작업기억력과 영어 합성어 의미차단과정

이준규 ( Lee¸ Junkyu ) 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2021 외국어교육연구 Vol.35 No.4

작업기억력과 같은 개인차 변인이 외국어교육에 미치는 영향은 상대적으로 덜 연구가 되어왔다. 개인차 변인의 중요성을 고려하여, 이 연구는 작업기억력의 영향력을 영어합성어의 의미합성을 통해 탐색하고자 한다. 영어모국어화자(L1) 집단과 고급수준의 영어학습자(L2) 집단이 실시간 의미 적합도 판단과제에 참여하였다. 이 과제에서 참여자들은 juice stone과 같이 영어에서 의미적으로 허용되지 않은 단어 연쇄를 가능한 한 빠르고 정확하게 판단하였다, 이러한 의미 차단과정의 정확도와 속도가 연산 폭 과업으로 측정된 작업기억력과 관련성이 있는지를 탐색하였다. 선형혼합모형 분석결과 L2집단의 정확도 점수는 작업기억력과 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났지만, 반응시간은 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. L1 집단에서는 정확도와 반응시간 모두 작업기억력과 관련성을 갖지 않았다. 외국어교육에서 개인차 변수에 대한 중요성에 대한 논의가 강조되었다. Despite the general consensus of the importance of individual difference in foreign language education, little is known the role of individual difference variables including working memory capacity. This study aims to examine the role of working memory capacity in sematic integrations of L2 compound comprehension. Along with an operation span task, L1 and L2 group participated in an online semantic acceptability task where the participants judged the acceptability of semantically ill-formed noun-noun compounds as quickly and accurately as possible. Three experimental conditions were manipulated by adding homonyms either to modifiers or to heads. Linear mixed effect regression revealed that the accuracy scores of L2 group in the experimental conditions were associated with the working memory scores; however, the response time were not correlated with the operations span measures. The importance of individual difference variables in foreign language education was highlighted.

System Design of SIGMA(KHUSAT-3) CubeSat Mission

Seongwhan Lee,Junkyu Lee,Kanghoon Kum,Hyojeong Lee,Junwon Seo,Youra Shin,Seonyoung Jeong,Jehyuck Shin,Junghoon Cheon,Hanjun Kim,Ho Jin,Uk-Won Nam,Sunghwan Kim,Regina Lee,Marc R. Lessard 한국천문학회 2014 天文學會報 Vol.39 No.1

CONCEPTUAL REPRESENTATION IN THE SECOND LANGUAGE LEXICON

JUNKYU LEE 사단법인 한국언어학회 2009 언어학 Vol.0 No.54

This paper examines the architecture of the second language (L2) lexicon through the same-translation effect (Jiang, 2000, 2002) with reference to L2 proficiency. The same-translation effect claims that non-native speakers make semantic overgeneralization, due to the influence of first language (L1) conceptual information on the L2 lexicon. Despite its theoretical plausibility, the empirical justification of the effect (Jiang, 2002, 2004) has been limited to a single proficiency level of L2 learners. Thus, this paper examines whether L2 learners with lower proficiency show a greater L1 influence effect than those with higher proficiency. Three groups of participants (Korean intermediate-ESL learners, Korean advanced- ESL learners, and native speakers of English) completed an off-line emanticrelatedness judgment task on pairs of English words presented in sentences. Results reveal that the same-translation effect emerged in both intermediate and advanced groups; however, the intermediate-ESL group demonstrated weaker L1 influence than the advanced-ESL group, although the difference between the two groups was not significant.

Inter-alpha Inhibitor H4 as a Potential Biomarker Predicting the Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Lee, Eun-Jung,Yang, Seung-Hyun,Kim, Kyoung-Jin,Cha, Hyejung,Lee, Seo Jin,Kim, Ji-Hye,Song, Junkyu,Chun, Kyung-Hee,Seong, Jinsil Korean Cancer Association 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.3

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Early prediction of treatment outcomes represents an essential step towards increased treatment efficacy and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by protein profiling to identify biomarkers predictive of therapeutic outcomes in patients with HCC who received liver-directed therapy (LDTx) involving local radiotherapy (RT), and studied the underlying mechanisms of the identified proteins.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>2-DE analysis was conducted by pooling sera from patients with a good or poor prognosis; serum proteomic profiles of the two groups were compared and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Identified proteins were confirmed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An invasion assay was performed after overexpression and knockdown of target protein in Huh7 cells.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Levels of inter-alpha inhibitor H4 (ITIH4), fibrinogen gamma chain, keratin 9/1 complex, carbonic anhydrase I, and carbonmonoxyhemoglobin S were changed by more than 4-fold in response to LDTx. In particular, pre-LDTx ITIH4 expression was more than 5-fold higher in patients with a good prognosis, compared to patients with a poor prognosis. The migration ability of Huh7 cells was significantly suppressed and enhanced by ITIH4 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. The tumors of patients with HCC and a good prognosis expressed high levels of ITIH4, compared to those of patients with a poor prognosis.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Taken together, ITIH4 may be a potential therapeutic target that could inhibit cancer metastasis, as well as a prognostic marker for patients with HCC who are receiving LDTx.</P>

Integrating Second Language Empirical Evidence in Theory Construction

Junkyu Lee 사단법인 한국언어학회 2010 언어학 Vol.0 No.56

The goal of this study is to investigate the value of second language empirical evidence with respect to the understanding of theoretical linguistic constructs. For this, I revisit unaccusativity (i.e., the presence of two types of intransitive verbs in mental representations) with respect to two competing theories of unaccusativity (i.e., dichotomy versus continuum). The first (L1) / the second (L2) knowledge of derivational morphology (particularly, word formation), a rarely tested empirical domain, is examined for empirical falsification of the two theories. 104 participants from three populations (two L2 English groups with different levels of English proficiency and an L1 English group) evaluated the acceptability of decontextualized words containing the -er suffix in English. Correlational analyses revealed that, in the -er suffixation, both L1 and L2 evidence supports the idea of characterizing unaccusativity as a continuum, not as a dichotomy. L2 empirical evidence is valuable not only for language development but also for theory construction.

Unaccusativity and Derivational Morphology in Second Language

Junkyu Lee 한국응용언어학회 2010 응용 언어학 Vol.26 No.2

This paper investigates second language (L2) learners’ knowledge of split intransitivity through derivational morphology, a rarely explored L2 empirical domain. Participants from three populations (advanced-ESL, high-advanced-ESL, and native-speakers of English) evaluated the acceptability of decontextualized words containing -er and re- affixes in English. The results revealed that, in the -er test, the high-advanced-ESL group behaved comparably to the NS group while, in the re- test, both the advanced-ESL and the high-advanced-ESL, groups differed significantly from the NS group. The asymmetrical findings were discussed in terms of the Unaccusative Trap Hypothesis (Oshita, 2001) and compositional differences of the two affixes. Also, the importance of researching the acquisition of the systematic nature of the L2 lexicon was highlighted, considering that not every facet of the lexicon is random, as was the case in this study.

Semantic Acceptability of Second Language Noun-noun Compounds and its Correlates with Linguistic Profiles

Junkyu Lee 한국영어학학회 2015 영어학연구 Vol.21 No.3

In psycholinguistics literature, a main divergence on noun-noun compounds such as orange juice is how the combinations of two nouns are mentally represented: full-listing models, full-paring models, and dual-route models. This study aims to address this representational issue by examining second language learners' offline semantic acceptability data while considering linguistic profiles of compounds (i.e., frequencies and the number senses of each constituents). L1 group and L2 group of an advanced level of English proficiency were asked to evaluate the semantic acceptability of 120 noun-noun compounds (60 well-formed and 60 ill-formed) on a 6-point scale. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the semantic acceptability by L1 group was positively correlated with the frequencies of compounds as a whole, which is in support of full-listing models. In contrast, a comparable statistical method for L2 group found that the semantic acceptability by L1 group was positively associated with the frequencies of compounds as a whole and are inversely with the number of senses of each constituent; and thus, the L2 data seem to lend a support for dual-route models

RELATION PRIMING AND COMPOUND PROCESSING IN A SECOND LANGUAGE

JUNKYU LEE 사단법인 한국언어학회 2010 언어학 Vol.0 No.57

This study investigates online semantic integration patterns of second language (L2) speakers in processing familiar compounds in comparison with those of first language (L1) speakers. Particularly, adopting the Competition-Among-Relations-In-Nominals theory (Gagne & Shoben 1997, 2002) as a theoretical framework, this study examines whether L1 and L2 speakers demonstrate relation priming, in which previous exposure to a compound (e.g., tennis court) facilitates the processing of a subsequent compound (e.g., tennis shoes) which has the same first constituent and the same semantic relation. In an online lexical sense decision task, an L1 and an L2 group were asked to judge whether familiar compounds, operationalized as the existence in a large English corpus, had a sensible interpretation. Results revealed the effect of relation priming in both L1 and L2 group, indicating that a modifier in a compound plays a key role in online semantic integrations of two constituents in the compound. The finding also suggests that compound processing requires an obligatory process of selecting the interpretable relations between two nouns to establish a unified representation. An implication for the architecture of the lexicon was also discussed in relation to lexicalized and novel compounds.

Working Memory Capacity and Second Language Acquisition

Junkyu Lee(이준규) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2014 한국언어학회 학술대회지 Vol.2014 No.12

The Role of Head Nouns in Real-time Semantic Integration of Second Language Noun-noun Compounds

Junkyu Lee 한국영어학학회 2012 영어학연구 Vol.18 No.3

This study aims to investigate the role of head nouns during real-time interpretations of noun-noun compounds in English. A major debate in the first language (L1) psycholinguistics is which constituent (i.e., either a modifier or a head) plays more significant role in the online interpretation of noun-noun compounds. In the second language (L2) literature, this debate has been understudied. Implementing a priming method and focusing on a case where primes and targets share the second constituent, namely, the head noun, this study examines the facilitations of reaction times of the first and the second language speakers; an exposure to a noun-noun compound (e.g., orange tree) speeds up the interpretation of a subsequent compound (e.g., peach tree) when the two noun-noun compounds have the same thematic relation in comparison to a pair that have different thematic relation. On a computerized lexical sense decision task, L1 and L2 participants judged whether a series of compounds is sensible as quickly and accurately possible. Linear mixed-effect models revealed that the response patterns of the L1 and the L2 group did not differ significantly and both groups responded faster to the targets of the same relation than to those of the different relation. The findings were discussed with respect to the L1 debate on the real-time semantic integration and in terms of L2 compound processing.