중년여성의 요통에 따른 골밀도 측정

강점덕,김종봉 대한정형물리치료학회 2001 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate analysis of bone mineral density according to Women with low back pain women. Methods: The data were collected from women who visited Physical Examination Center of a Catholic University hospital located in Daegu. Questionnaires were completed by 50 women during the period from July 20, 2000 to January 12, 2001. The sample was divided into three groups(the normal group of 16 cases and the osteopenia group of 12cases and the osteoporosis group of 22 cases). Bone mineral density(BMD) of lumbar spine was measured using energy absorptiometry. Results: The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine decreased with aging. The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine decreased with the serum Calcium and Phosphorus and Alkaline phosphatase increased. The mean bone mineral density of the lumbar spine of healthy women in age(50∼59) was 0.87g/㎠, the lumbar spine of women with low back pain in age(50∼59) was 0.77g/㎠. In the multiple regression of risk factors to bone mineral density(BMD) oflumbar spine were correlated with age, marriage existence, exercise time, the loving food of taste, calcium, bone mineral density standard T scores(p<0.05). The experience for LBP increased as weight increased(Odds ratio=999.000). The experience for LBP increased as number of Exercise decreased(Odds ratio=999.000). The experience for LBP increased as menopause existence increased(Odds ratio=999.000). The experience for LBP increased as serum Calcium and Phosphorus increased(Odds ratio=999.000). however all four variables had significant no relationship. The correlation in variables in relation to low back pain and bone mineral density, age showed contra-correlation with low back pain existence. Alkaline phosphatase(p<0.01). Weight showed contra-correlation with body mass index(BMI)(p<0.01). Exercise time showed correlation with number of exercise(p<0.01). The loving food of taste showed contra-correlation with Alkaline phosphatase(p<0.05). Bone mineral density showed correlation with menopause existence(p<0.05). Conclusion: Results from this study indicated that a statistically significant association between bone mineral density of the lumbar spin and age, marriage existence, exercise time, the loving food of taste, calcium, bone mineral density standard T scores. In logistic regression test, there were no related variables. The combination of bone mineral density measurement and assessment of the bone turnover rate by measuring biochemical would be helpful for the treatment of patients with risks of osteoporosis. The more precise study for risk factors to osteoporosis is essential.

두경부 종양세포주에 대한 Mithramycin A의 세포자멸사 유도성 및Cisplatin 항암작용 증가효과

이강대,손성환,박종욱,김영록,이봉주,김주연 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.1

Background and Objectives : Cisplatin (CP) is a major chemotherapeutic agent for head and neck cancer. However, cancer cells can get drug resistance through recovering the DNA damage by CP. Mithramycin A (MA) can inhibit gene expression of multidrug resistance gene 1, c-myc or h-ras. The goal of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MA alone and combination of MA and CP on head and neck cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods : Two head and neck cancer cell lines (AMC-HN4, AMC-HN7) were treated with MA. The cellular proliferation, apoptosis and protein expression were measured with XTT assay, FACS analysis, and western blotting, respectively after MA treatment in cell lines. In order to know the combination effect of MA with CP, the cancer cell lines were treated with MA, CP, and MA/CP combination, and cellular proliferation, apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins were measured. Results : MA inhibited the proliferation of head and neck cancer cells and induce dapoptosis. Increase of caspase activation, PLC-?1 fragmentation and percent apoptosis by MA treatment was blocked by z-VAD-fms, but not blocked by N-Acetyl Cystein. Combination of MA and CP significantly inhibited cancer cell growth and increased apoptosis compared to MA and CP alone, and it also suppressed the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as XIAP and Mcl-1. Conclusions : The present study suggests that MA alone andMA/CP combination chemotherapy could be a potential regiment for the control of the head and neck cancer.

고상-기상 반응에 의한 질화 알루미늄 휘스커 합성

강종봉,양성구,이성우,정승화 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 2003 硏究論文集 Vol.21 No.2

질화알루미늄 휘스커 합성을 위하여, Al원으로는 Al_2O_3, Al(OH)_3, AlOOH를 사용하였고, 환원제로는 카본블랙, 기상반응을 유도하기 위하여 AlF_3, NH_4F, CaF_2를 사용하여 고순도 질소분위기에서 실험을 행하였다. 또한 액상반응 시 미세구조상의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 금속 알루미늄을 첨가하여 실험을 행하였다. 질화알루미늄의 생성과 침상형 휘스커상의 형상은 1600℃의 온도에서 가장 잘 나타났으며 열처리 온도의 상승은 오히려 휘스커상의 형성을 방해하고 있음을 보여주었다. 침상형 휘스커의 합성에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것은 기상반응을 일으키는 AlF_3 첨가이며, AlF_3 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 침상형 휘스커상의 증가를 확인할 수 있었다. 액상 반응을 위한 금속 알루미늄 첨가는 전체의 15 wt%까지는 침상형 휘스커가 증가하였으나 15 wt%이상으로 첨가하는 경우 오히려 침상형 휘스커가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. To synthesize aluminium nitride whisker, Al_2O_3, Al(OH)_3, and AlOOH were used for aluminium element. Experiment was done under the high purity nitrogen atmosphere with carbon black as deoxidation agent and AlF_3, NH_4F and CaF as gas phase reactants. Metallic aluminium was used for liquid phase reaction in which microstructural change occured. The AlN with whiskered Phase was formed at 1600℃ and the increase of temperature inhibited the formation of whiskered phase. AlF_3 was the main factor for the formation of needle-shaped whiskers, and the amount of whisker increased with AlF_3 contents. The amount of needle-shaped AlN whiskers increased with the addition of metallic aluminium up to 15 wt% but decreased with aluminium of above 15 wt%.

폐슬러지 실리콘을 이용한 질화규소의 제조 및 특성

강종봉,문종수,이수영 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.3

Si 슬러지를 사용하여 반응결합 Si₃N₄성형체를 제조한 후 특성을 분석하였다. Si 슬러시에는 순수한 Si괴와 유기물이 포함되어 있으며 정제한 Si분말은 8∼10wt%의 산소를 함량하고 있어 질화를 방해하는 주원인이 됨을 알 수 있었다. 재소결 공정인 가스압 소결을 통하여 반응 소결한 Si₃N₄시편을 치밀화 시킬 수 있었으며 본 실험에서 제조한 SRBSN의 강도와 파괴인성 값은 각각 504MPa와 6.1MPa·m½이었다. Si₃N₄ were prepared by the reaction bonding process with Si sludge as a starting materials and the results shows as follows: Si powder contained 8∼10wt% of oxygen which prevented the nitridation of the Si. GPS process after nitridation promoted the densification of the RBSN to the 97% of theoretical density. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the SRBSN samples were 500MPa and 6MPa·m½. respectively.

요추 천자 후 발생한 뇌실내 공기뇌증

강성진,김종국,김민정,유봉구,김광수 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Lumbar epidural injections are used to treat chronic and acute pain involving lower extremities. We report a case of intraventricular pneumocephlaus occurring after lumbar puncture. He complains severe bifrontal headache followed by nausea. Brain CT reveals air in the lateral ventricle anterior horn, temporal horn and basal cistern. CSF study shows normal findings.

DSC를 이용한 인듐, 주석, 아연의 열물성 측정 시 승온속도와 분위기의 영향

강종봉,조범래,하영훈 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1999 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

시차주사열량계(DSC)를 이용하여 인듐, 주석, 아연의 융점과 용율열의 차이를 조사하였다. 승온속도는 5, 10, 그리고 20℃/min으로 하였고, 분위기 가스로는 아르곤, 질소, 그리고 건조공기를 사용하였다. 인듐의 경우는 융점은 질소와 공기 분위기에서 5℃/min의 승온속도에서, 용융열은 20℃/min의 승온속도에서 아르곤 분위기에서 문헌 값과 유사하게 나타났다. 주석의 경우는 융점과 용융열이 5℃/min의 승온속도에서 공기 중 분위기에서 문헌값과 유사했다. 아연의 경우는 융점은 5℃/min의 승온속도에서 공기 중 분위기였고, 용융열은 10℃/min에서 아르곤 분위기에서 유사하게 나타났다. 이 실험에서는 승온속도가 증가할수록 융점이 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 분위기보다는 승온속도에 더 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. Indium, Tin, and Zinc were used to investigate the differences of the melting point and heat of fusion by the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The heating rates were 5. 10, and 20℃/min, and the purging gases were Ar, N₂. and Air. The best results comparing to reference were obtained at the following conditions: for T_{m} of Indium, 5℃/min heating rate in N2 and Air atmosphere. for AH of Indium, 20℃/min heating rate in Ar: for T_{m} and AH of Tin. 5℃/min heating rate in Air atmosphere: for T_{m}, of Zinc, 5℃/min heating rate in Air atmosphere. for ΔH of Zinc. 10℃/min heating rate in Ar. In this study, as the heating rate increased. the melting point increased all samples. The melting point and heat of fusion were more influenced by the heating rate rather than by purging gas for all samples.

첨가제 및 소결 조건이 뮬라이트 생성에 미치는 영향

강종봉,문종수 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1997 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

Al(OH)₃와 SiO₂분말을 출발물질로 하고 첨가제로 AlF₃를 이용하여 다공성 뮬라이트를 합성하였다. 첨가제의 양이 많아질수록 낮은 온도에서 뮬라이트가 생성됨을 보였고, Al(OH)₃와 SiO₂의 몰비가 5.1/2의 조성에서 첨가제의 양이 5 wt.%이상의 경우 다공성의 뮬라이트를 합성할 수 있었다. 첨가한 AlF₃의 양이 5 wt.%이상의 경우에서는 1250°C에서 뮬라이트가 생성되기 시작하여 1300°C 이상에서는 침상형의 뮬라이트가 관찰되었고, 소성체의 수축은 거의 일어나지 않았다. Porous mullite was prepared using Al(OH)₃and SiO₂as starting materials with AlF₃as an additive. The temperature of mullite formation decreased as the amount of additives increased, and porous mullite was successfully synthesized in the composition of 5.1Al(OH)₃/2SiO₂with 5 wt.% and higher content of AlF₃.

SiC/Si₃N₄ 복합재료의 제조 및 기계적 특성

강종봉,김성국 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1996 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

가압 소결법과 가스압 소결법으로 Si₃N₄/SiC 복합재료를 제조하고 SiC입자가 복합체에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. SiC의 입자 크기와 양은 β-Si₃N₄의 입성장에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며 큰 비표면적을 가진 SiC는 Si₃N₄의 α/β전이를 쉽게 일어나게 하여 치밀하고 미세한 미세구조를 가지는 복합체의 제조를 가능하게 하였다. 1800℃, 30 MPa의 압력으로 가압 소결한 시편은 10분 내에 99%의 이론밀도에 도달하였으며 2000℃, 7MPa의 N₂ 압력으로 제조한 시편은 약 98%의 이론 밀도를 가졌다. 시편의 강도는 약 35%의 SiC를 첨가할 때까지는 증가하였으나 더 많은 양을 첨가하면 다시 감소함을 보였다. Si3N₄/SiC composites containing ultra fine Sic particles as second phase has been fabricated by hot-pressing and GPS. The particle size of 2nd phase has affected significantly the grain growth of β-Si₃N₄. The Sic powder with large surface area assisted effectively to the phase transformation of α/β of Si₃N₄. resulting in dense and fine microstructure of the composite and high mechanical properties. The composite containing 2wt.% Al₂O₃and 6wt.% Y₂O₃as sintering aids was hot-pressed at 1800 C under 30MPa pressure. and shows the density higher than 99% of T.D. within l0min. The composite which was sintered a t 2000 C under 1MPa-7MPa N₂pressure shows the density higher than 98% of T.D. The composite fabricated by hot-press exhibits higher density and strength than those fabricated by GPS. The strength was increased with Sic addition. The composite containing 35wt.% of SiC shows 1350 MPa strength and the addition of higher wt.% of SiC resulted in decreasing the strength.

초내열합금 정밀주조용 세라믹 쉘 몰드의 미세구조 분석

강종봉 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-

콜로이달 실리카/알루미나 계에서의 온도에 따른 뮬라이트 생성반응은 실리카에 의한 액상소 결과 고상소결이 동시에 일어나며 소성에 따른 치밀화와 뮬라이트 생성에 의한 팽창이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 뮬라이트 생성온도와 속도는 분말의 특성과 입자크기에 의존함을 보였고 치밀화는 실리카의 점성거동에 의해서 뮬라이트 생성초기 단계에서 대부분 일어났다. Mullite formation reaction carried the liquid phase and solid phase sintering, and densification and expansion by mullite formation in colloidal silica/alumina system Mullite formation temperature and kinetics were dependent on the starting materials and particle size, and densification occurred at the beginning stage of the mullite formation by viscous reaction of the free silica

한국인 태아 및 사산아에서 얼굴신경에 대한 형태학적 연구

강양수,김종중,김복,정상봉,문영민,설경수,정윤영 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.3

It is critical that the accurate anatomy of the facial nerve IS known for uncomplicated successful facial surgery. Such an operation is hazardous because of the intimate relationship between the facial nerve and the expressional muscles. It is hoped that such basic information will be helpful to those who treat conditions involving the facial region. In order to define the detail of this relationship, many studies have been undertaken on dissected adult specimens. This study was based on Korean fetus and stillborn infant cadaveric dissections, and describes anatomical variations of the peripheral branches of the facial nerve that pose a potential danger in a number of surgical procedure on the face. The branching patterns were classified into six types: the frequencies of occurrence were: type I, 4.9%; type II, 24.4%; type III, 34.1%; type IV, 19.5%; type V, 12.2%; and type VI, 4.9%. Types II, III and IV together accounted for almost 80% of the specimens. In the discussion we compare the results of the present study with those of others and try to clarify the anatomical characteristics of the facial nerve in infants, which demand that special attention be paid to the avoidance of injuries during facial surgery.