (FPs) play an important role in cancer control. The aim of this study was to understand the functions of FPs in cancer control and to explore FPs’ perceptions of their own roles and the difficulties they face in cancer control in Karabuk province, Turkey. Methods: The study consisted of two methodological parts. The qualitative part included a descriptive study in which data were collected from 87.5% (n=56) out of all FPs in Karabuk using a questionnaire. In the quantitative part, in-depth interviews with 15 FPs were conducted and analyzed through content analysis. Results: Half of the FPs (50.0%) provided cancer prevention information for their registered people, focusing on especially smoking cessation. In the last three months, the proportion of FPs who had not invited anyone to screenings was 37.5% for the pap test, 26.8% for the mammography, 19.0% for the fecal occult blood test and 34.5% for the colonoscopy. Only 16.1% of them reported that they made home visits for cancer patients. In the qualitative part of study, the following themes were highlighted: the perceived responsibilities of FPs regarding cancer control; the effect of geographically undefined working area of FPs; the issues with coordination between FPs and specialists; the effect of the number of primary care team members. Conclusions: Cancer control services provided by FPs have significant problems in terms of the FPs’ approach to the services and their content, continuity and coordination. (J Cancer Prev 2018;23:176-182)

Performance Analysis of Steel Structures with A3 Irregularities

Ercan Işık,Mesut Özdemir,İbrahim Baran Karaşin 한국강구조학회 2018 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.18 No.3

Determination of the behaviour of structures during earthquakes is a very important engineering concern. Irregularities in the structure may lead to more damage imposed on it by weakening its defence mechanism during an earthquake. Some of these irregularities may be indentations or protrusions in the plan. Such irregular buildings may be encountered in practice because of various reasons. This study examined the state of irregularity by the A3 plan in the Turkish Building Earthquake Regulation of 2016. Four diff erent A3-type irregularity cases were considered. The building with no irregularities in its plan was taken as the reference building. The fi ve steel structures were compared by obtaining pushover curves for both the X and Y directions. Additionally, as a rapid assessment method, the Canada Seismic Screening Method was used in the study. Both in the rapid assessment method and from the pushover curves, it was determined that buildings without irregularities are safer. The study also allows a comparison among the earthquake performances of the structures using the rapid assessment method. It may be stated that there was an agreement between the two methods. This shows that the rapid assessment method may be used for steel structures. The importance of constructing structures that do not include irregularities is emphasized with the study. If one has to construct such structures, the defence mechanism of the structure should be strengthened by taking various measures.

Comparison of four malignancy risk indices in the detection of malignant ovarian masses

Erhan Aktürk,Rıza Efendi Karaca,İbrahim Alanbay,Murat Dede,Emre Karaşahin,Müfit Cemal Yenen,İskender Başer 대한부인종양학회 2011 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.22 No.3

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of four risk of malignancy indices (RMI) to detect malignant ovarian tumors. Methods: This is a prospective study of 100 women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Gulhane Military Medicine Academy for surgical exploration of pelvic masses. To diagnose malignant ovarian tumors, the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values and diagnostic accuracy of four RMIs (RMI 1, RMI 2, RMI 3, and RMI 4) were obtained. Results: In our study we found that there is no statistically significant difference in the performance of four different RMIs in discriminating malignancy. We think that malignancy risk indices is more reliable than the menopausal status, serum CA-125 levels, ultrasound features and tumor size separately in detecting malignancy. Conclusion: We concluded that any of the four malignancy risk indices described can be used for selection of cases for optimal therapy. These methods are simple techniques that can be used even in less-specialized gynecology clinics to facilitate the selection of cases for referral to an oncological unit. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of four risk of malignancy indices (RMI) to detect malignant ovarian tumors. Methods: This is a prospective study of 100 women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Gulhane Military Medicine Academy for surgical exploration of pelvic masses. To diagnose malignant ovarian tumors, the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values and diagnostic accuracy of four RMIs (RMI 1, RMI 2, RMI 3, and RMI 4) were obtained. Results: In our study we found that there is no statistically significant difference in the performance of four different RMIs in discriminating malignancy. We think that malignancy risk indices is more reliable than the menopausal status, serum CA-125 levels, ultrasound features and tumor size separately in detecting malignancy. Conclusion: We concluded that any of the four malignancy risk indices described can be used for selection of cases for optimal therapy. These methods are simple techniques that can be used even in less-specialized gynecology clinics to facilitate the selection of cases for referral to an oncological unit.

Analysis of PTEN, VEGF, HER2 and P53 Status in Determining Colorectal Cancer Benefit from Bevacizumab Therapy

Kara, Oguz,Duman, Berna Bozkurt,Kara, Banu,Erdogan, Seyda,Parsak, Cem Kaan,Sakman, Gurhan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12

Background: No factor has thus far been identified to predict the efficacy of bevacizumab therapy for colorectal cancer. We here therefore studied PTEN, VEGF, HER2 and p53 by immunohistochemistry as possible prognostic and predictive factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 retrospectively collected tumor samples were evaluated, all from patients receiving bevacizumab-based regimens. VEGF-A, PTEN, HER2, p53 were assessed and data was compared with clinicopathologic characteristics of patients and the bevacizumab response rate. Results: In this study, the median age of the 34 metastatic colorectal cancer patients was 55.5 (24-75), twelve (35.3%) being women and 22 (64.7%) men. PTEN, VEGF, HER2, p53 expressions were compared with bevacizumab response and other chacteristics of disease. Statistical significant differences were not found between bevacizumab response rates and different expression levels of VEGF, PTEN, HER2 and p53 (respectively p=0.256, p=0.832, p=0.189, p=0.131). However, a survival difference was noted in the VEGF expression negative group (median OS:55 months; 95%CI, 22-88 months) (p=0.01). There was no statistically significant OS difference in other groups (PTEN p=0.6, HER2 p=0.189, p53 p=0.13). Conclusions: We did not find any predictive factor for BV therapy in our study. VEGF negative expression could be an important prognostic factor in metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

Development of new predictive analysis in the orthogonal metal cutting process by utilization of Oxley's machining theory

Abdelkader Karas,Mohamed Bouzit,Mustapha Belarbi,Redha Mazouzi 국제구조공학회 2015 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.19 No.6

This paper presents a contribution to improving an analytical thermo-mechanical modeling of Oxley's machining theory of orthogonal metals cutting, which objective is the prediction of the cutting forces, the average stresses, temperatures and the geometric quantities in primary and secondary shear zones. These parameters will then be injected into the developed model of Karas et al. (2013) to predict temperature distributions at the tool-chip-workpiece interface. The amendment to Oxley's modified model is the reduction of the estimation of time-related variables cutting process such as cutting forces, temperatures in primary and secondary shear zones and geometric variables by the introduction the constitutive equation of Johnson-Cook model. The model-modified validation is performed by comparing some experimental results with the predictions for machining of 0.38% carbon steel.

Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on metabolic parameters in obese children and adolescents

Kara, Ozlem The Korean Pediatric Society 2020 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.63 No.3

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is a common condition in obese children. However, its effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in obese children remains controversial. Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the association between SH and metabolic parameters. Methods: A total of 215 obese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. The patients' anthropometric measurements such as thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and lipid profiles were evaluated. The patients were allocated to the SH group (fT4 normal, TSH 5-10 mIU/L) (n=77) or the control group (fT4 normal, TSH<5 mIU/L) (n=138). The glucose and lipid metabolisms of the 2 groups were compared. Results: SH was identified in 77 of 215 patients (36%). Mean body mass index was similar in both groups. The mean serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride (TG) levels were higher and the mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower in the SH group than in the control group (P=0.007, P=0.004, P=0.01, and P=0.02, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between TSH level and insulin level, HOMA-IR, and TG level. Conclusion: SH was identified in some of the obese children and adolescents. A clear association was observed between SH, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in obese children.

The π-extending Property via Singular Quotient Submodules

Kara, Yeliz,Tercan, Adnan Department of Mathematics 2019 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.59 No.3

A module is said to be ${\pi}$-extending provided that every projection invariant submodule is essential in a direct summand of the module. In this article, we focus on the class of modules having the ${\pi}$-extending property by looking at the singularity of quotient submodules. By doing so, we provide counterexamples, using hypersurfaces in projective spaces over complex numbers, to show that being generalized ${\pi}$-extending is not inherited by direct summands. Moreover, it is shown that the direct sums of generalized ${\pi}$-extending modules are generalized ${\pi}$-extending.

Play Interactions between Children with Autism and their Siblings in a European American and a Vietnamese American Family

Kara D. Sage,Brinda Jegatheesan 한국아동학회 2012 Child studies in Asia-Pacific context Vol.2 No.1

We examined play interactions between siblings when one child has autism in a Vietnamese American and a European American family. Analysis was based on video recorded free play sessions with each set of siblings at their home. Interviews with the typically developing sibling and parents also provided supplemental data to aid our knowledge about their play behavior. This study describes the role of the typically developing sibling in play and the types of play engaged in by siblings. Findings indicate that the two sets of siblings differed in their play behavior. Specifically, significant differences were noted in the role of the typically developing sibling in play, and the types of play engaged in by the siblings. The perceptions of the typically developing siblings and parents regarding autism also differed across families, significantly affecting their play behavior. Implications for research are described.