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Geotextile Bags and Tubes for Beach and Riverbank Restoration
S. H. Chew,C. Y. Tan,K. E. Chua,W. H. Ho 한국토목섬유학회 2011 한국토목섬유학회 학술발표회 Vol.2011 No.11
There is an increasing popularity on the use of geotextile tubes and bags for different sizes and shapes for coastal, beach and river bank application in this region over the last 10 years. These geotextile bags, tubes, and containers are basically functioned as either a gravity mass as part of containment bunds; or massive surface protection for beach stabilization and restoration, or vegetated erosion control slope protection for river bank and riverfront; or a mean of dewatering of soft sediments contained inside. This paper summarizes the two recent projects in Singapore and Malaysia: (a) Beach restoration using specially designed geotextiles bags, and (b) Riverfront restoration using combination of geotextiles tubes and bags. It highlights the innovative and cost effective solution in these applications. For the beach restoration project in Singapore, stacked geotextile bags have been used to reconstruct the eroded shoreline due to the wave action on the beaches along the east coast of Singapore. For the riverfront project that involved reclamation and slope protection in Malaysia, geotextile tubes and bags are used as an alternative design to the conventional armor rock system and anchored bulkhead.
The metaphyseal sleeve: an unexplored option in the treatment of complex primary knee osteoarthritis
Wong W. K.,Chua H. S. 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-
Background: In an ever-aging society that as a whole has become more affluent, significant emphasis has been accorded to an improved quality of life. Knee osteoarthritis is ever-increasingly treated with total knee arthroplasty. The benefits and satisfaction experienced by those who have undergone total knee replacements (TKR) are well documented in the literature. The issue arises when osteoarthritis of the affected knee is more complex than simple osteoarthritis, i.e. the patient has complex primary osteoarthritis. This collective term encompasses conditions such as massive bone loss, ligamentous laxity, coronal defects and those with contractures. There are various classifications to describe massive bone loss but we utilized the Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute (AORI) classification. Numerous treatment options are available and we report the use of metaphyseal sleeves as a highly successful treatment option. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all the patients at our centre who underwent primary TKR using the metaphyseal sleeves. Patients were assessed on symptoms and functional status, and radiographs were also taken to assess for osseointegration. Only patients who completed 2 years of follow up were included in our study. Results: The updated (2011) Knee Society Score (KSS) was used in conjunction with radiological assessments at each follow up. Mean KSS scores improved from 53.83 preoperatively to 193.39 postoperatively. All patients demonstrated increasing osseointegration throughout follow up. Conclusion: The metaphyseal sleeve is an excellent treatment option for complex primary osteoarthritic knees with good results objectively, functionally and radiologically and would be a great choice for all orthopaedic surgeons to include in their armamentarium.
T.J. Whitcher,K.H. Yeoh,C.L. Chua,K.L. Woon,N. Chanlek,H. Nakajima,T. Saisopa,P. Songsiriritthigul 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.3
The work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) was increased by treating ITO with dichlorobenzene with UV light. Carbon contamination of the Cl-ITO was measured using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and argon ion sputtering was used to remove the carbon from the surface. It was found that the carbon contamination from residual dichlorobenzene significantly lowered the work function of the ITO and after argon ion sputtering the work function increased to 5.8 eV. It was found that chlorination of ITO occurs after more than 6 min of UV exposure. Further sputtering of ITO resulted in the removal of the functionalized chlorine, the introduction of argon ion contaminants on the ITO decreases its work function.
Investigation of the size effect for photonic crystals
Liu, M,Xu, W,Bai, J,Chua, C K,Wei, J,Li, Z,Gao, Y,Kim, D H,Zhou, K IOP 2016 Nanotechnology Vol.27 No.40
<P>Three types of photonic crystal (PC) thin films have been prepared for the investigation of their deformation behaviors by nanoindentation tests at the microscale and nanoscale. Each type of PC thin film was composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles with a uniform size. Another type of thin film was prepared by assembling nanoparticles with three different sizes. It was exciting to observe that the hardness and Young’s modulus were significantly improved (more than 15 times) in well-ordered PC thin films than disordered ones. Furthermore, size-dependent mechanical properties were observed for the three types of PCs. Such a size effect phenomenon can be attributed to the special polycrystalline material having a periodical face-centered cubic structure of PC thin films. Furthermore, the indentation size effect that shows that the indentation hardness decreases with an increasing indentation depth has also been observed for all four types of thin films. It is conjectured that the application of the PC structure to other functional materials may enhance their mechanical properties.</P>
Y. W. Ewa-Choy,B. Pingguan-Murphy,N. A. Abdul-Ghani,J. Jahendran,K. H. Chua 한국생체재료학회 2017 생체재료학회지 Vol.21 No.4
Background: The three-dimensional (3D) system is one of the important factors to engineer a biocompatible and functional scaffold for the applications of cell-based therapies for cartilage repair. The 3D alginate hydrogels system has previously been shown to potentially promote chondrogenesis. The chondrocytic differentiation of co-cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and nasal chondrocytes (NCs) within alginate constructs are hypothesized to be influenced by concentration of alginate hydrogel. In this study, we evaluated the effects of alginate concentration on chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs and NCs co-cultured in a biological approach. Method: The co-cultured cells of 2:1 ADSCs-to-NCs ratio were encapsulated in alginate constructs in one of three concentrations (1.0%, 1.2% and 1.5%) and cultured under serum free conditions for 7 days. Cell viability, cell proliferation, immunohistochemical, gycosaminogylycans (GAG) synthesis, and gene expression were examined. Results: Overall, the 1.2% alginate concentration group was relatively effective in chondrocytic differentiation in comparable to other groups. The cell morphology, cell viability, and cell proliferation revealed initial chondrogenic differentiation by the formation of cell clusters as well as the high permeability for exchange of solutes. The formation of newly synthesis cartilage-specific extracellular matrix in 1.2% group was demonstrated by positive immunohistochemical staining of collagen type II. The co-cultured cells in 1.2% group highly expressed COL II, ACP and SOX-9, compared to 1. 0% and 1.5% groups, denote the retention of cartilaginous-specific phenotype by suppressing the undifferentiation stem cell markers of SOX-2 and OCT-4. The study showed 1.2% group was less likely to differentiate towards osteogenesis by downregulating hyperthrophy chondrocytic gene of COL X and osseous marker genes of OSC and OSP. Conclusion: This study suggests that variations in the alginate concentration of co-cultured ADSCs and NCs influenced the chondrogenesis. The remarkable biological performance on chondrogenic differentiation in regulating the concentration of alginate 3D culture provides new insights into the cell cross-talk and demonstrates the effectiveness in regenerative therapies of cartilage defects in tissue engineering.