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南廷七,朴承範,權相洙,李幸烈 東亞大學校 1987 東亞論叢 Vol.24 No.1
This experiment was conducted in the three areas of the main park in pusan for four times from March to July, 1987, in order to protect forest injury of field mice. The results were obtained as follow; 1. The species of field mice were Apodemus agrarius coreae, Apodemus speciosus peninsulae, Clethrionomys rufocanus regulue and Crocidura suaveolens shantungensis. 2. Total of 42 field mice collected were composed with 52.4% in Apodemus speciosus peninsulae 30.9% in Crocidura suaveolens shantungensis. 11.9% in Apodemus agrarius coreae, and 4.8% in Clethrionomys regulue. 3. The 42 indivisals of field mice were collected from 1,472 traps. 4. The locational proportions of field mice collected were 1.4%,, 3.8% and 3.5% in Stations, Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respecrively. 5. Apodemus speciosus peninsulae and Clethrionomys rufocanus regulue was not collected at the station Ⅰ. 6. The body weight ranged from 22 to 39.9g in Apodemus agrarius coreae, from 12 to 45.9g in Apodemus specious peninsulae, from 22 to 33.9g in Clethrionomys rufocanus regulue, It's average weight was 29.8g in Apodemus coreae and Apodemus Speciosus Peninsulae, and 27.8g in Clethrionomys rufocanus regulue, 7. The ratio of female to male of field mice was 0.6 to 0.4 in Apodemus agrarius coreae, 0.41 to 0.59 in Apodemus speciosus peninsulae, and 0.54 to 0.46 in Clethrionomys rufocanus regulue. 8. The average body length of field mice was 97.8mm in Apodemus agrarius coreae, 97.14mm in Apodemus speciosus peninsulae, and 101.5mm in Clethrionomys rufocanus regulue. 9. The average tail length of field mice was 78.2mm in Apodemus agrarius coreae, 95.23mm in Apodemus speciosus peninsulae, 35.0mm in Clethrionomys rufocanus regulue. 10. The average ear length of field mice was 14.3mm in Apodemus agrarius coreae, 15.77mm in Apodemus speciosus peninsulae, 14.0mm in Clethrionomys rufocanus regulue. 11. The breeding period of field mice was between March and July in pusan area. 12. average fetal number of field mice was 3.0 in Apodemus agrarius coreae, 4.8 in Apodemus speciosus peninsulae, and 4.5 in Crocidura suaveolens shantungensis.
Photoluminescence and Photocurrents of GaS<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Se<sub><i>x</i></sub> Nanobelts
Jung, Chan Su,Park, Kidong,Shojaei, Fazel,Oh, Jin Young,Im, Hyung Soon,Lee, Jung Ah,Jang, Dong Myung,Park, Jeunghee,Myoung, NoSung,Lee, Chang-Lyoul,Lee, Jong Woon,Song, Jae Kyu,Kang, Hong Seok American Chemical Society 2016 Chemistry of materials Vol.28 No.16
<P>Two-dimensional layered structures have recently drawn worldwide attention because of their intriguing optical and electrical properties. GaS and GaSe are attractive layered materials owing to their wide band gap. Herein, we synthesized GaS1-xSex belt-type multilayers (nanobelts) with uniform morphology ([2110] hexagonal-phase long axis) by a chemical vapor transport method, and investigate their composition-dependent optical and optoelectronic properties. The GaS1-xSex exhibited strong visible-range photoluminescence at 490-620 nm (2.0-2.5 eV), with a unique composition dependence: longer decay time for the S-rich compositions (x <= 0.5). Photocurrent measurements were performed on individual nanobelts by fabricating photodetector devices; higher photocurrents were found for x <= 0.5. First-principles calculations predicted that oxygen chemisorption can cause the direct and indirect band gaps of GaS to converge, similar to the band structures of GaSe, and thus enhance the optical properties. On the basis of the band alignment (predicted by calculation) for the Schottky barriers in the metal-semiconductor metal photodetector, we proposed the origin of the higher photocurrent for GaS than for GaSe.</P>
Highly Efficient Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes Using Graphene Oxide as a Hole Transport Layer
Lee, Bo Ram,Kim, Jung-woo,Kang, Dongwoo,Lee, Dong Wook,Ko, Seo-Jin,Lee, Hyun Jung,Lee, Chang-Lyoul,Kim, Jin Young,Shin, Hyeon Suk,Song, Myoung Hoon American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.4
<P>We present an investigation of polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) with a solution-processable graphene oxide (GO) interlayer. The GO layer with a wide band gap blocks electron transport from an emissive polymer to an ITO anode while reducing the exciton quenching between the GO and the active layer in place of poly(styrenesulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS). This GO interlayer maximizes hole–electron recombinations within the emissive layer, finally enhancing device performance and efficiency levels in PLEDs. It was found that the thickness of the GO layer is an important factor in device performance. PLEDs with a 4.3 nm thick GO interlayer are superior to both those with PEDOT:PSS layers as well as those with rGO, showing maximum luminance of 39 000 Cd/m<SUP>2</SUP>, maximum luminous efficiencies of 19.1 Cd/A (at 6.8 V), and maximum power efficiency as high as 11.0 lm/W (at 4.4 V). This indicates that PLEDs with a GO layer show a 220% increase in their luminous efficiency and 280% increase in their power conversion efficiency compared to PLEDs with PEDOT:PSS.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2012/ancac3.2012.6.issue-4/nn300280q/production/images/medium/nn-2012-00280q_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn300280q'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Yoon-Jung Shin,Dong-Yun Lee,Joo Yun Kim,Keon Heo,Jae-Jung Shim,Jung-Lyoul Lee,Dong-Hyun Kim The Korean Society of Ginseng 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.2
Background: Red ginseng (RG) alleviates psychiatric disorders. Fermented red ginseng (fRG) alleviates stress-induced gut inflammation. Gut dysbiosis causes psychiatric disorders with gut inflammation. To understand the gut microbiota-mediated action mechanism of RG and fRG against anxiety/depression (AD), we investigated the effects of RG, fRG, ginsenoside Rd, and 20(S)-β-D-glucopyranosyl protopanaxadiol (CK) on gut microbiota dysbiosis-induced AD and colitis in mice. Methods: Mice with AD and colitis were prepared by exposing to immobilization stress (IS) or transplanting the feces of patients with ulcerative colitis and depression (UCDF). AD-like behaviors were measured in the elevated plus maze, light/dark transition, forced swimming, and tail suspension tests. Results: Oral gavage of UCDF increased AD-like behaviors and induced neuroinflammation, gastrointestinal inflammation, and gut microbiota fluctuation in mice. Oral administration of fRG or RG treatment reduced UCDF-induced AD-like behaviors, hippocampal and hypothalamic IL-6 expression, and blood corticosterone level, whereas UCDF-suppressed hippocampal BDNF<sup>+</sup>NeuN<sup>+</sup> cell population and dopamine and hypothalamic serotonin levels increased. Furthermore, their treatments suppressed UCDF-induced colonic inflammation and partially restored UCDF-induced gut microbiota fluctuation. Oral administration of fRG, RG, Rd, or CK also decreased IS-induced AD-like behaviors, blood IL-6 and corticosterone and colonic IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and gut dysbiosis, while IS-suppressed hypothalamic dopamine and serotonin levels increased. Conclusion: Oral gavage of UCDF caused AD, neuroinflammation, and gastrointestinal inflammation in mice. fRG mitigated AD and colitis in UCDF-exposed mice by the regulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and IS-exposed mice by the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
BALB/c 마우스에서 발효 홍삼 Ginsenoside의 생체이용율과 항염효과
이은규(Eun Kyu Lee),배주현(Chu Hyun Bae),김유진(Yu Jin Kim),박수동(Soo-Dong Park),심재중(Jae-Jung Shim),유영법(Youngbob Yu),이정열(Jung-Lyoul Lee) 한국자원식물학회 2021 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.34 No.5
The fermented red ginseng by microorganism is known to increase pharmacological activity in vivo. To evaluate the bioavailablity of red ginseng fermented by probiotics, we conducted the pharmacokinetic study of ginsenoside Rb1, Rd and total ginsenosides (TG, ginsenosides Rb1 + Rd + Rg1 + F2 + Rg3 + compound K) in BALB/C mice. The AUC value of ginsenoside Rb1 in mice serum administered with 600㎎/㎏ drugs showed 21.93 ± 14.68 ng·h/mL (RGw, water extract), 275.211 ± 110.04 ng·h/mL (RGe, 50% ethanol extract) and 404.91 ± 162.57 ng·h/mL (fRGe, fermented red ginseng extract). Analysis of ginsenoside Rd also showed a higher ACU value in fRGe than in RGw or RGe. And the AUC value of total ginsenosides in mice serum treated with 600 ㎎/㎏ were observed 42.12 ± 23.44 ng·h/mL (RGw), 321.44 ± 133.5 ng·h/mL (RGe) and 537.33 ± 229.01 ng·h/mL (fRGe), respectively. Cmax value of ginsenoside Rb1 in mice administered with 600㎎/㎏ were observed 3.67 ± 3.34 ng/mL (RGw), 23.27 ± 8.81 ng/mL (RGe) and 25.52 ± 7.29 ng/mL (fRGe). These results can be considered that the fermented red ginseng has more bioavailability than that of unfermented red ginseng. In quantitative analysis of the inflammation-related cytokines IL-1β and TNF, no significant difference was found between the fermented red ginseng (fRGe) and the red ginseng (RGe).
Azmi, Randi,Lee, Chang-Lyoul,Jung, In Hwan,Jang, Sung-Yeon Wiley-VCH 2018 ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS Vol.8 No.14
<P>In most current state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs), high-temperature (approximate to 500 degrees C)-sintered metal oxides are employed as electron-transporting layers (ETLs). To lower the device processing temperature, the development of low-temperature-processable ETL materials (such as solution-processed ZnO) has received growing attention. However, thus far, the use of solutionprocessed ZnO is limited because the reverse decomposition reaction that occurs at ZnO/perovskite interfaces significantly degrades the charge collection and stability of PSCs. In this work, the reverse decomposition reaction is successfully retarded by sulfur passivation of solution-processed ZnO. The sulfur passivation of ZnO by a simple chemical means, efficiently reduces the oxygen-deficient defects and surface oxygen-containing groups, thus effectively preventing reverse decomposition reactions during and after formation of the perovskite active layers. Using the low-temperature-processed sulfurpassivated ZnO (ZnO-S), perovskite layers with higher crystallinity and larger grain size are obtained, while the charge extraction at the ZnO/perovskite interface is significantly improved. As a result, the ZnO-S-based PSCs achieve substantially improved power-conversion-efficiency (PCE) (19.65%) and long-term air-storage stability (90% retention after 40 d) compared with pristine ZnO-based PSCs (16.51% and 1% retention after 40 d). Notably, the PCE achieved is the highest recorded (19.65%) for low-temperature ZnObased PSCs.</P>
GaP–ZnS Pseudobinary Alloy Nanowires
Park, Kidong,Lee, Jung Ah,Im, Hyung Soon,Jung, Chan Su,Kim, Han Sung,Park, Jeunghee,Lee, Chang-Lyoul American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.10
<P>Multicomponent nanowires (NWs) are of great interest for integrated nanoscale optoelectronic devices owing to their widely tunable band gaps. In this study, we synthesize a series of (GaP)(1x)(ZnS)(x) (0 = x = 1) pseudobinary alloy NWs using the vapor transport method. Compositional tuning results in the phase evolution from the zinc blende (ZB) (x < 0.4) to the wurtzite (WZ) phase (x > 0.7). A coexistence of ZB and WZ phases (x = 0.40.7) is also observed. In the intermediate phase coexistence range, a coreshell structure is produced with a composition of x = 0.4 and 0.7 for the core and shell, respectively. The band gap (2.43.7 eV) increases nonlinearly with increasing x, showing a significant bowing phenomenon. The phase evolution leads to enhanced photoluminescence emission. Strikingly, the photoluminescence spectrum shows a blue-shift (70 meV for x = 0.9) with increasing excitation power, and a wavelength-dependent decay time. Based on the photoluminescence data, we propose a type-II pseudobinary heterojunction band structure for the single-crystalline WZ phase ZnS-rich NWs. The slight incorporation of GaP into the ZnS induces a higher photocurrent and excellent photocurrent stability, which opens up a new strategy for enhancing the performance of photodetectors.</P>