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International Trade in Cyberspace : How to Tax Digital Goods
Stehn, Ju¨rgen 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2003 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.18 No.2
The paper discusses various possible approaches to turnover taxation in cyberspace. It shows that the main challenge of the new economy is tho effectively cope with B2C international trade in digital online goods and services. However, most approaches to turnover taxation discussed in the literature gice rise to several surveillance, efficiency, incentive, and identification problems. As a consequence, there seem to be only two approproate approaches to deal with the special characteristics of intermnational trade in cyberspace, the country-of-origin principle combined with a taxation of digial goods and strvices at the physical location of producers, and the community principle in combination with a withholding tax (WITHVAT).
The Heckscher-Ohlin Model with Endogenous Sector-Specific Capital
Meckl, Ju¨rgen 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1994 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.9 No.3
This paper considers the long-run properties of a dynamic specific-factors model with endogenous capital stocks providing a dynamic foundation for the Heckscher-Ohlin model. The long-run equilibrium is fully determined by a static Heckscher-Ohlin model in primary factors although capital rentals may not be equal between sectors. All theorems of the static model carry over to the present model's steady state as long as countries diversify. Primary-factor endowments determine long-run comparative advantage and long-run capital stocks. Capital endowments are completely irrelevant for the determination of the long-run trade pattern.
THE ASEANIZATION OF REGIONAL ORDER IN EAST ASIA : A FAILED ENDEAVOR?
Haacke, Ju¨rgen The Institute for Far Eastern Studies Kyungnam Uni 1998 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.22 No.3
The article explores the extent to which the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has succeeded in winning assent for its proposed principles and norms for interstate conduct, and recognition as an equal pole in an emerging regional order. The basic argument is that notwithstanding substantial evidence of ASEAN's central role in key regional institutions and parallels between the ASEAN experience and those of other multilateral regional organizations, one cannot assume the ASEANization of East Asia's regional order to be entrenched or irreversible. To demonstrate this, the article examines the challenges to the ASEANization of regional order in the security realm as posed by the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States. Beijing has largely responded positively to ASEAN's policy of engagement as regards confidence-building measures, but has been ambiguous about the extent to which it adheres to ASEAN's normative framework in the pursuit of Chinese policy objectives in the South China sea. By contrast, Washington squarely challenges the ASEAN framework. Concerning ASEAN's struggle for recognition, neither China nor the United States appears prepared to accept ASEAN's centrality or even equality in other than formal terms in the future regional security architecture, since such status runs counter to the two powers' own identity claims and security interests.
Real Hypersurfaces in Complex Two-Plane Grassmannians
Berndt, Ju¨rgen,Suh, Young Jin 경북대학교 위상수학 기하학연구센터 1999 硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-
The complex two-plane Grassmannian G_2(C^m+2) is equipped with both a Ka¨hler and a quaternionic Ka¨hler structure. By applying these two structures to the normal bundle of a real hypersurface M in G_2(C^(m+2)) one gets a one- and a three-dimensional distribution on M. We classify all real hypersurfaces M in G_2(C^(m+2)), m≥3, for which these two distributions are invariant under the shape operator of M.