Characterisation of fungal contamination sources for use in quality management of cheese production farms in Korea

Kandasamy, Sujatha,Park, Won Seo,Yoo, Jayeon,Yun, Jeonghee,Kang, Han Byul,Seol, Kuk-Hwan,Oh, Mi-Hwa,Ham, Jun Sang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.6

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the fungal flora at various control points in cheese ripening rooms of 10 dairy farms from six different provinces in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Floor, wall, cheese board, room air, cheese rind and core were sampled from cheese ripening rooms of ten different dairy farms. The molds were enumerated using YM petrifilm, while isolation was done on yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar plates. Morphologically distinct isolates were identified using sequencing of internal transcribed spacer region. Results: The fungal counts in 8 out of 10 dairy farms were out of acceptable range, as per hazard analysis critical control point regulation. A total of 986 fungal isolates identified and assigned to the phyla Ascomycota (14 genera) and Basidiomycota (3 genera). Of these Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium were the most diverse and predominant. The cheese ripening rooms was overrepresented in 9 farms by Penicillium (76%), while Aspergillus in a single farm. Among 39 species, the prominent members were Penicillium commune, P. oxalicum, P. echinulatum, and Aspergillus versicolor. Most of the mold species detected on surfaces were the same found in the indoor air of cheese ripening rooms. Conclusion: The environment of cheese ripening rooms persuades a favourable niche for mold growth. The fungal diversity in the dairy farms were greatly influenced by several factors (exterior atmosphere, working personnel etc.,) and their proportion varied from one to another. Proper management of hygienic and production practices and air filtration system would be effective to eradicate contamination in cheese processing industries.

Idaho national laboratory to demonstrate collaboration first versus competition to accelerate achieving a secure clean energy future by 2031

Kandasamy Jhansi,Brunner Elizabeth 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.3

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) announced at COP27 it would reach net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2031. As a Nuclear, Energy and Environment, and National Homeland Security laboratory, the predominant solution to closing the clean energy gap will include nuclear as a safe, clean, reliable and affordable electricity source with the additional benefit of producing heat and hydrogen to fuel INL’s large transportation fleet. INL’s collaboration first vs. competition is essential to the program’s success. The focused actions in INL’s Nuclear Roadmap include: Infrastructure, Licensing/Regulatory, Financial, Time to Market, Fuel Cycle and Public Confidence/Communications. The roadmap also includes nuclear technology innovations and creative partnerships with utility providers, regulators, businesses, community members, and Indigenous Peoples to accelerate deployment of advanced reactors. Through development of the Net-Zero Nuclear Roadmap, INL will offer a model to provide safe and secure energy for the nation and the world by: (1) establishing the necessary infrastructure on its 890-square mile site to support demonstration, (2) showing proven pathways through the licensing and regulation process, (3) partnering with utilities to ensure commercial application, and (4) collaborating with industry to site new technologies.

Experimental analysis and modeling of steel fiber reinforced SCC using central composite design

Kandasamy. S,Akila. P 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2015 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.15 No.2

The emerging technology of self compacting concrete, fiber reinforcement together reduces vibration and substitute conventional reinforcement which help in improving the economic efficiency of the construction. The objective of this work is to find the regression model to determine the response surface of mix proportioning Steel Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete (SFSCC) using statistical investigation. A total of 30 mixtures were designed and analyzed based on Design of Experiment (DOE). The fresh properties of SCC and mechanical properties of concrete were studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results were analyzed by limited proportion of fly ash, fiber, volume combination ratio of two steel fibers with aspect ratio of 50/35: 60/30 and super plasticizer (SP) dosage. The center composite designs (CCD) have selected to produce the response in quadratic equation. The model responses included in the primary stage were flowing ability, filling ability , passing ability and segregation index whereas in harden stage of concrete, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength at 28 days were tested. In this paper, the regression model and the response surface plots have been discussed, and optimal results were found for all the responses.

An efficient analysis of nanomaterial cytotoxicity based on bioimpedance

Kandasamy, Karthikeyan,Choi, Cheol Soo,Kim, Sanghyo IOP Pub 2010 Nanotechnology Vol.21 No.37

<P>In the emerging nanotechnology field, there is an urgent need for the development of a significant and sensitive method that can be used to analyse and compare the cytotoxicities of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), since such materials can be applied as contrast agents or drug delivery carriers. The bioimpedance system possesses great potential in many medical research fields including nanotechnology. Electric cell–substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is a particular bioimpedance system that offers a real-time, non-invasive, and quantitative measurement method for the cytotoxicity of various materials. The present work compared the cytotoxicity of AuNPs to that of purchased single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The size-controlled and monodispersed AuNPs were synthesized under autoclaved conditions and reduced by ascorbic acid (AA) whereas the purchased SWCNTs were used without any surface modifications. Bioimpedance results were validated by conventional WST-1 and trypan blue assays, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were performed to examine nanomaterials inside the VERO cells. This research evaluates the ability of the ECIS system compared to those of conventional methods in analyzing the cytotoxicity of AuNPs and SWCNTs with higher sensitivity under real-time conditions. </P>

SSH reveals different functional categories of putative resin synthesizing genes in the industrial insect, Kerria lacca (Kerr)

Kandasamy Thamilarasi,Ekbal Sajiya,Kumari Kanchan 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.4

Biosynthesis mechanism of the only animal resin, lac resin remains elusive to the scientific community. An attempt to identify the genes of resin biosynthesis in lac insects was made through SSH (Suppression Subtraction Hybridization) library by subtracting genes of resin non secreting stage (neonate nymphs) from the resin secreting stage (adult female) of the lac insect. SSH library yielded 107 non redundant clones with 61 clones having sequences homologous with known functions (defence, development, metabolism, regulation, transport, cell division, respiration, structural role), 7 clones having hypothetical proteins or uncharacterized proteins and 39 clones did not find any matches. Among the differentially expressed genes, few putative genes of terpene biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation were identified. Out of them, an IDS (Iso pentenyl Diphosphate Synthase) type decaprenyl diphosphate synthase and a desaturase gene, acyl-CoA delta desaturase were cloned from lac insects and sequenced. Their expression levels were found to be more in lac resin synthesis stages such as settled nymphs and fertilized female insects in comparison with resin non secreting stage, crawlers (neonate nymphs). It gives a clear indication of their role in lac resin biosynthesis due to the correlation of their expression level with resin biosynthesis in lac insects.

The fucose containing polymer (FCP) rich fraction of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. protects Caenorhabditis elegans against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by triggering innate immune signaling pathways and suppression of pathogen virulence factors

Kandasamy, Saveetha,Khan, Wajahatullah,Kulshreshtha, Garima,Evans, Franklin,Critchley, Alan T.,Fitton, J.H.,Stringer, Damien N.,Gardiner, Vicki-Anne,Prithiviraj, Balakrishnan The Korean Society of Phycology 2015 ALGAE Vol.30 No.2

Brown algal extracts have long been used as feed supplements to promote health of farm animals. Here, we show new molecular insights in to the mechanism of action of a fucose containing polymer (FCP) rich fraction from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum using the Caenorhabditis elegans-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 infection model. FCP enhanced survival of C. elegans against pathogen stress, correlated with up-regulation of key immune response genes such as: lipases, lysozyme (lys-1), saponin-like protein (spp-1), thaumatin-like protein (tlp-1), matridin SK domain protein (msk-1), antibacterial protein (abf-1), and lectin family protein (lfp). Further, FCP caused down regulation of P. aeruginosa quorum sensing genes: (lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR), secreted virulence factors (lipase, proteases, and elastases) and toxic metabolites (pyocyanin, hydrogen cyanide, and siderophore). Biofilm formation and motility of pathogenic bacteria were also greatly attenuated when the culture media were treated with FCP. Interestingly, FCP failed to mitigate the pathogen stress in skn-1, daf-2, and pmk-1 mutants of C. elegans. This indicated that, FCP treatment acted on the regulation of fundamental innate immune pathways, which are conserved across the majority of organisms including humans. This study suggests the possible use of FCP, a seaweed component, as a functional food source for healthy living.

NON LINEAR VARIABLE VISCOSITY ON MHD MIXED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER ALONG HIEMENZ FLOW OVER A THERMALLY STRATIFIED POROUS WEDGE

Kandasamy, R.,Hashim, I.,Ruhaila, K. Korean Society of Computational and Applied Mathem 2008 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.26 No.1

The effect of variable viscosity on MHD mixed convection Hiemenz flow over a thermally stratified porous wedge plate has been studied in the presence of suction or injection. The wall of the wedge is embedded in a uniform Darcian porous medium in order to allow for possible fluid wall suction or injection and has a power-law variation of the wall temperature. An approximate numerical solution for the steady laminar boundary-layer flow over a wall of the wedge in the presence of thermal diffusion has been obtained by solving the governing equations using numerical technique. The fluid is assumed to be viscous and incompressible. Numerical calculations are carried out for different values of dimensionless parameters and an analysis of the results obtained shows that the flow field is influenced appreciably by the magnetic effect, variable viscosity, thermal stratification and suction / injection at wall surface. Effects of these major parameters on the transport behaviors are investigated methodically and typical results are illustrated to reveal the tendency of the solutions. Comparisons with previously published works are performed and excellent agreement between the results is obtained.

Enhanced cancer therapy with pH-dependent and aptamer functionalized doxorubicin loaded polymeric (poly D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles

Saravanakumar, Kandasamy,Hu, Xiaowen,Shanmugam, Sabarathinam,Chelliah, Ramachandran,Sekar, Ponarulselvam,Oh, Deog-Hwan,Vijayakumar, Sekar,Kathiresan, Kandasamy,Wang, Myeong-Hyeon Elsevier 2019 Archives of biochemistry and biophysics Vol.671 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Aptamer based drug delivery systems are gaining the importance in anticancer therapy due to their targeted drug delivery efficiency without harming the normal cells. The present work formulated the pH-dependent aptamer functionalized polymer-based drug delivery system against human lung cancer. The prepared aptamer functionalized doxorubicin (DOX) loaded poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly (<I>N</I>-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) nanoparticles (APT-DOX-PLGA-PVP NPs) were spherical in shape with an average size of 87.168 nm. The crystallography and presence of the PLGA (poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)) and DOX (doxorubicin) in APT-DOX-PLGA-PVP NPs were indicated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and <SUP>1</SUP>H and <SUP>13</SUP>C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR). The pH-dependent aptamer AS1411 based drug release triggered the cancer cell death was evidenced by cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry, and fluorescent microscopic imaging. In addition, the cellular uptake of the DOX was determined and the apoptosis-related signaling pathway in the A549 cells was studied by Western blot analysis. Further, the <I>in vivo</I> study revealed that mice treated with APT-DOX-PLGA-PVP NPs were significantly recovered from cancer as evident by mice weight and tumor size followed by the histopathological study. It was reported that the APT-DOX-PLGA-PVP NPs induced the apoptosis through the activation of the apoptosis-related proteins. Hence, the present study revealed that the APT-DOX-PLGA-PVP NPs improved the therapeutic efficiency through the nucleolin receptor endocytosis targeted drug release.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Aptamer functionalized DOX-loaded PLGA NPs drug delivery system was developed. </LI> <LI> Formulation of the NPs was verified by advanced nanomaterials characterization methods. </LI> <LI> The APT-DOX-PLGA-PVP NPs showed less toxicity to normal cells. </LI> <LI> APT-DOX-PLGA-PVP NPs improved the anticancer efficiency of targeting the nucleolin. </LI> <LI> Dual stimuli pH and nucleolin targeted drug release triggered the cancer cell ablation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Flexural-Torsional Buckling Tests of Cold-Formed Lipped Channel Beams Under Restrained Boundary Conditions

R. Kandasamy,Dr. R. Thenmozhi,Dr. L.S. Jeyagopal 한국강구조학회 2016 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.16 No.3

In this paper, tests on flexural buckling (Lateral-Torsional) of cold-formed steel (CFS) lipped Channel beams under restrained boundary conditions are described. Two point loading for flexural tests have been established for 3.0 m span to obtain uniform bending moment. The section sizes selected for testing are 100×50×10, 100×50×15, and 100×50×20 mm with 1.6 and 2.0 mm thickness for the investigation. Carefully designed loading and support systems were used in the tests to apply gravity load through the web of the section and to ensure that simply supported ends were established. The test results were compared with the moment obtained using BS5950: Part 5 and IS code 801-1975. The influences of warping and torsional restraints on flexural capacity are presented. The influence of buckling length for different boundary conditions proposed by Rhodes is considered to calculate critical flexural-torsional buckling moment.

A comparative study on the phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of two endemic <i>Onosma</i> species

Saravanakumar, Kandasamy,Sarikurkcu, Cengiz,Sarikurkcu, Rifat Tayyib,Wang, Myeong-Hyeon Elsevier 2019 Industrial crops and products Vol.142 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The studies on bioactivities of plant extracts are a fundamental requirement for future pharmacological research. Therefore, the present study extracted the phytochemicals from the two endemic species such as <I>Onosma isaurica</I> and <I>O. bracteosa</I> and tested their antioxidant, reducing power and enzyme inhibitory activities followed by scanning of the phytochemicals in the extracts by using liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS<I>)</I>. The results revealed that the antioxidant activity in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and ferrous ion chelating was not statistically significant between the species but 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazloine-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging was significant between the two species. Reducing power in terms of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing did not exhibit the significance while cupric ion (CUPRAC) reducing and phosphomolybdenum displayed significance between the two species. In case of the enzyme inhibitory assay, the α-amylase inhibitory activity was significant but tyrosinase inhibitory was not significant between the species. The bioactivities of the extracts were compared with standard positive controls as trolox for ABTS radical, DPPH radical, FRAP reducing, CUPRAC reducing and phosphomolybdenum; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for ferrous ion chelating; acarbose for α-amylase inhibition; and kojic acid for tyrosinase inhibition. Both of the species showed significantly higher bioactivity than their respective positive controls. Interestingly the bioactivity was found promising with <I>O. bracteosa</I> over <I>O. isaurica</I> due to the high presence of the phenolics. The richness of the phytochemicals in <I>O. bracteosa</I> was evidenced by LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis. In conclusion, the two endemic species - <I>O. isaurica</I> and <I>O. bracteosa</I> – which are rich in bioactivity deserve for conservation and sustainable utilization towards developing pharmaceutically valid natural products in the future.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The bioactive phytochemicals in two endemic <I>Onosma</I> species was examined. </LI> <LI> The extracts from both <I>Onosma</I> species showed the potent health promoting activities. </LI> <LI> The phytochemicals in extracts was identified by LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis. </LI> <LI> Conservation of these endemic species can offer the pharmaceutically valid products. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>