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PCR - RFLP 기법을 이용해 젖소개량을 위한 유전적 표지로서 K- Casein 좌위의 유전자형 분석
정의룡(E . R . Chung),김우태(W . T . Kim),최석호(S . H . Choi),임태진(T . J . Rhim),한상기(S . K . Han) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.1
Genotypes of K-casein(K-CN) locus as a genetic marker linked to quantitative trait loci affecting traits of economic importance in dairy cattle were determined by PCR-RFLP method. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood of Holstein cows. The PCR was used to amplify an 874 by region between nucleotides 10592 and 11466 from exon IV to intron IV of the bovine K-CN gene using sense primer(5`-GTGCTGAGTAGGTATCCTAG-3`) and antisense primer(5`GTAGAGTGCAACAACACTGG-3`). After amplification, PCR products were digested with four restriction enzymes, Hind III, Rsa I, Taq I, and Pst I, and the fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis for RFLP analysis of K-CN locus. In addition to screening for the known Hind III and Rsa I restriction site polymorphisms of K-CN locus, we have found additional RFLPs specific for the K-CN A and B alleles in Taca I and Pst I enzymes. The amplified DNA product digested with each restriction enzyme generated specific RFLP pattern that allowed precise identification of K-CN AA, BB or AB genotypes. The K-CN genotypes determined for cows by the PCR-RFLP method agreed completely with the phenotypes obtained from milk samples of the same individuals. Thus, PCR amplification and RFLP analysis was shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for the discrimination of K-CN genotypes directly at the DNA level in dairy cattle of any age or sex. Consequently, the PCR-RFLP method presented in this study can be used as a valuable tool for early selection of AI bulls and calves with desirable K-CN B gene or K-CN BB genotype affecting superior milk production traits for genetic improvement of Holstein dairy cattle.
Group nearest-neighbor queries in the L<sub>1</sub> plane
Son, W.,Bae, S.W.,Ahn, H.K. North-Holland Pub. Co ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Theoretical computer science Vol.592 No.-
<P>Let P be a set of n points in the plane. The k-nearest-neighbor (abbreviated as k-NN) query problem is to preprocess P into a data structure that quickly reports k closest points in P for a query point q. This paper addresses a generalization of the k-NN query problem to a query set Q of points, namely, the group k-nearest-neighbor query problem, in the L-1 plane. More precisely, a query is assigned with a set Q of at most m points and a positive integer k with k <= n, and the distance between a point p of P and a query set Q is defined as the sum of L-1 distances from p to all q is an element of Q. The maximum number m of query points Q is assumed to be known in advance and to be at most n. In this paper, we propose two algorithms, one based on the range tree and the other based on a data structure for segment dragging queries, and obtain the following complexity bounds: (1) a group k-NN query can be handled in O (T-min log n + (k + m(2))(log logn + logm)) time after preprocessing P using O(m(2)nlog(2)n) space, where T-min = min {k + m, m(2)}, or (2) a group k-NN query can be handled in O ((k + m)log(2) n + m(2)(log(is an element of) n + log m)) time after preprocessing P using O (m(2)n) space, where is an element of > 0 is an arbitrarily small constant. We also show that our approach can be applied to the weighted group k-nearest-neighbor query problem and the group k-farthest-neighbor query problem. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Everitt, W.N.,Kwon, K.H.,Littlejohn, L.L.,Wellman, R.,Yoon, G.J. Koninklijke Vlaamse Ingenieursvereniging 2007 Journal of computational and applied mathematics Vol.208 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We develop the left-definite analysis associated with the self-adjoint Jacobi operator Ak(α,β), generated from the classical second-order Jacobi differential expression<SUB>ℓα,β,k</SUB>[y](t)=1<SUB>wα,β</SUB>(t)((-(1-t<SUP>)α+1</SUP>(1+t<SUP>)β+1</SUP><SUP>y′</SUP>(t)<SUP>)′</SUP>+k(1-t<SUP>)α</SUP>(1+t<SUP>)β</SUP>y(t))(t∈(-1,1)),in the Hilbert space Lα,β2(-1,1)≔<SUP>L2</SUP>((-1,1);<SUB>wα,β</SUB>(t)), where <SUB>wα,β</SUB>(t)=(1-t<SUP>)α</SUP>(1+t<SUP>)β</SUP>, that has the Jacobi polynomials {Pm(α,β)}m=0∞ as eigenfunctions; here, α,β>-1 and <I>k</I> is a fixed, non-negative constant. More specifically, for each n∈N, we explicitly determine the unique left-definite Hilbert–Sobolev space Wn,k(α,β)(-1,1) and the corresponding unique left-definite self-adjoint operator Bn,k(α,β) in Wn,k(α,β)(-1,1) associated with the pair (Lα,β2(-1,1),Ak(α,β)). The Jacobi polynomials {Pm(α,β)}m=0∞ form a complete orthogonal set in each left-definite space Wn,k(α,β)(-1,1) and are the eigenfunctions of each Bn,k(α,β). Moreover, in this paper, we explicitly determine the domain of each Bn,k(α,β) as well as each integral power of Ak(α,β). The key to determining these spaces and operators is in finding the explicit Lagrangian symmetric form of the integral composite powers of <SUB>ℓα,β,k</SUB>[·]. In turn, the key to determining these powers is a double sequence of numbers which we introduce in this paper as the <I>Jacobi–Stirling numbers</I>. Some properties of these numbers, which in some ways behave like the classical Stirling numbers of the second kind, are established including a remarkable, and yet somewhat mysterious, identity involving these numbers and the eigenvalues of Ak(α,β).</P>
Urea와 K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 처리에 의한 복숭아 '미백도'에서 수확 시 과실의 무기성분 농도 및 과피색 변화
문병우,윤익구,문영지,남기웅,이영철,Moon, B.W.,Yoon, I.K.,Moon, Y.J.,Nam, K.W.,Lee, Y.C. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2013 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.15 No.1
This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of Urea and K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> treatment at stone hardening stage and 20 days before harvest on soil chemical properties, mineral nutrient concentration and quality of 'Mibaekdo' fruit peach. K concentration after Urea and K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> treatment in soil was increased significantly by Urea 162g+K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 188g/tree(standard amount) treatment at stone hardening stage, K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 1.0% tree-spray, Urea 81g+K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 94g/tree(half amount), Urea 162g+K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 188g/tree and Urea 324g+K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 376g/tree(double amount) soil treatment before harvest 20 days compared to control. T-N, K and Ca concentration in leaf was increased significantly by all treatment. but Na concentration in leaf was increased by Urea 0.5% and K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 1.0% tree-spray treatment before harvest 20 days. T-N concentration in fruit skin was increased significantly by standard amount soil treatment, which decreased by K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 1.0% tree-spray and half amount soil treatment. T-N, K and Ca concentration in fruit flesh(1~10mm depth flesh from peel) were increased markedly by all treatment excepted Urea 0.5% tree-spray. The leaf weight at harvest was increased markedly by Urea 0.5% tree-spray, standard amount and double amount treatment before harvest 20 days. Fruit weight was increased significantly by standard amount compared to all treatment. Red fruit skin(Hunter a value) progress was effective by K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> tree-spray, half amount and double amount treatment before harvest 20 days. Fruit SSC was increased significantly by Urea 0.5% and K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> tree-spray before harvest 20 days, standard amount treatment at stone hardening stage compared to control.
Enrichment of Vitamins $D_3$, K and Iron in Eggs of Laying Hens
Park, S.W.,Namkung, H.,Ahn, H.J.,Paik, I.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.2
An experiment was conducted to produce eggs enriched with vitamins $D_3$, K and iron in eggs. Six hundred 97-wk-old ISA Brown force molted hens were allocated to completely randomized block arrangement of six dietary treatments: T1; control (C), T2; C+4,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+2.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T3; C+8,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+5.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T4; C+12,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+7.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T5; C+16,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+10.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T6; C+20,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+12.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe. Fe was supplemented with Fe-methionine. Each treatment consisted of five replicates of ten cages with two birds per cage. Egg production and egg weight were highest in T2 and incidence of soft and broken egg was highest in T6. Haugh unit was not different among treatments although it tended to be increased as dietary vitamins $D_3$ and K increased. Eggshell strength was not different among treatment. Concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and K in egg yolk increased and plateaued approximately 20 days after feeding supplemented diets. The level of these vitamins peaked at 12,000 IU/kg vitamin $D_3$ and 7.5 mg/kg vitamin K supplementation and then decreased at the higher than these supplementation levels. The peak concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and vitamin K were 4.6 times and 4.8 times greater than the control, respectively. Supplementary Fe also increased Fe content in egg yolk. It is concluded that vitamin $D_3$ and K in eggs can be effectively enriched by proper supplementation time and level of these vitamins.
InAs/GaSb 응력초격자를 이용한 적외선검출소자의 제작 및 특성 연구
김준오,신현욱,최정우,이상준,김창수,노삼규,Kim, J.O.,Shin, H.W.,Choe, J.W.,Lee, S.J.,Kim, C.S.,Noh, S.K. 한국진공학회 2009 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.18 No.2
150 주기의 InAs/GaSb (8/8-ML) 제2형 응력초격자 (SLS)를 활성층에 탑재한 초격자 적외선검출소자 (SLIP) 구조를 MBE 방법으로 성장하고, 직경 $200{\mu}m$의 개구면을 가지는 SLIP 개별소자를 시험 제작하였다 고분해능 투과전자현미경 (TEM) 이미지의 휘도분포와 X선회절 (XRD) 곡선의 위성피크의 분석 결과는 SLS 활성층은 균일한 층두께와 주기적 응력변형을 유지하는 급격한 계면의 초격자임을 입증하였다. 흑체복사 적외선 광원을 이용하여 측정한 입사파장 및 인가전압에 따른 반응도 (R)와 검출률 ($D^*$)로부터, 차단파장은 ${\sim}5{\mu}m$이고 최대 R과 $D^*$ ($\lambda=3.25{\mu}m$)는 각각 ${\sim}10^3mA/W$ (-0.6 V/13 K)와 ${\sim}10^9cm.Hz^{1/2}/W$ (0 V/13 K)임을 보였다. 반응도의 온도의존성으로부터 분석한 활성화에너지 275 meV는 광반응 과정에 개입되어 있는 가전대 및 전도대 부준위 사이의 에너지 간격 (HH1-C)과 잘 일치하였다. The superlattice infrared photodetector (SLIP) with an active layer of 8/8-ML InAs/GaSb type-II strained-layer superlattice (SLS) of 150 periods was grown by MBE technique, and the proto-type discrete device was defined with an aperture of $200-{\mu}m$ diameter. The contrast profile of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) image and the satellite peak in the x-ray diffraction (XRD) rocking curve show that the SLS active layer keeps abrupt interfaces with a uniform thickness and a periodic strain. The wavelength and the bias-voltage dependences of responsivity (R) and detectivity ($D^*$) measured by a blackbody radiation source give that the cutoff wavelength is ${\sim}5{\mu}m$, and the maximum Rand $D^*$ ($\lambda=3.25{\mu}m$) are ${\sim}10^3mA/W$ (-0.6 V/13 K) and ${\sim}10^9cm.Hz^{1/2}/W$ (0 V/13 K), respectively. The activation energy of 275 meV analyzed from the temperature dependent responsivity is in good agreement with the energy difference between two SLS subblevels of conduction and valence bands (HH1-C) involving in the photoresponse process.
비육중인 HOLSTEIN 수소에 있어서 저질 조사료의 에너지 이용성에 관한 연구
한인규,김홍대,하종규,김완영,Yanglian, Feng 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.5
본 연구는 저질 조사료의 에너지 가치 및 이용성을 평가하기 위해서 평균체중이 400㎏인 비육중인 Holstein 수소 4두를 공시하여 수행하였다. 공시동물은 각각 호흡대사실에서 4가지 사료를 4×4 Latin square 방법으로 공급받았다. 대조구는 농후사료(50%)와 Chinese wildrye hay(50%) 사료를 사용하였으며, 처리구는 저질 조사료구로서 무처리 볏짚(100%). 요소처리 볏짚(100%) 및 Chinese wildrye 건초(100%) 등 3가지 사료를 이용하였다. 처리구간의 에너지소화율에 있어서는 유의적 차이가 나타나지 알았지만, 대조구는 처리구에 비하여 에너지소화율이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). Chinese wildrye 건초만을 에너지 섭취수준을 달리하여 급여한 결과, 에너지섭취가 증가할수록 에너지소화율은 감소하였다. 또한 같은 시험에서, 조사료 입자가 감소할수록 에너지소화율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 메탄과 뇨를 통한 에너지 손실에 있어서 처리구 및 대조구간에 차이는 없었지만, 사료중의 NDF가 증가할수록 메탄생성이 증가하였다. 요소처리 볏짚과 Chinese wildrye 건초 처리구간에 K_m과 K_f 모두 비슷하였으며, 대조구의 K_f가 가장 높게 나타났다. 단백질과 지방의 체내축적은 대조구, Chinese wildrye 건초구, 요소처리 볏짚구 및 무처리 볏짚구 순으로 높았다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과는 화학처리 볏짚이 에너지소화율과 이용성에 면에서 무처리 볏짚보다 우수하게 나타났으며, 특히 값비싼 Chinese wildrye 건초를 에너지 이용성 면에서 값싼 화학처리 볏짚으로 대체할 수 있는 가능성을 보였다. Four steers weighing average of around 400㎏ were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study energy values of low quality roughages. The energy digestibilities of rice straw, treated rice straw, and Chinese wildrye hay were not significantly different. However, the digestibility of control diet (concentrate + Chinese wildrye hay) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of low-quality roughages. The energy digestibility of rice straw was not improved due to the treatment of urea-Ca(OH)₂. The result showed N digestibility tended to be higher in the steer fed treated rice straw. When effects of particle sizes of low quality roughage, Chinese wildrye hay, on energy digestibility were determined, there were no significant differences in GE intakes among the treatments of four particle sizes of the hay. Results also showed that energy digestibility tended to slightly increase as the particle size reduced. Methane production in relation to DE was the highest in the treatment of untreated rice straw, and the lowest with control diet. However, there were no significant differences among four feeding treatments. Urine excretion showed similar trends with methane production. Total energy loss via methane and urine against DE were 12.26, 22.93, 16.35, and 14.88 % in control diet, untreated rice straw, treated rice straw, and Chinese wildrye hay, respectively. The efficiency of utilization of DE was not significantly different among the treatments, but untreated rice straw showed the lowest efficiency. The results also showed that K_m, among untreated rice straw, treated rice straw, and wildrye hay were similar. These data also showed that both the K_m, and K_f from treated rice straw and Chinese wildrye hay were remarkably similar. This similarity clearly showed that treated rice straw had no effect on the efficiency of ME utilization for either K_m and K_f in fattening steers. The K_f of control diet was the highest among the treatment. With regard to body deposition of protein and fat, the results showed the higher values in the order of control diet, Chinese wildrye hay, treated rice straw, and rice straw. Based on these observations, this study regarding energy utilization clearly shows that a portion of expensive forages in the diet could be replaced with low-quality roughages such as treated rice straw.