실리콘 직접 접합/전기화학적 식각정지를 이용한 실리콘 다이아프램의 형성과 실리콘 압력센서 제조에의 응용

김성환,주병권,김철주,차균현,오명환,하병주,김근섭,송만호 한국센서학회 1994 센서학회지 Vol.3 No.3

A new type of Si diaphragm was fabricated using Si-wafer direct bonding and two-step electrochemical etch-stopping methods. Using the new diaphragm structure in mechanical sensors, more precise control of cavity depth and diaphragm thickness was achievable. Also, the propagation of the stress, which was generated near the bonding interface, to the surface can be avoided. Finally, a piezoresistive-type Si pressure sensor was fabricated utilizing the diaphragm and a digital pressure gauge, which can display units of pressure, was realized.

Chemical Bath Deposition 방법으로 제작한 CdSe 박마의 특성

신영진,홍광준,이상열,유상하,서상석,문종대,신현길,김택성,송정훈,유기수,정태수 한국센서학회 1993 센서학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Polycrystalline CdSe thin films were grown on ceramic substrate using a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. They were annealed at various temperature and X-ray diffraction patterns were measured by X-ray diffractometer in order to study CdSe polycrystal structure. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the CdSe samples annealed in N₂ gas at 450℃ it was found hexagonal structure whose lattice parameters a_o and c_o were 4.302 A and 7.014 A, respectively. Its grain size was about 0.3 ㎛. Hall effect on this sample was measured by Van der Pauw method and studied on carrier density and mobility depending on temperature. From Hall data, the mobility was likely to be decreased by piezo electric scattering at temperature range of 33 K and 200 K, and by polar optical scattering at temperature range of 200 K and 293 K. We measured also spectral response, sensitivity (γ), maximum allowable power dissipation and response time on these samples.

차동 플로팅매스형 전자 트랜스듀서를 이용한 이식형 인공중이의 실험적 평가

송병섭,김명남,조진호,정주영,김동만,이건일 경북대학교 전자기술연구소 2001 電子技術硏究誌 Vol.22 No.2

Recently, implantable middle ear hearing system have attracted hearing impaired person's attention because it can overcome the disadvantages of conventional hearing aids such as sound distortion, sound feedback and howling effect. In this study, implantable middle ear hearing system, using DFMT(differential floating mass type) transducer that has two magnets glued with the same pole facing was evaluated by performing several experiments. The results of vibration experiments using DFMT transducer showed several advantages such as high vibration efficiency, good frequency response, minimal influencing by external magnetic flux, etc. And the results of the ABR(auditory brainstem response) test using guinea pig proved the performance of transducer in the animal's body and the possibility of clinical application of the implantable middle ear system for mild to severe hearing loss patients.

다이프로피온산 베클로메타손과 부데소니드의 투여 용량에 따른 코르티솔 농도와 변화

이영승,김종구,이양근,최수미,송하숙,이용철 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.45 No.6

Background: Topical inhaled steroids, budesonide (Bu) and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) is now established in the management of chronic: asthma. These have high topical anti-inflammatory activity but low systemic activity. This study was performed to determine the effects of two inhaled corticosteroids, Bu and BDP, on the adrenocortical supression in thirty patients, eighteen chronic obstructive pumonary diseases and twelve bronchial asthma (aged 33-76 years). Methods: The adrenocortical function was assessed by measurement of plasma cortisol concentration at 8 o' clock in morning and free cortisol in 24-hour urine collection at interval, No steroid was taken during the pretreatment period of 10 days, thereafter each subject inhaled Bu or BDP aerosol, in daily doses of 800 or 1,600 micrograms for 12 days. The dose was delieved by metered dose inhaler (MDI) or diskhaler. No steroid was taken during the final 6 days of the study. Results: The plasma cortisol and 24-hour urinary free cortisol were decreased during the treatment period in patients inhaled Bu in daily doses of 800 and 1,600 micrograms. In contrast, plasma cortisol was decreased on the 12th day of treatment period in patients inhaled RDP, in daily doses of 800 micrograms (P less than 0.05). The plasma cortisol and 24-hour urinary free cortisol were decreased (P less than 0.05) on the 9 and 12 th day of treatment period in patients inhaled BDP in daily doses of 1,600 micrograms. Conclusion: These results suggested that suppression of the endogenous cortisol secretion occurs at inhaled budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate is less suppressed on the adrenocortical function than budesonide in dose dependent fashion during the early periods,

제 2 형 당뇨병에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관 합병증의 대비

강문호,이기영,정연실,김홍규,서찬종,송광식,박혜영,이원기 대한당뇨병학회 2001 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.2

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease. As to its complications, microangiopathy predominantly develop in some patients while macroangiopathy is more predominant in others. Therefore, this study was performed to identify the factors associated with such dissociation. Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients were classified into the macro and microangiopathy groups by carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT) and the presence of severe diabetic retinopathy. Patients with IMT ≤ 0.83 mm and severe NPDR or PDR were assigned to microangiopathy group; those with IMT 0.84 mm and no diabetic retinopathy were assigned to macroangiopathy group. Of 95 patients studied, 14 were classified as microangiopathy group and 20 as macroangiopathy group. Results: When the microangiopathy and macroangiopathy groups were compared, the microangiopathy group were significantly younger at the time of examination and at the onset of diabetes, and had longer duration of diabetes. Percentage of patients receiving insulin treatment was significantly higher and plasma C-peptide significantly lower in the microangiopathy group. However, HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the macroangiopathy group. Furthermore, the multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that younger onset of type 2 diabetes was an independent factor that was associated with the acceleration of microangiopathy. Conclusion: This study suggests that the age at onset of diabetes is an important independent risk factor that is associated with predominant development of microangiopathy in type 2 diabetic patients.

변형된 트랜스듀서 및 FM을 이용한 이식형 인공중이 시스템의 전력효율 개선

윤영호,원철호,송병섭,정영숙,김명남,박세광,이상흔,조진호 경북대학교 전자기술연구소 1997 電子技術硏究誌 Vol.18 No.2

In design of implantable middle ear system, it is necessary that the system has a high power-transfer efficiency because die internal circuit of the system has no power source. The FM transmission method transfers the signal power more efficiently than AM method because AM signal has large carrier component which act as the loss. Therefore, an implantable middle ear system using FM transmission and receiving method is proposed. And the new shape of vibrating transducer which vibrate more efficiently than the conventional type was designed. This tranducer is consisted of coil and small T-type cylindrical permanent magnet. The differences between conventional methods and proposed methods are investigated and compared through quantitive analysis. The advantages of proposed methods are proved by experiments.

사료내 아미노산비가 흰쥐의 성장 , 도체성분 , 조직 유리아미노산 농도 및 뇨내 질소배설량에 미치는 영향

신종서,라창식,김창혁,김병완,송영한 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

본 논문에서는 아미노산 혼합사료를 이용하여 사료내 질소 수준을 1.6N%로 일정하게 조절한 후 ET%의 단계적 변화(30, 50, 70ET%)가 휜쥐의 성장, 체성분, 혈중요소태 질소, 조직내 유리아미노산 농도 및 뇨중 질소량 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같이 요약되었다. 1. 증체량은 30ET%구에서 유의적으로 낮게(P<0.05) 나타났으나 사료섭취량은 50ET%구에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 증체량과 사료섭취량간에는 높은 상관이 인정되었다. 2. 도체 및 간장의 성분은 사료내 ET%의 변화에 의한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 혈중 유리아미노산의 농도는 사료내 ET%의 변화에 민감하게 반응하였으며 특히 threonine 농도는 30ET%구에 비하여 70ET%구가 약 35배 정도로 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 또한 총 필수아미노산의 농도는 사료내 ET%의 증가에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였으나 비필수아미노산 농도는 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 간장 및 근육내 총필수아미노산과 비필수아미노산의 농도도 혈중 아미노산의 농도 변화와 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 4. 사료내 ET%에 따른 질소 배설량은 저 ET%구에 비하여 고 ET%구에서 높게 나타났으며 사육초기 보다 사육후기에 높은 질소 배설량을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과로 미루어 사료내 아미노산 조성은 중체량과 사료섭취량에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 조직내 아미노산 농도 및 질소 배설량에도 영향을 주기 때문에 정제 아미노산을 사료에 첨가할 때에는 비필수아미노산의 함량도 고려함으로서 효율적으로 사료의 이용성을 중진시키는 방향을 모색하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 사료된다. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ET(essential amino acid/total amino acid) ratio variations (30, 50, 70 ET%) in the feeds on growth, body composition, blood urinary nitrogen, concentration of free amino acids in tissues and urinary nitrogen of rats. The nitrogen level in feed was constantly maintained at 1.6% with a purified amino acid, despite the difference in ET ratios. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Body weight gain and feed intake was significantly lower and higher in 30 and 50 ET% than in other groups, respectively(P<0.05), and body weight gain was highly correlated with feed intake. 2. No ET% ratio effects on composition of carcass and liver were observed. 3. The concentration of plasma free amino acids varied with ET% ratios in the feeds, especially the concentration of threonine in 70 ET% was 35 times higher than that in 30 ET%. The concentration of total essential amino acids was significantly elevated by increasing ET% ratios in the feeds. In liver and muscle, the patterns of total essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids were similar to that of plasma amino acids. 4. Urinary nitrogen concentration increased with higher ratios of ET% in the feeds, and was higher in early growth stage than in late growth stage. These results indicate that the amino acid composition in the feeds influence the concentration of amino acids in tissue and urinary nitrogen as well as body weight and feed intake.

OIL 의 반추위내 주입에 대한 면양의 대사적 반응

송만강,최성호,황재식 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

본 시험은 지방산 조성이 서로 다른 3종류의 oil(채종유, rapeseed oil, RSO ; 대두유, soybean oil, SBO 및 혼합어유. mixed fish oil, MFO)의 반추위 내 semicontinuous infusion 방법에 의한 주입이 사료의 반추위 내 분해율, 발효성상, 전장소화율, 소화기관 내지방산 소실률 및 혈장 내 지방산 조성에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 사료 섭취량(1.5㎏/일, 농후사료 60% + 조사료 40%, 급여상태 기준)의 4% 수준에 해당되는 각각의 oil 60g을 peristaltic pump로 매일 2회에 걸쳐 반추위에 5시간씩 연속으로 주입하였다. 본 시험은 3두의 면양을 이용하여 3종류의 oil 주입효과를 주입하지 않은 처리(대조구)와 비교하고자 3×4 Incomplete Latin square 방법으로 총 4 period에 걸쳐 실시되었다. 조사된 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 사료급여 후 1시간에 채취한 반추위액의 pH는 oil을 주입한 면양에서 대조구(control)에 비해 높았으나(P<0.01) 사료급여 3시간에서부터 채취한 위액의 pH는 처리간 차이가 없었다. 사료급여 30분 전에 채취한 반추위액의 암모니아 농도는 다른 처리구 보다 혼합 어유(MFO)를 주입한 면양에서 현저히 높았으며(P<0.05) 사료급여 후 1시간에도 다른 oil 주입구에 비해 혼합 어유 주입구가 대조구와 함께 높았다(P<0.05). 또한 사료 급여 후 3시간과 5시간에서는 대조구에 비해 oil를 주입한 면양에서 현저히 낮았다(P<0.01). 다른 처리구에 비하여 혼합 어유의 주입은 전체 채취 시간에 걸칙 반추위액의 C₂ 및 C₄ 비율을 현저히(P<0.05 또는 P<0.01) 감소시킨 반면 C₃ 비율을 증가시켰다(P<0.05 또는 P<0.01). 사료내 건물(DM), NDF 및 유기물(OM)의 유효 분해율은 대조구에 비하여 oil의 주입으로 감소되었으나(P<0.05) 조단백질(CP)과 조지방(EE)의 유효 분해율은 oil의 주입에 의한 영향을 크게 받지 않았다. 건물, NDF 및 유기물의 전장 소화율은 oil을 주입한 면양에서 감소하였으나<0.05), 조단백질의 전장 소화율은 oil의 주입에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러나 조지방의 전장소화율은 oil 주입구에서 현저히 증가되었다(P<0.01). 채종유 및 대두유 주입구에서는 하루에 배설된 C_(18:0) 량이 유입된 량을 다소 초과한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 채종유 및 대두유에 비하여 혼합 어유를 주입한 면양에서 C_(18)-USFA을 제외한 총 지방산과 각 지방산의 소실률이 높았다(P<0.05). 지방산의 경우 사료 급여 1시간 전에 채종유 빛 대두유의 주입으로 C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(l8:1)(P<0.05), C_(18:2)(P<0.01) 및 C_(18:3) (P<0.05)의 농도가 증가되었으며, 급여 후 3시간에서도 C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(18:1)(P<0.01), C_(18:2)(P<0.05) 및 C_(18:3)(P<0.05)의 농도가 증가되었다. 혼합 어유의 주입은 다른 종류의 oil 주입구에 비하여 혈장 내 C_(22:6)의 농도를 증가시켰다(P<0.05). 그 밖의 지방산 농도 역시 oil의 주입으로 증가된 경향이었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. A metabolic study was conducted with three ruminally fistulated Corriedale sheep to examine the effect of oil infusion into the rumen on fermentation characteristics and degradation of diet in the rumen, whole tract digestibility and plasma fatty acid composition. The sheep were alloted to 3 × 4 Incomplete Latin square design for the 3 different oils(rape seed oil, RSO; soybean oil, SBO and mixed fish oil, MFO) and control. Total 60 grams of each oil which was 4% level of daily intake(1.5㎏, as fed basis) of diet consisting of 60% concentrate and 40% rice straw(DM basis) were continuously infused into the rumen twice daily, 5hrs each, using peristaltic pump. Ruminal pH was higher(P<0.01) for the oil infused treatments than for the control at 1h post feeding, but were not affected thereafter. Ruminal ammonia concentration was increased(P<0.05) by MFO infusion at the 30 min. prior to feeding compared to that by infusion of other oils and control. Similar results were observed from MFO infusion and control at the 1h post feeding. Infusion of oils decreased (P<0.01) the ruminal ammonia concentration at 3 and 5h post feeding compared to control. Infusion of MFO decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) molar percents of acetic acid(C₂) and butyric acid(C₄) while increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) the molar percent of propionic acid(C₃) in the rumen fluid at various sampling times compared to the control and the infusion of RSO and SBO, but there were no differences in the other VFA's among treatments. The expected degradability(ED) of DM, neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and organic matter(OM) were reduced by oil infusion compared to those of control while the ED's of crude protein(CP) and ether extracts(EE) of diet were not affected by oil infusion. Infusion of oils reduced(P<0.05) whole tract digestibilities of DM, NDF and OM of the mixed diet in the sheep, but that of CP was not affected. Higher(P<0.01) whole tract digestibility of EE was observed by oil infusion. Daily excretion of C_(18:0) slightly exceeded the intakes from the diet and oil infusion for the sheep infused RSO and SBO. A greater(P<0.05) disappearance of fatty acids excluding C_(18)-unsaturated fatty acids in the digestive tract of the sheep was observed from the MFO infused sheep than those from the other oil infusions. Infusions of RSO and SBO into the rumen of sheep increased the concentrations of C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(18:1)(P<0.05), C_(18:2)(P<0.01) and C_(18:3)(P<0.05) at 1h prior to feeding, and C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(18:1)(P<0.01), C_(18:2)(P<0.05) and C_(18:3)(P<0.05) at 3h post feeding in the plasma. Infusion of MFO increased(P<0.05) the concentration of plasma C_(22:6) compared to those of other treatments. Similar trends were observed for the other fatty acids by infusion of oils compared to the control, but their differences were small.

탄수화물의 종류가 IN VITRO 반추위박테리아에 의한 OLEIC ACID 의 HYDROGENATION 및 INCORPORATION 에 미치는 효과

송만강,왕제휘,최향순 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 시험은 첨가하는 탄수화물의 종류가 반추위 박테리아에 의한 발효특성, 박테리아 성장 및 oleic acid(C_(18:1))의 hydrogenation과 박테리아 lipid로의 incorporation을 조사하고자 in vitro 방법으로 실시 되었다. 200㎖ non-selective basal broth medium에 dextrose, starch 또는 cellulose powder를 0.20%로(w/v) 첨가하였으며, 탄수화물이 첨가되지 않은 control을 포함한 4처리 각각을 위해 nylon 천(2×3㎝)을 이용하여 평균 87.4㎎의 C_(18:1) 과 I^-(14)C_(18:1) 2.09uCi를 흡착시켰다. Oleic acid와 각각의 탄수화물이 첨가된 broth medium에 8겹의 cheese cloth로 여과시킨 반추위액 3㎖를 첨가하여 혐기적인 방법으로 39℃의 진탕배양기에서 24시간 배양하였다. 이와는 별도로 반추위액만이 포함된 broth medium(blank)을 동일한 조건에서 배양하였다. 탄수화물의 첨가는 blank와 control에 비하여 배양 12시간 이후 배양액(broth medium)의 pH를 낮추었으며 배양 6시간에서는 dextrose 첨가구에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.0001). 배양액 암모니아 농도의 경우 12시간의 배양 이후 탄수화물 첨가구의 pH보다 blank와 control에서 더 증가되었으나(p<0.0111) 첨가한 탄수화물 종류에 따른 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 배양 종료시 배양액의 총 VFA 농도는 blank 및 control에 비하여 3종류의 탄수화물 첨가구 모두에서 현저히(p<0.0002) 증가되었다. 또한 배양시간이 경과함에 따라 acetate(C₂)의 조성 비율이 점차 감소되었던 반면 propionate(C₃)의 조성 비율은 점차 증가되었다. 배양 12시간에서는 starch와 cellulose 첨가구에서 C₂의 조성비율이 낮았으나(p<0.0002), 종료시점인 24시간에서는 blank와 control의 경우에 비하여 모든 탄수화물 첨가구에서 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.0001). Propionate의 경우 C₂와는 반대의 경향을 보였다. Butyrate 조성 비율은 24시간에 dextrose와 staph 첨가구에서(p<0.0001) 더 높았다. 한편, 24시간의 배양 후 박테리아 수는 dextrose 첨가구에서 가장 높았으나(p<0.0001) 다른 처리구 간에는 차이가 없었다. Nylon 천에서 배양액으로 유출된 C_(18:1)의 bydrogenation 율(%)은 배양 6시간 및 12시간에서 상대적으로 pH가 낮은 dextrose나 starch 첨가구에서 높았던 반면 cellulose 첨가구에서 낮은 경향을 보였다. 또한 C_(18:1)이나 stearic acid의 형태로 박테리아 lipid로의 incorporation된 율은 탄수화물 첨가구 중 pH가 가장 높았던 cellulose 첨가구에서 11.1%로 가장 증가된 경향이었다. 그러나 hydrogenation 및 incorporation 모두 탄수화물 첨가여부 또는 탄수화물의 종류에 따른 현저한 차이는 없었다. An in vitro study was conducted to examine the effect of carbohydrate sources(dextrose, starch or cellulose) added to the broth medium on fermentation characteristics, bacterial growth, hydrogenation of oleic acid(C_(18:1)) and direct incorporation of C_(18) fatty acids by mined ruminal bacteria in vitro. Carbohydrates were added to 200㎖ non-selective basal broth medium at the level of 0.2%(w/v). Oleic acid(87.4㎎) and 1-^(14)C_(18:1)(2.09uCi) were absorbed into the nylon cloth(2 × 3㎝), and the two pieces of nylon cloth were placed to 200㎖ broth medium for each treatment. Three mls of rumen fluid strained through 8 layers of cheese cloth were added to each broth medium, then was incubated anaerobically in the shaking incubator of 39℃ for 24 hour. The broth media of control which do not contain the carbohydrates and blank which contain rumen fluid only were also incubated. Addition of carbohydrates to the broth medium tended to decrease the pH of broth media after 12h and 24h incubations compared to those of blank and control, and the lowest(p<0.0001) pH was observed from the dextrose addition at the 6h incubation. Ammonia concentrations in the broth media of blank and control after 12h incubation slightly increased(p<0.0111) compared to those in the carbohydrates added media, but there were no differences in pH among carbohydrate sources. Volatile fatty acid concentration in the carbohydrates added broth media increased(p<0.0002) compared to those in blank and control after 24h incubation. As incubation time passed molar proportion of acetate(C₂) decreased gradually but propionate(C₃) proportion increased. Proportions of C₂ were lower (p<0.0002) for the starch and cellulose added media at 12h incubation while increased C₂ proportions were observed from all the carbohydrate added media compared to those from blank and control when the incubation was terminated(24h). Opposite results to the C₂ were observed from C₃. Increased(p<0.0001) molar proportions of butyrate were found from the dextrose and starch added media after 24h incubation. Highest number of viable bacteria was observed from the dextrose added medium after 24h incubation. Percent hydrogenation of C_(18:10) tended to increase for the dextrose and starch added media which were relatively low in pH after 6h and 12h incubation while incorporation(%) of C_(18:1) or C_(18:0) into the bacterial lipids tended to increase for the celluiose addod medium which was high in pH.

B . C . G 접종후 속발된 심상성 낭창양 (狼瘡樣) 반응의 1 예

송준영,서정희 대한피부과학회 1979 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

B.C.G. is a living attenuated vaccine which produces resistance to tuberculous infection. Until now, several million persons were vaccinated with B.C.G., the rnajority being between 7 and 14 years of age. A very small number of general fatal reaction have been reported but from an epidemiological view point this does not; serions dirninish. the importance of B.C.G. Vaccination in the fight against tubereulosis. Dermatological complication of R.C.G. are rarely seen. Specific reactions attributed to the Vaccination were excessive lymphadenitis, scrofuloderma like, Iupus vuIgaria like, lichen nitidus lesion and tuberculid type lesion. Non specific reactions include toxicoderma hemorrhagica, urticaria, erythema multiform, erythema nodosum and granuloma anulare. Literature was briefly reviewed comparision of clinical and histological findings with this particular case. We are going to report one case of lupus vulgaris like reaction after B.C.G. Vaccination.