Larvicidal activity of compounds identified in Pongamia pinnata against Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens palle

Haribalan Perumalsamy,Kadarkarai Murugan,Young-Joon Ahn 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

The toxicity of materials derived from seed of Pongamia pinnata Pierre toward to third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens was examined using direct contact bioassay. Results were compared with those of the currently used insecticides: fenthion and temephos. The active principles of Pongamia pinnata were identified as the karanjin (1), pongamone (2), palmitic acid (3) and karanjachromene (4), by spectroscopic analysis. Based on 24h LC50 values, karanjin (14.61 and 16.13 ppm) was the most toxic compound but less effective than fenthion (0.0031 and 0.068 ppm) and temephos (0.016 and 0.056 ppm) against Ae. aegypti and Cx p. pallens. Moderate toxicity was produced by pongamone (34.50 and 39.53 ppm), palmitic acid (36.93 and 42.96 ppm), and karanjachromene (43.05 and 48.95 ppm). P. pinnata seed derived materials, particularly karanjin, merit further study as potential mosquito larvicides for the control of mosquito populations in light of global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic larvicides in the aquatic environment

Larvicidal and smoke repellency effect of Toddalia asiatica and Aegle marmelos against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae)

Arunachalam VINEETHA,Kadarkarai MURUGAN 한국곤충학회 2009 Entomological Research Vol.39 No.1

Investigations were made to evaluate the larvicidal activity and smoke repellent potential of Toddalia asiatica (L.) and Aegle marmelos at different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 p.p.m.) against first to fourth instar larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti(L.). The LC50 of A. marmelos and T. asiatica against first instars was 50.960 and 47.893 p.p.m., respectively; against second instars, 52.979 and 50.922; third instars, 56.653 and 54.461; and fourth instars, 60.778 and 61.278. The LC50 and LC90 for A. marmelos and T. asiatica against pupae were 56.634 and 112.992, and 53.64 and 116.22 p.p.m., respectively. The smoke toxicity of T. asiatica against Ae. aegypti was greater than that of A. marmelos. Smoke-exposed gravid females oviposited fewer eggs when compared to those that were not exposed to smoke. Smoke-exposed females hatched a lower percentage of eggs compared to unexposed females.

Larvicidal and insect growth regulator effect of α -amyrin acetate from Catharanthus Roseus Linn against the malaria vector Anopheles Stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae)

Chenniappan KUPPUSAMY,Kadarkarai MURUGAN,Narayanasamy ARUL,Perumal YASODHA 한국곤충학회 2009 Entomological Research Vol.39 No.1

Vector control is a serious concern in developing countries. Over the past two decades, phytochemicals have received progressively more attention as insecticide alternatives, and they have recently become the focus in the concept of integrated vector control. α-Amyrin acetate, the n-hexane fraction of acetone extract from the leaves of Catharanthus roseus, was evaluated for its larvicidal, pupicidal and fecundity effects as well as insect growth regulator activity against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi Liston. The highest concentration of 1 p.p.m. produced 100% mortality in first to second instars and 94% mortality in third and fourth instars. In addition, the duration of larval instars and the total developmental time were prolonged, while female longevity and fecundity were markedly decreased. The suppression of pupation and adult emergence was probably due to its action similar to juvenile hormone analogs in combination with growth regulator activity and toxicity, which reduced the overall performance of the malaria vector An. stephensi.

Toxicity of Acalypha indica (Euphorbiaceae) and Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) leaf extracts to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Siva Kamalakannan,Kadarkarai Murugan,Donald R. Barnard 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.1

Alternative control strategies for the dengue vector Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) include botanical insecticides. They are believed to pose little threat to the environment or to human health and may provide practical substitutes for synthetic insecticides. In this study, we determined the biological activities of methanol extracts of Acalypha indica L. (Euphorbiaceae) and Achyranthes aspera L (Amaranthaceae) leaves individually and in combination as botanical insecticides against Ae. aegypti. Based on LC_50 values for 4th instar Ae. aegypti, the combined extracts showed the strongest larvicidal activity (277 ppm). A. aspera and A. indica extracts individually gave similar results (409 and 420 ppm, respectively). Respective LC_50 values for pupae were 326 ppm, 456 ppm, and 467 ppm. In studies of smoke toxicity, 64% of females exposed to negative control smoke (no extract) blood fed on chicken, whereas 17% blood fed when exposed to smoke containing A. aspera extract and to positive control smoke (0.2% d-allethrin). In the field, treatment of water storage tanks (≈0.5 m^3) with combined plant extract reduced larval and pupal populations by 97% and 81%, respectively,after 5 days. Given the results of this study, further evaluation of the combined (A. indica + A. aspera) extract as a mosquito larvicide is warranted. Mosquito coils with A. aspera extract also show promise as a practical and potentially economical means for mitigating mosquito blood feeding.

Facile green synthesis of nano-sized ZnO using leaf extract of Morinda tinctoria: MCF-7 cell cycle arrest, antiproliferation, and apoptosis studies

Jaganathan Anitha,Rajendran Selvakumar,Senthilnayagam Hema,Kadarkarai Murugan,타탄프렘쿠마르 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.105 No.-

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by a facile, one-pot, greener approach using aqueousleaf extract of the medicinal plant Nuna (Morinda tinctoria) and were analyzed by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), field emissionscanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. TheTEM images confirmed that the as-prepared greener Nuna (Nu)-mediated ZnO NPs (Nu-ZnO NPs) werespherical in shape, with an average diameter of 8–10 nm. Further, the single phase and crystallinity ofthe Nu-ZnO NPs were observed by PXRD pattern. In addition, the biogenic Nu-ZnO NPs showed high cytotoxicityin human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells in vitro. These tiny spherical bodies producedprofound toxicity according to the MTT assay, with IC50 of 46 mg/mL. Apoptosis and morphologicalchanges were studied using acridine orange/ethidium bromide and 40,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole fluorescencestaining and MTT assays. Finally, the anticancer efficacy of biosynthesized Nu-ZnO NPs wasimparted by dysregulation of cell division through arrest of growth-promoting and inhibiting signalsin the S phase, with further reduction in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In conclusion, Nu-ZnO NPs conferredMCF-7 cell toxicity by modulating proliferation and inducing apoptosis.

Contrasting genetic diversity and intra-population polymorphism of the invasive pest Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae): A DNA barcoding approach

Pushparaj Karthika,Chithravel Vadivalagan,Natraj Krishnaveni,Kadarkarai MURUGAN,Marcello Nicoletti,Angelo Canale,Giovanni Benelli 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.1

Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is one of the most important pests attacking Solanaceae crops in Asian countries. Despite its agricultural importance, little information is available on the molecular ecology and evolution. In this study, we used DNA barcoding to explore the genetic diversity and intrapopulation polymorphisms of H. vigintioctopunctata. Haplotype analysis of the partial COI gene sequences of H. vigintioctopunctata fromfour localities in South India and other globally available haplotypes revealed two genetically distinctive lineages. The TCS haplotype network with the main clusters G1, G2, G4 and G6 represented intra-population polymorphismamong the Indian lineages,while other clusterswere differentiatedwith unique mutational steps. High substitutions in the 1st and 3rd codon suggested the dominance of synonymous substitutionswith significant p-values b 0.05, that inferred for purifying selection. The genetic diversity indices Fu's Fs and neutrality index Tajima-D had negative values that implied for recent population expansion and lowfrequency of polymorphism. Further, high genetic divergences among certain haplotype comparisons evidenced the influence of micro-evolutionary pressures. The threshold value was 1.26%, which was supported by the postulates of 10× rule. Overall, the study firstly reported the genetic diversity and intra-population polymorphism of H. vigintioctopunctata populations attacking Solanaceae species in Asian countries.

Clerodendrum chinense-mediated biofabrication of silver nanoparticles: Mosquitocidal potential and acute toxicity against non-target aquatic organisms

Marimuthu Govindarajan,Mohan Rajeswary,S.L. Hoti,Kadarkarai MURUGAN,Kalimuthu Kovendan,Subramanian Arivoli,Giovanni Benelli 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.1

Mosquito-borne diseases represent a deadly threat for millions of people worldwide. However, the use of synthetic insecticides to control Culicidae may lead to high operational costs and adverse non-target effects. Plantborne compounds have been proposed for rapid extracellular synthesis ofmosquitocidal nanoparticles. Their impact against biological control agents of mosquito larval populations has been poorly studied. In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using the Clerodendrumchinense leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesis of AgNP was confirmed analyzing the excitation of surface Plasmon resonance using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the clustered and irregular shapes of Ag NP. The presence of silver was determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis investigated the identity of secondary metabolites,which may act as Ag NP capping agents. The acute toxicity of C. chinense leaf extract and biosynthesized Ag NP was evaluated against larvae of Anopheles subpictus, Aedes albopictus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Compared to the leaf aqueous extract, biosynthesized Ag NP showed higher toxicity against A. subpictus, A. albopictus, and C. tritaeniorhynchus with LC50 values of 10.23, 11.10 and 12.38 μg/mL, respectively. Biosynthesized Ag NPswere found safer to non-target organisms Diplonychus indicus, Anisops bouvieri and Gambusia affinis, with respective LC50 values ranging from647.05 to 6877.28 μg/ml. Overall, our results highlight that C. chinense-fabricated Ag NP are a promising and eco-friendly tool against larval populations ofmosquito vectors of medical and veterinary importance, with negligible toxicity against non-target aquatic organisms. © 2015 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection

Isolation and Identification of Larvicidal Principles Identified in Pongamia pinnata Seed Toward Insecticide-susceptible Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti and Wild Aedes albopictus

Haribalan Perumalsamy,Jun-Ran Kim,Murugan Kadarkarai,Young-Joon Ahn 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05

The toxicity of materials derived from the seed of Pongamia pinnata to third instars of insecticide-susceptible Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti and wild Aedes albopictus was examined using a direct contact bioassay. Results were compared with those of the currently used insecticides fenthion and temephos. The active principles of Pongamia pinnata were identified as the karanjin (1), karanjachromene (2), pongamol (3), pongarotene (4), oleic acid (5), and palmitic acid (6) by spectroscopic analysis. Based on 24 h LC50 values, karanjin (14.61 and 16.13 mg/L) was the most toxic compound, followed by oleic acid (18.07 and 18.45 mg/L) and karanjachromene (18.74 and 20.57 mg/L). These constituents were less toxic than either fenthion (LC50, 0.0031 and 0.0048 mg/L) or temephos (0.021 and 0.050 mg/L) against Ae. aegypti and Cx. p. pallens. Low toxicity was produced by pongamol (LC50, 23.95 and 25.76 mg/L), pongarotene (25.52 and 37.61 mg/L), and palmitic acid (34.50 and 42.96 mg/L). Against A. alpopictus instars, oleic acid (LC50, 18.79 mg/L) was most toxic. Low toxicity was observed with the other five constituents (LC50, 35.26- 85.61 mg/L). P. pinnata seed-derived active principles, particularly karanjin, karanjachromene, and oleic acid, merits further study as potential mosquito larvicides for the control of mosquito populations in light of global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic larvicides in the aquatic environment.

A novel photo-biological engineering method for <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i>-mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles using LED lights sources and its effectiveness against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquito larvae and microbial pathogens

Lee, Jeong-Ho,Velmurugan, Palanivel,Park, Jung-Hee,Murugan, Kadarkarai,Lovanh, Nanh,Park, Yool-Jin,Oh, Byung-Taek,Venkatachalam, Perumal,Benelli, Giovanni Elsevier 2018 Physiological and molecular plant pathology Vol.101 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, <I>Salvia miltiorrhiza-</I>synthesized Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated using sunlight or various LED lights were studied for their biophysical features and evaluated as larvicides against <I>Aedes aegypti</I> mosquitoes and growth inhibitors on different species of microbial pathogens. AgNPs production post-exposure to sunlight or different LED light conditions (i.e. blue, red, green, and white) was confirmed by characteristic surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) at maximum λ of 430, 420, 460, 450, and 460 nm, respectively. Optimization of pH, reducing extract concentration, metal ion concentration and time elapsed from the nano-biosynthesis was achieved. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) showed that most AgNPs was spherical, triangular and oval, with average size of 18.5, 28.02, 50.22, 16.26 and 10.12 nm for white, green, red, blue and sunlight, respectively. XRD confirmed the all the obtained AgNPs showed face centered cubic (fcc) crystal lattice. FT-IR analysis of all synthesized AgNPs indicated the involvement of phenol, amine, hydroxyl and amino groups in the reduction of nano-Ag. All tested AgNPs inhibited the growth of <I>Brevibacterium linens</I> (KACC-14346), <I>Propionibacterium acnes</I> (KACC 11946), <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (KACC-10768) and <I>Staphylococcus epidermidis.</I> As a general trend, larvicidal assays conducted on dengue and Zika virus vector <I>Aedes aegypti</I> showed that, after 48 h of exposure, the toxicity achieved by sunlight-fabricated AgNPs was slightly higher if compared to AgNPs fabricated using various LED lights. Overall, our research highlighted the importance of abiotic parameters, with special reference to light condition, during green nanosynthesis of antimicrobials and larvicides.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel photo-biological engineering method for <I>Salvia miltiorrhiza-</I>mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles using LED lights sources was established. </LI> <LI> Engineered biomolecule-capped silver nanoparticles were characterized by using FT-IR, XRD, HR-TEM analysis. </LI> <LI> Green synthesized nanoparticles exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against microbial pathogens. </LI> <LI> Photo-fabricated metallic silver nanoparticles showed efficient larvicidal activity against dengue and Zika virus vector <I>Aedes aegypti.</I> </LI> </UL> </P>