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EDUCATION, HEALTH AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES
JUDE EGGOH,HILAIRE HOUENINVO,GILLES-ARMAND SOSSOU 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Development Vol.40 No.1
This paper provides new empirical evidence concerning the relationship between human capital (measured by education and health related variables) and economic growth for a large sample of 49 African countries over the period from 1996 to 2010. Using traditional cross-section and dynamic panel techniques, we find that public expenditures on education and health have a negative impact on economic growth, whereas human capital stock indicators have a slight positive effect. Furthermore, our empirical investigations suggest that education and health spending are complementary. Then, public investment in education and health should be jointly increased and their efficiency in order to expect positive impact of human capital on growth in African countries.
( Jude Lal Fernando ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2015 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.3 No.2
This article examines the impact of a natural disaster on the political dynamics of an ethno-nationalist conflict. The humanitarian space generated by the 2004 tsunami could have revived the peace process between the Sri Lankan state and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), as evidenced by the joint mechanism that was formed for rehabilitation and reconstruction. However, the impact of the tsunami carried a potential for both peacebuilding and escalation of the conflict. The growing securitization of South Asia, led by the United States, upheld a militaristic approach and strengthened the Sri Lankan state against the LTTE. The militaristic approach to the decades-long conflict was advanced and eventually resulted in a massive war which claimed thousands of lives. The tsunami was a missed political opportunity.
( Jude Lal Fernando ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2017 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.5 No.1
Post-war reconstruction in Sri Lanka, which is aided by many countries, is aimed at consolidating the unitary state structure as part of a geo-strategic security complex in the Indian Ocean Region. In this process, discourses of democratization and human rights have been reconfigured to contain or totally remove any threat to the unitary state emerging from the Tamils in the North and East whose claim to self-determination is seen as a major challenge to the geo-strategic complex in South Asia. In such a context, the bio-politics of the development-security nexus and neo-liberal governmentality operates by strengthening the hegemony of the Sinhala state against the Tamils and weakening or destroying the essential foundations of Tamil nationhood. Without recognizing these local and global dynamics every peacebuilding attempt will fail.
Inflation Effects on Finance-Growth Link: A Panel Smooth Threshold Approach
Jude Eggoh 한국국제경제학회 2012 International Economic Journal Vol.26 No.4
This paper proposes an original framework to examine whether the strength of the relationship between financial development and economic growth, widely documented in the recent empirical literature, varies with the inflation rate. Using a Panel Smooth Threshold Regression for 71 developed and developing countries over the period 1960–2004, we find a non-linear link between financial development and economic growth: three equilibriums are identified with inflation rate. Then, there is an inflation threshold, for which finance ceases to increase economic growth. Our results suggest that for an inflation rate higher than 20%, economic growth is not, or is negatively, affected by financial development, whereas the impact of finance on growth is positive and significant for an inflation level below 10%.
Business Cycles in the Maghreb: Does Trade Matter?
( Jude Eggoh ),( Aram Belhadj ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.30 No.3
In this paper, we test the Frankel & Rose hypothesis of Optimum Currency Area for the Maghreb countries by demonstrating how the co-movements of outputs would respond to a trade integration process. In particular, by using panel analysis over the period 1980~2010, we evaluate if a monetary integration project across these countries is endogenous. Our main result suggests that while trade intensity may help to harmonize business cycles, the magnitude of this harmonization is lower for the Maghreb countries than for industrial countries. This result is robust even when we take into consideration many control variables including intra-industry trade, economic diversification, and financial integration. Therefore, we suggest that an acceleration of trade linkage as well as product diversification should take place prior to any move towards monetary union across the Maghreb countries.
Antiplasmodial and Antidiabetic Activities of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Heinsia crinata
Jude E. Okokon,Emem E. Umoh,Emmanuel I. Etim,Clement L. Jackson 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.1
The ethanolic leaf extract of Heinsia crinata, grown particularly for the leaf in Niger Delta region of Nigeria, was evaluated for antiplasmodial activity in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice as well as for hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. H. crinata (450–1,350 mg/kg/day) exhibited significant (P < .05) blood schizonticidal activity in both the 4-day early infection test and established infection with a considerable mean survival time, though not comparable to that of the standard drug, chloroquine (5 mg/kg/day). Treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats with the leaf extract caused a significant (P < .01) reduction in fasting blood glucose levels of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats both in an acute study and with prolonged treatment (2 weeks). The activity of the extract was comparable to that of the reference drug, glibenclamide, during the acute study but was not comparable to that of the standard drug during prolonged treatment. The results suggest that the leaf extract of H. crinata possesses significant (P < .05) antiplasmodial as well as hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects that can be employed in health care.
Jude Ogechukwu Okoye,Chukwudi Amaechi Ofodile,Oluwaseun Kelechi Adeleke,Okechi Obioma 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-
OBJECTIVES: This review assessed the rate of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women living in sub-Saharan Africa. It also determined the prevalence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive (HIV+) and seronegative (HIV-) women in sub-Saharan Africa, pre-2010 and post-2010. METHODS: In this systematic review, Google Scholar, PubMed Central, and Embase were searched to identify cohort and case-control studies that investigated the relationship between HIV and HPV infection. The database searches yielded 17 studies published between 1999 and 2018. RESULTS: In the general population, the prevalence of any HPV/multiple HPV infections was higher among HIV+ (53.6/22.6%) than among HIV- women (26.5/7.3%) with odds ratios of 3.22 and 3.71, respectively (95% confidence interval, 3.00 to 3.42 and 2.39 to 5.75, p<0.001). The prevalent HPV genotypes among HIV+ and HIV- women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) were HPV-16/18 and HPV-45. The prevalence of HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-45 was lower in 1999-2010 (3.8, 1.7, and 0.8%, respectively) than in 2011-2018 (19.1, 6.0, and 3.6%, respectively). Among women diagnosed with ICC, HIV+ women had a higher prevalence of HPV-56, HPV-31, and HPV-51 (7.3, 5.3, and 3.3%, respectively) than HIV- women (1.3, 2.2, and 0.4%, p<0.001, p=0.050, and p=0.013, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HPV infection, multiple HPV infections, and non-vaccine HPV types were higher among HIV+ women than among HIV- women in sub-Saharan Africa. Although HIV infection influences the distribution of HPV types, this study suggests that cervical cancer incidence in sub-Saharan Africa is primarily driven by the prevalence of vaccine hrHPVs, especially HPV-16 and HPV-18.
Jude Lal Fernando 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2015 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.3 No.2
This article examines the impact of a natural disaster on the political dynamics of an ethno-nationalist conflict. The humanitarian space generated by the 2004 tsunami could have revived the peace process between the Sri Lankan state and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), as evidenced by the joint mechanism that was formed for rehabilitation and reconstruction. However, the impact of the tsunami carried a potential for both peacebuilding and escalation of the conflict. The growing securitization of South Asia, led by the United States, upheld a militaristic approach and strengthened the Sri Lankan state against the LTTE. The militaristic approach to the decades-long conflict was advanced and eventually resulted in a massive war which claimed thousands of lives. The tsunami was a missed political opportunity.