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Kang, H.M.,Lee, E.K.,Song, B.M.,Heo, G.B.,Jung, J.,Jang, I.,Bae, Y.C.,Jung, S.C.,Lee, Y.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2017 Veterinary microbiology Vol.198 No.-
<P>A highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus was first detected in poultry and wild birds in South Korea in January 2014. Here, we determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three different clades of 1-15 viruses in mandarin ducks to examine the potential for wild bird infection. H5N8 (Glade 2.3.4.4) replicated more efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of mandarin ducks than two previously identified H5N1 virus clades (clades 2.2 and 2.3.2.1). However, none of the mandarin ducks infected with H5N8 and H5N1 viruses showed severe clinical signs or mortality, and gross lesions were only observed in a few tissues. Viral replication and shedding were greater in H5N8-infected ducks than in H5N1-infected ducks. Recovery of all viruses from control duck in contact with infected ducks indicated that the highly pathogenic H5 viruses spread horizontally through contact. Taken together, these results suggest that H5N8 viruses spread efficiently in mandarin ducks. Further studies of pathogenicity in wild birds are required to examine possible long-distance dissemination via migration routes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
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Yoo, J,Lee, S,Jung, Y,Lee, J,Youm, D,Ha, H,Kim, H,Ko, R-K,Oh, S Institute of Physics 2008 Journal of physics. Conference series Vol.97 No.1
<P>We measured the field profiles, <I>H</I>(<I>x,H</I><SUB>a</SUB>) s, near the surface of coated conductors (CCs) by using the scanning Hall probe method. The samples were SmBCO-CC tape fabricated by co-evaporation method and YBCO-CC tape fabricated by PLD method. The applied fields, <I>H</I><SUB>a</SUB>s, were decreased from <I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB>to -<I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB> stepwise. From the values of <I>H</I>(<I>x,H</I><SUB>a</SUB>), we calculated the current profiles, <I>J</I>(<I>x,H</I><SUB>a</SUB>) s, by the inversion method. From the values of <I>J</I>(<I>x,H</I><SUB>a</SUB>) and the corresponding flux densities, we calculated the hysteretic energy losses per cycle, <I>Q</I><SUB>M</SUB>s, for various <I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB>s. From the values of <I>Q</I><SUB>M</SUB>, we calculated the characteristic functions, <I>g</I>s, by using the relation, <I>g</I>= π<I>Q</I><SUB>M</SUB>/μ<SUB>0</SUB><I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP><SUB>c</SUB>. Here, <I>I</I><SUB>c</SUB> is the critical current. For the range of <I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB>/<I>H</I><SUB>c</SUB>≤ 3, the <I>g</I>-values of SmBCO CC tape were larger than those of YBCO CC tape. However, for the range of <I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB>/<I>H</I><SUB>c</SUB> ≥ 3, the <I>g</I>-values of SmBCO CC tape were smaller than those of YBCO CC tape. When <I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB>/<I>H</I><SUB>c</SUB> = 3, both sample show almost same value of <I>g.</I>However we found qualitatively different <I>J–B</I> hysteretic curves for both samples. We also compared our <I>g</I>-values with other <I>g</I>-values, which were directly measured by energy loss experiments. Our <I>g</I>-values of YBCO CC tapes were basically similar to the Brandt's theoretical values of <I>g</I> in the most range of <I>I</I><SUB>peak</SUB> in our measurements.</P>
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Jung, K.W.,Kim, D.H.,Kim, H.W.,Shin, H.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.36 No.16
In the present work, a combined (acid + thermal) pretreatment was applied for the enhanced fermentative H<SUB>2</SUB> production (FHP) from Laminaria japonica. Various pretreatment conditions including HCl concentrations, heating temperatures, and reaction times were optimized via response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design (BBD). Through regression analysis, it was found that H<SUB>2</SUB> yield was well fitted by a quadratic polynomial equation (R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.97), and the HCl concentration was the most significant factor influencing FHP. The desirable pretreatment conditions found were HCl concentration of 4.8%, temperature of 93 <SUP>o</SUP>C, and reaction time of 23 min, under which H<SUB>2</SUB> yield reached to 159.6 mL H<SUB>2</SUB>/g dry cell weight (dcw). The main organic acids produced were acetic and butyric acids that related closely with H<SUB>2</SUB> production. The concentration of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a byproduct formed during the pretreatment process, showed an inverse relationship with H<SUB>2</SUB> yield, indicating that pretreatment conditions for the H<SUB>2</SUB> production from L. japonica were successfully optimized, by increasing the hydrolysis rate of the feedstock and also reducing the formation of HMF.
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Kim, B.S.,Jeong, C.S.,Kim, J.M.,Park, S.B.,Park, S.H.,Jeon, J.K.,Jung, S.C.,Kim, S.C.,Park, Y.K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.265 No.-
<P>H-V-MCM-41 catalysts containing 5, 10, and 30 wt% of vanadium were synthesized and applied to the ex situ catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of three polymeric components of lignocellulosic biomass for the first time. Characterization of the catalysts was performed using N-2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, FT-IR, and NH3-TPD. The results of XRD analysis showed that 5 wt% and 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 catalysts maintained the mesoporous structure, whereas the mesoporous structure was destroyed in 30 wt% H-V-MCM-41 with considerable amount of small V2O5 crystalline outside the framework. NH3-TPD showed that H-V-MCM-41 has mostly weak acid sites and that 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 had the largest quantity of acid sites due to framework vanadium. In the case of CP of cellulose using Py-GC/MS, 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 showed the highest catalytic activity for the production of valuable furanic compounds such as furfural because of the enhanced deoxygenation over the acid sites formed on framework vanadium. In the case of CP of xylan as well, 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 led to the largest yield of mono-aromatics. The production of acetic acid was also promoted by H-V-MCM-41 catalysts. The CP of lignin over H-V-MCM-41 catalysts promoted substantially the production of important feedstock chemicals for the petrochemical industry: phenolics and mono-aromatics. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
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Jung, Hye Y.,Kang, Hee E.,Choi, Young H.,Kim, So H.,Lee, Myung G. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION Vol.30 No.8
<P>It has been reported that chlorzoxazone (CZX) was primarily metabolized via hepatic Cyp2e1 to form 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (OH-CZX) in rats, and the activity of aniline hydroxylase (a Cyp2e1 marker) in the liver was significantly decreased in rats at 24 h after pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae (24 h KPLPS rats), whereas the levels were not changed at 2 h and 96 h in the KPLPS rats. Thus, the time-dependent pharmacokinetic parameters of CZX and OH-CZX were evaluated after the intravenous administration of CZX (20 mg/kg) to control rats, and the 2 h, 24 h and 96 h KPLPS rats along with the time-dependent changes in the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1. After the intravenous administration of CZX to 24 h KPLPS rats, the AUC<SUB>0–2 h</SUB> of OH-CZX and AUC<SUB>OH-CZX, 0–2 h</SUB>/AUC<SUB>CZX</SUB> were significantly smaller (by 40.5% and 71.2%, respectively) than those of controls due to the significant decrease (by 75.3%) in the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1. However, in 96 h KPLPS rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters of both CZX and OH-CZX were unchanged compared with controls due to the restoration of the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1 to control levels. These observations highlighted the existence of the time-dependent effects of KPLPS on the pharmacokinetics of CZX and OH-CZX in rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
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Shin, J.,Jung, Y.H.,Cho, D.H.,Park, M.,Lee, K.E.,Yang, Y.,Jeong, C.,Sung, B.H.,Sohn, J.H.,Park, J.B.,Kweon, D.H. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2015 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.79 No.-
Caveolae are membrane-budding structures that exist in many vertebrate cells. One of the important functions of caveolae is to form membrane curvature and endocytic vesicles. Recently, it was shown that caveolae-like structures were formed in Escherichia coli through the expression of caveolin-1. This interesting structure seems to be versatile for a variety of biotechnological applications. Targeting of heterologous proteins in the caveolae-like structure should be the first question to be addressed for this purpose. Here we show that membrane proteins co-expressed with caveolin-1 are embedded into the heterologous caveolae (h-caveolae), the cavaolae-like structures formed inside the cell. Two transmembrane SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins, Syntaxin 1a and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), were displayed on the h-caveolae surface. The size of the h-caveolae harboring the transmembrane proteins was ~100nm in diameter. The proteins were functional and faced outward on the h-caveolae. Multi-spanning transmembrane proteins FtsH and FeoB could be included in the h-caveolae, too. Furthermore, the recombinant E. coli cells were shown to endocytose substrate supplemented in the medium. These results provide a basis for exploiting the h-caveolae formed inside E. coli cells for future biotechnological applications.
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Park, J.E.,Koo, K.Y.,Jung, U.H.,Lee, J.H.,Roh, H.S.,Yoon, W.L. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.40 No.40
Highly sinter-stable 10 wt% Ni-xLa/MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (x = 0-5 wt%) catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation for the combined steam and CO<SUB>2</SUB> reforming (CSCR) of coke oven gas (COG). The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were analyzed by BET, XRD, H<SUB>2</SUB> chemisorption, and H<SUB>2</SUB>-TPR. To compare the sinterstabilities, aging treatment was performed at 900 <SUP>o</SUP>C under H<SUB>2</SUB>:H<SUB>2</SUB>O:N<SUB>2</SUB> = 1:10:1.25 for 50 h. Although the Ni dispersions decrease and Ni crystallite sizes increase for all of catalysts after the aging treatment, the La-promoted catalysts had higher Ni dispersion and smaller crystallite sizes than the Ni/MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> catalyst owing to the enhancement of strong metal-support interactions. The catalytic test was carried out under CH<SUB>4</SUB>:H<SUB>2</SUB>O:CO<SUB>2</SUB>:H<SUB>2</SUB>:CO:N<SUB>2</SUB> = 1:1.2:0.4:2:0.3:0.3 at 900 <SUP>o</SUP>C and 5 atm for 40 h. The Ni-2.5La/MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (aged) catalyst exhibited the highest activity and sinterstability owing to its high surface area and Ni dispersion. It was also confirmed that La promotion prevents the agglomeration of Ni particles through TEM.
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Shin, C. M.,Kim, N.,Chang, H.,Kim, J. S.,Lee, D. H.,Jung, H. C. Plenum Pub. Corp 2016 Digestive diseases and sciences Vol.61 No.4
<P>Changes in CDX1/CDX2 in gastric mucosae following Helicobacter pylori eradication have not been clarified yet. To evaluate the changes in CDX1/CDX2 expression after H. pylori eradication, in relation to the reversibility of intestinal metaplasia (IM). Time course of CDX1/CDX2 expressions was investigated in 176 subjects with various gastroduodenal disorders. Among them, 132 patients were H. pylori positives; H. pylori were eradicated in 107 of them; 13 failed to eradicate; and 12 did not receive H. pylori eradication therapy. Forty-four subjects were H. pylori negatives. Expression levels in CDX1 and CDX2 from noncancerous gastric mucosae of the corpus, as well as the histologic findings of gastric mucosae, were evaluated during the follow-up. Average follow-up duration was 33.7 months (range 2-97 months). Expression levels in both CDX1 and CDX2 mRNAs were correlated with IM grade in the corpus (rho = 0.633 and 0.554, respectively, all P < 0.001). Changes in CDX1/CDX2 mRNA expressions following H. pylori eradication showed only insignificant results; IM grade at the antrum and corpus showed a tendency to decrease after H. pylori eradication without statistical significance (P > 0.05). However, histologic improvement of IM at the corpus was associated with a decrease in CDX2 mRNA expression during the follow-up (linear mixed model, P for slope = 0.015). In this study, eradication of H. pylori did not show any beneficial effects on aberrant CDX1/CDX2 expressions or IM. Reversibility of IM may be associated with a decrease in CDX2 mRNA expression.</P>
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Kim, S.J.,Geballe, T.R.,Kim, J.H.,Jung, A.,Seo, H.J.,Minh, Y.C. Academic Press 2010 Icarus Vol.208 No.2
We present latitudinally-resolved high-resolution (R=37,000) pole-to-pole spectra of Jupiter in various narrow longitudinal ranges, in spectral intervals covering roughly half of the spectral range 2.86-3.53μm. We have analyzed the data with the aid of synthetic spectra generated from a model jovian atmosphere that included lines of CH<SUB>4</SUB>, CH<SUB>3</SUB>D, NH<SUB>3</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>, PH<SUB>3</SUB>, and HCN, as well as clouds and haze. Numerous spectral features of many of these molecular species are present and are individually identified for the first time, as are many lines of H<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> and a few unidentified spectral features. In both polar regions the 2.86-3.10-μm continuum is more than 10 times weaker than in spectra at lower latitudes, implying that in this wavelength range the single-scattering albedos of polar haze particles are very low. In contrast, the 3.24-3.53μm the weak polar and equatorial continua are of comparable intensity. We derive vertical distributions of NH<SUB>3</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>, and find that the mixing ratios of NH<SUB>3</SUB> and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB> show little variation between equatorial and polar regions. However, the mixing ratios of C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> in the northern and southern polar regions are ∼6 and ∼3 times, respectively, less than those in the equatorial regions. The derived mixing ratio curves of C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB> extend up to the 10<SUP>-6</SUP> bar level, a significantly higher altitude than most previous results in the literature. Further ground-based observations covering other longitudes are needed to test if these mixing ratios are representative values for the equatorial and polar regions.
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