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Curcumin-induced Growth Inhibitory Effects on HeLa Cells Altered by Antioxidant Modulators
Jungil Hong 한국식품과학회 2007 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.16 No.6
Curcumin (diferuloyl methane), originated rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. has been suggested as an antiinflammatory and anti-carcinogenic agent. In the present study, modulation of cytotoxic effects of curcumin on HeLa cells by different types of antioxidants was investigated. Cytotoxic effects of curcumin were significantly enhanced in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by decreasing IC<sub>50</sub> to 15.4 from 26.0 μM after 24 hr incubation; the activity was not altered by catalase. The effect of curcumin was significantly less pronounced in the presence of 4 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Low concentration (<1 mM) of NAC, however, increased the efficacy of curcumin. Cysteine and β-mercaptoethanol that have a thiol group, showed the similar biphasic patterns as NAC for modulating curcumin cytotoxicity, which was, however, constantly enhanced by ascorbic acid, a non-thiol antioxidant. In the presence of SOD, ascorbic acid, and 0.5 mM NAC, cellular levels of curcumin were significantly increased by 31-66%, whereas 4 mM NAC decreased the level. The present results indicate that thiol reducing agents showed a biphasic effect in modulating cytotoxicity of curcumin; it is likely that their thiol group is reactive with curcumin especially at high concentrations.
Inhibition of Oral Epithelial Cell Growth in vitro by Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
Jungil Hong,Mi-Ri Kim,Na Hyun Lee,Bo Hyun Lee 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.4
The most abundant tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has been reported to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in many types of cancer cells. In the present study, effects of EGCG on the growth of oral epithelial cells including CAL-27 oral squamous carcinoma cells and dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) were investigated. EGCG inhibited growth of CAL-27 cells and DOK with IC?? of 14.4-21.0 and 5.8-14.2 μM after 24 and 48 hr incubation, respectively. EGCG was significantly less effective in inhibiting DOK growth. The effects of EGCG, however, were dramatically less pronounced in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Inhibitory effects of EGCG on CAL-27 cell growth were also much less pronounced in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). EGCG induced caspase-3 activation in both CAL-27 and DOK cells in a serum free condition without SOD/catalase; in the presence of 10% FBS and SOD/catalase, EGCG, even at 100 μM, did not affect cell growth. The present results indicate that EGCG inhibited oral cell growth with higher potency to more malignant CAL-27 cells than DOK, and the effects were markedly altered by SOD/catalase and serum content in media.
다양한 페놀성 물질과 Folin-Ciocalteu 시약의 반응성에 미치는 영향 요인 평가
홍정일(Jungil Hong),김현정(Hyun Jung Kim),김지윤(Ji Yun Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.40 No.2
본 연구에서는 F-C시약을 이용한 페놀성 물질의 정량방법에서 다양한 종류의 페놀성 성분들의 반응특성 및 반응영향요인들을 분석하였다. 정량방법 중 Na₂CO₃를 선처리는 F-C시약을 먼저 처리하는 방법에 비해 대부분 페놀성 물질들의 발색반응도 감소를 야기하였으며, 특히 -OH 밀도가 높은 galloyl group을 가진 gallic acid 및 EGCG 등의 성분이 두드러진 감소를 나타내었다. F-C시약과 Na₂CO₃를 동시에 처리하는 경우 F-C시약을 선처리 하는 경우에 비해 각 페놀성 물질의 반응성이 약간 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 그 원인은 페놀성 물질들이 산성인 F-C시약에서보다 Na₂CO₃ 용액의 알칼리 환경에서 화학적으로 불안정하기 때문이며, pH 7.4 및 9의 환경에서 페놀성 물질로부터 생성된 산화물들은 F-C시약과의 반응성이 약화됨을 확인하였다. 이 과정중에 같이 형성된 H₂O₂는 F-C와의 반응에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. FeA와 SiA와 같은 monophenol류는 방법의 차이에 따라 큰 반응성의 변화를 나타내지 않았으며, 발색도는 느리지만 꾸준히 증가하는 kinetics 패턴을 보였다. 실제시료에의 적용을 위해 연잎 추출물을 제조하고 각 정량방법에 대한 반응도 차이를 조사한 결과, 역시 Na₂CO₃ 처리환경에서 현저한 발색반응도 저하를 나타내었다. 보다 정확한 페놀성 물질의 정량을 위해 적절한 표준물질의 선택 및 정량방법 등에 대한 표준화가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent has been extensively used for quantifying total phenolic contents in many different types of food materials. Since several different procedures of the assay methods using the F-C reagent have been applied, we investigated changes in reactivity of various phenolic compounds with the F-C reagent under three different assay conditions and factors affecting reactivity. Among 10 standard compounds tested, compounds with high hydroxyl density (number of -OH/molecular weight) showed a largely different response according to addition sequence of the F-C reagent or Na₂CO₃. Preincubation in Na₂CO₃ significantly reduced the reactivity of the phenolic compounds bearing galloyl moiety (e.g. gallic acid, tannic acid, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate) with the F-C reagent, while monophenol compounds including ferulic acid and sinapinic acid were more stable as compared to diphenols. There was little change in response to the F-C reagent of all phenolic compounds incubated in acidic pH; their reactivity except ferulic acid was reduced significantly when incubated in neutral or alkaline pH. Changes in reactivity of gallic acid incubated in Na₂CO₃ or neutral/alkaline pH conditions were the most prominent. H₂O₂ generated from phenolic compounds did not affect the reaction with the F-C reagents. The present results suggest that reactivity of different phenolic compounds with F-C reagent was affected considerably by different procedures of the assay, and the total phenolic contents could be fluctuated according to standard compounds and assay scheme.
Chromatin interacting factor Os VIL 2 increases biomass and rice grain yield
Yang, Jungil,Cho, Lae‐,Hyeon,Yoon, Jinmi,Yoon, Hyeryung,Wai, Antt Htet,Hong, Woo‐,Jong,Han, Muho,Sakakibara, Hitoshi,Liang, Wanqi,Jung, Ki‐,Hong,Jeon, Jong‐,Seong,Koh, Hee John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019 Plant biotechnology journal Vol.17 No.1
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Grain number is an important agronomic trait. We investigated the roles of chromatin interacting factor <I>Oryza sativa </I>VIN3‐LIKE 2 (OsVIL2), which controls plant biomass and yield in rice. Mutations in <I>OsVIL2</I> led to shorter plants and fewer grains whereas its overexpression (OX) enhanced biomass production and grain numbers when compared with the wild type. RNA‐sequencing analyses revealed that 1958 genes were up‐regulated and 2096 genes were down‐regulated in the region of active division within the first internodes of OX plants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that, among the downregulated genes, OsVIL2 was directly associated with chromatins in the promoter region of <I>CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE2</I> (<I>OsCKX2</I>), a gene responsible for cytokinin degradation. Likewise, active cytokinin levels were increased in the OX plants. We conclude that OsVIL2 improves the production of biomass and grain by suppressing <I>OsCKX2</I> chromatin.</P>