일부 흡연 대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 흡연실태에 대한 상관관계 연구

강초록,권시내,권혜림,박수경,송인혜,오해인,이미지,한승아,황선아,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

In spite of the seriousness of smoking harm has been developed these days. the increase of national smoking rate and that the people in the twenties are especially leading the rise of national smoking rate is an important issue of national health. Smoking of the university students can occur health problem and cause loss of manpower and expenses in their social activity period. So then the actual state for prevention of smoking and development of a program to prohibit smoking has to be seized urgently and starting with the study of the realities of university students, the effort to find a related fluent of smoking has to be studied. Related to this, the purpose of this study is to seize the general characteristics of smoking university students and to find out the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students. In addition, by collating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students we have the purpose to furnish the basal data of stress care, the best way to cope with stress through group training and the plan for nursing implementation to decrease the smoking rate. For this study, a survey was conducted for 204 smoking university students of 13 universities in Seoul from 9th of May to 16th of May, 2003. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson Correlation and ANOVA in the statistical packages SPSS/PC. Major findings of this study are as follows; 1. Of the 204 respondents 85.4% of them were male and 14.6% of them were female. The average age of the sample was 23.19 years old and 41.8% of them were in senior, 21.4% in junior, 16.9% in sophomore, 19.9% in freshman grade. The major motivation to start smoking was 'because of curiosity'(33.8%) and the first smoking experience was at 'senior high school' (41.9%) and at 'college' (41.9%). 2 The highest scored stress factor of smoking university students were stresses about school work. 3. 72.7% had experience to quit smoking at least one or more times. Most of the reason to keep on smoking was 'short will to quit'(51.0%) and the smoking place was usually at 'school' (41.4%). Most respondents for the number ofsmoking friends were '5 people and above' (73.2%). 4. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire perceived stress, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the perceived stress in 4 categories which is 'sex distinction', 'major of study', 'residence form' and' inmate'. 5. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire smoking status, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the smoking status in 2 categories which is 'presence of hobby' and 'number of smoking friends'. 6. There was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status. Through this study we have seized the relationship between the general characteristics, perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. There was a positive relationship between some of the general characteristics with the perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. Also there was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status.

MgO 버퍼층을 이용한 PZT 박막의 형성 및 특성 평가

김지미,전호승,강재경,최형봉,김철주 서울시립대학교정보기술연구소 2001 정보기술연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

In this paper, we fabricated the MgO layer by sol-gel method and estimated possibility as a buffer layer for ferroelectric such as PZT. MgO(Magnesium Oxide) proposed as buffer layer of ferroelectric is already for much used as buffer layer in optic technology. There are many formation methods of MgO layer, but in this study, we selected the sol-gel method which is easy to control the content of material and possible for fabrication of uniform layer, then we formed thin layer through the composition of MgO and PZT solution, spin coating and annealing. To estimate the possibility as buffer layer about ferroelectric layer, we analyzed the physical and electrical characteristics about PZT on MgO layer.By SEM, AFM and XRD analysis, we could know facts that the surface condition of PZT on MgO was relatively smooth and the crystal orientation of PZT was enhanced by MgO layer. Due to the measurements of P-V, C-V and I-V characteristics of PZT/MgO capacitor structure, the polarization, fatigue and breakdown properties of PZT on MgO were much improved than those of PZT without MgO layer. Also, in MFIS structure, the PZT on MgO showed the stable memory property. These results could be compared to those of MgO buffer layer formed by sputtering, so, if studies about the composition of MgO solution and the formation of MgO layer are executed continuously, the fabrication process of MgO layer by sol-gel method can be applied as the process for buffer layer of ferroelectric.

난원공 개존을 통한 우심방에서 좌심방으로의 단락 진단에 있어 경흉부 심초음파 하모닉 영상의 유용성

신미승,강석민,장길진,변기현,하종원,정남식,허지회,이병인 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

실험동물에서의 내분비계 교란물질인 DEHP, DBP의 생체내 영향

정지윤,이성호,박영석,박병권,김병수,김상기,박창식,강경선,이영순 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

The major protocol features of the rodent uterotrophic assay have been evaluated using a range of reference chemicals. The protocol variables considered include the selection of the test species and route of chemical administration, the age of the test animals, the maintenance diet used, and the specificity of the assay for estrogens. The rodents were ovariectomized under general anesthesia via bilateral flank incisions and randomly assigned to groups of 5 animals. This study investigated the estrogenic effects of phthalates, which are DEHP and DBP, suspected as endocrine disruptors. It is concluded that three daily subcutaneous administration of test chemicals, which are di-ethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP), to 9 week-old rodents. The results revealed that DEHP & DBP show similar uterotrophic activity in the rat and the mouse, using subcutaneous administration. DEHP and DBP failed to affect any of these parameters, which are body weight, mammary gland, vaginal and uterus histopathology. but, DBP increased uterus weight to only one rat of 1.0 g/kg group. The results conform the need for rigorous attention to experimental design and criteria for assessing estrogenic activity.

래피어 직기 특성이 의류용 모직물 물성에 미치는 영향 (Ⅱ) : 의류용 모직물 물성 변화 Physical Properties of Worsted Fabrics for Garment

김승진,강지만 한국의류산업학회 2004 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.6 No.6

This research surveys the mechanical properties of worsted fabrics for garment according to the loom characteristics and fabric positions with relation to the warp and weaving weft tensions on the 3 types of rapier looms, which is previously surveyed in the 1st paper. For this purpose, the grey fabrics are processed in dyeing and finishing processes. The mechanical properties of the finished fabrics are measured and discussed with relation to the warp and weft weaving tensions of 3 types of rapier looms and the variations of the fabric mechanical properties according to the fabric positions are also surveyed for investigating the homogeneity of the tailorability and fabric hand.

발치 및 비발치 치료 전후 악궁 폭경의 변화

전지윤,김수정,강승구,박영국 대한치과교정학회 2007 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.37 No.1

일반적으로 네 개의 소구치 발치를 동반한 교정치료는 비발치 치료에 비하여 치열궁 폭경을 더 좁게 만들어, 미소 시 구각 부위에 어두운 구강 내 공간, 소위 buccal corridor를 형성함으로써 비심미적인 결과를 낳는다는 견해가 있다. 한편 발치 치료는 오히려 하악의 견치간 폭경을 증가시키며, 비발치 치료와 비교하여 악궁 폭경의 변화에 있어 유의한 차이를 보이지 않는다는 상반된 연구결과가 존재한다. 이 연구는 발치 치료와 비발치 치료 시 악궁 폭경의 변화를 관찰하여 실제적으로 발치 치료가 미소 시 협측 분절에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 시행되었다. 경희대학교 치과병원 교정과에서 치료받은 환자 중 전악에 고정식 장치를 사용하여 네 개의 제1소구치 발치 치료를 받은 30명과 비발치로 치료한 30명의 치료 전후 연구 모형을 비교 분석한 결과 악궁 폭경의 변화는 다음과 같다. 네 개의 제1소구치 발치 치료 시 비발치 치료와 비교하여 상악의 견치간 폭경 변화는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 하악의 견치간 폭경은 유의하게 더 많이 증가하였다. 구치간 폭경 변화는 상악과 하악 치열궁 모두에서 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 나타났는데, 발치군에서 구치간 폭경이 감소한 반면에 비발치군에서는 구치간 폭경이 증가하였다. 미소 시 노출되는 악궁 폭경은 비발치군보다 발치군에서 더 크게 나타났으며, 이는 치열궁 폭경의 축소가 발치 치료 시 당연히 예상되는 결과가 아님을 시사한다. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the influences of extraction and nonextraction treatment on smile esthetics by measuring dental arch width changes. Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment study models of 30 first premolar extraction cases and 30 nonextraction cases were randomly selected to determine whether extraction treatment results in narrow dental arches, and a consequent unaesthetic smile. Arch widths were measured from the cusp tips of the canines and the first molars. Posterior arch widths were also measured at a constant arch depth derived by averaging randomly chosen nonextraction models. Results: The intercanine widths increased significantly in the extraction sample, whereas the intermolar widths decreased significantly. The arch width at a standardized arch depth was significantly wider in the extraction subjects. Conclusion: These results elucidate that constriction in arch width is not a materialized consequence of extraction treatment. It leads to postulate that an esthetically compromising effect from narrow dental arches on smile is hardly anticipated with extraction treatment.

무선 네트워크에서 I, P, B 프레임 패턴에 따론 멀티미디어의 효율적인 전송

문은지,손예진,강승석 서울여자대학교 2010 정보기술논문지 Vol.8 No.-

The advancement of neiwork technology helps expanding the use of multimedia transmissions, especially over the wireless networks. However, the signal attenuation and interference of the wireless networks results in the frequent packet losses, which produces a quality degradation of the media content. In order to tackle the quality degradation problem, many encoding schemes are introduced for transmitting multimedia data over the wireless networks. MPEG-4 is one of the multimedia encoding schemes to use I, p, and B frames in order to transmit video data. This paper analyzes the relationship between the quality of video and the patterns of the three frame types, and compares the quality (with PSNR) of the receiver-side video data transmitted over the wireless networks with applying diverse encoding patterns. In addition, this paper applies the two network transmission approaches, best effort and quality of service (QoS), to compare the video quality with diverse encoding patterns delivered over the wireless networks. According to the simulation results, the wireless network transmission approaches affect the quality of transmitted video, and especially the QoS approach outperforms the best effort by 11% in terms of the PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio).

1980년대(1981-1990) 전·후반기 피부과 외래환자의 통계적 비교 관찰

은 철,강승구,권상진,정성재,조지형,권철욱,김영진,김재홍 한양대학교 의과대학 1997 한양의대 학술지 Vol.17 No.1

To study the prevalence of common dermatoses 37,638 and 30,286 new outpatients who visited dermatology clinic with Hanyang University Hospital from January 1981 to December 1985 and from January 1986 to December 1990, respectively. Among the 37,638 outpatients in the first 5 years, the total number of male patients were 18,107(48.1%) and female patients were 19,531 (51.9%). Among the 30286 outpatients in the last 5 years, the total number of male patients were 14,705 (48.6%) and female patients were 15,581 (51.4%). In the both periods, the most frequent age groups was 21-30 (27.3%,25.2% respectively). The 15 common dermatoses, bacterial infection, seborreic dermatitis, drug eruption, verruca, syphilis, psoriasis, herpes zoster, and hypopigmentary disorder, in order of frequency. In thelast 5years, dermatophytosis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, acne, other eczema, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, bacterial infection, drug eruption, verruca, gerpes zoster, psoriasis, hypopigmentary disorder, scabies and syphilis were the 15 common dermatoses, as frequency. In both periods, the dermatosis which showed annually increasing tendency was dermatophytosis and those of decreasing tendency was bacterial infection. In the both periods, dermatophytosis, urticaria, bacterial infection, seborrheic dermatitis, verruca, and hypopigmentary disorder occurred most frequently during the summer season, and the incidence of other ecxema, scabies, atopic dermatitis, and herpes zoster increased during the winter season.

흰쥐에서 사염화탄소에 의해 유도된 간 상해에 미치는 키토산 올리고당의 영향

이영돈,박승림,강소영,김세재,박지권,고영환 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 1999 제주생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

Chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives have many properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of health applications. We reported recently that water soluble chitooligosaccharides have hepatoprotective effect on ethanol induced liver injury in the mouse. The current study examined the effect of water soluble chitooligosaccharides on CC1₄-induced liver injury in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated with CC1₄without or with administration of 5% chitooligosaccharides. After 5 weeks after CC1₄treatment, the histological sections and the expression of mRNA of interleukin-12(IL-12), hepatocyte growth factor(HGF), and tumor necrosis factor(TNF- ) were examined. The liver section of rats supplemented with chitooligosaccharides showed attenuated effects of the necrosis, steatosis, cirrhosis compared with those of non-supplemented rats. The level of TNF- mRNA in CC1₄-treated rats were higher than those in the rats supplemented with chitooligosaccharides, while the levels of IL-12 and HGF mRNA were higher in the rats supplemented with chitooligosaccharides than those of in CC1₄-treated rats. These findings suggested that water soluble chitooligosaccharides may have a hepatoprotective activity against CCl₄-induced liver injury in rats.

다중주파수·다중성분 고막운동도에 관한 연구

소원섭,이지연,강희라,손원진,허승덕 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2012 再活科學硏究 Vol.30 No.1

이 연구는 이학적·청각학적 정상 소견을 가진 성인들의 다중주파수 고막운동도(multi-frequency tympanogram, MFT)와 다중성분 고막운동도(multi-component tympanogram, MCT)의 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 참여자는 D대학교 재학 중인 19명(M:F=9:10, 만 19∼23세)으로 하였다. MCT는 각 성분(admittance; Y, susceptance; B, conductance; G)별 정점의 수를 확인하였고, MFT는 200 ㎐부터 2 ㎑ 순음에 대한 고막 긴장 및 이완상태에서 전도율을 통해 공명주파수와 ΔB, Δ∅를 각각 구하였다. MCT는 668 ㎐ 자극에 대해 47.4 %가 1Y1B1G를, 52.6 %가1Y3B1G를 보였고, MFT의 공명주파수는 829~1,213(1,021±192) ㎐, ΔB와 Δ∅의 평균은 각각 –0.18, -19.3으로 관 찰되었다. This study will be to confirm the characteristic of Multi-component tympanogram(MCT) and Multi-frequency tympanogram(MFT) of adults who have physical and audiological normal findings. Participants were 19 students(M:F = 9:10) who are attending D-university. MCT checked the number of peaks per each component(admittance; Y, susceptance; B, conductance; G) and MFT got the resonance frequency through the conductivity rate of tympanic membrane's tense and relaxation state, and ΔB, Δ∅ respectively. 47.4% of MCT showed 1Y1B1G about 668 ㎐ stimulus and 52.6% of that showed 1Y3B1G. Resonance frequency of MFT was 829~1,213(1,021±192) ㎐, and the average of ΔB and Δ∅ was observed -0.18, -19.3 respectively.