Condom Use and Prevalence of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Among the Korean Female Sex Workers

Joongyub Lee,Sun-Young Jung,Dong Seok Kwon,Minsoo Jung,Byung-Joo Park 한국역학회 2010 Epidemiology and Health Vol.32 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Since 2004, availability of resources for preventing sexually transmitted diseases in Korean female sex workers (FSWs) has decreased because of strict application of a law against prostitution. This study is to evaluate the condom use and prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among FSWs in Korea. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of FSWs from 15 major sex work sites in Korea from June to November 2008, using convenience sampling. Self-administered questionnaires and urine samples were collected after all participants’ written informed consent. Urine samples were analyzed with PCR at a single central laboratory. RESULTS: Among 1,086 FSWs who consented to study participation, data from 999 FSWs were appropriate for analysis. C. trachomatis prevalence was 12.8% (95% CI: 10.7-14.9%). Younger age increased risk for C. trachmatis. Whereas majority of FSWs (71.0%) answered high self confidence in condom negotiation, the proportion of FSWs who always used condoms last month was only 23.7%. However, practicing regular condom use showed significant protection against chlamydia infection, not self confidence in condom negotiation. CONCLUSION: In Korea, FSWs were not practicing enough self-protection at work with a high prevalence of C. trachomatis. Education for constant practice of protection against sexually transmitted diseases is needed, especially for younger FSWs.

Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Intravenous Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Korea: A Multi-Institutional Study in 101487 Patients

Joongyub Lee,조정연,이학종,정용연,김찬교,박병관,성득제,강병철,정성일,이은주,이범하,박성진,김종철,정대철,성창규,김용수,이영래,김선호,윤성국,박병주,김승협,Korean Society of Urogenital Radiology,Korean Society of Radiology 대한영상의학회 2014 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.15 No.4

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of known risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and their association with the actual occurrence of CIN in patients undergoing intravenous contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in Korea. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent CECT in 2008 were identified in the electronic medical records of 16 tertiary hospitals of Korea. Data on demographics, comorbidities, prescriptions and laboratory test results of patients were collected following a standard data extraction protocol. The baseline renal function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We identified the prevalence of risk factors along the eGFR strata and evaluated their influence on the incidence of CIN, defined as a 0.5 mg/dL or 25% increase in serum creatinine after CECT. Results: Of 432425 CECT examinations in 272136 patients, 140838 examinations in 101487 patients met the eligibility criteria for analysis. The mean age of the participants was 57.9 ± 15.5 years; 25.1% of the patients were older than 70 years. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 11.9%, of hypertension 13.7%, of gout 0.55% and of heart failure was 1.7%. Preventive measures were used in 40238 CECT examinations (28.6%). The prevalence of risk factors and use of preventive measures increased as the renal function became worse. A CIN was occurred after 3103 (2.2%) CECT examinations, revealing a significant association with decreased eGFR, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure after adjustment. Conclusion: Risk factors for CIN are prevalent among the patients undergoing CECT. Preventive measures were seemingly underutilized and a system is needed to improve preventive care.

An Epidemiological Assessment of the Risk of Motor Vehicle Collisions Associated with Benzodiazepine Use in South Korea

Joongyub Lee(이중엽) 대한교통학회 2017 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.77 No.-

Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) represent a major public health problem that has been associated with the use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) in several studies from Europe, North America, and Australia. Further epidemiological assessment is necessary to establish a similar association in South Korea which has one of the highest rates of fatal MVCs and BZD prescriptions. The present epidemiological study aims to assess the risk of fatal MVCs with BZD exposure among at-fault drivers using a population-specific approach in South Korea. The Korean Traffic Accident Analysis System database (2010-2014) will be linked to the National Health Insurance database (2002-2014) to construct a retrospective cohort comprised of individuals who experienced fatal MVCs. We found higher utilization of BZD among drivers with fatal MVC, and higher ORs for BZD utilization prior to fatal MVCs.

문화산업 발전을 위한 육성방안 연구

이중엽(Lee, Joongyub) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2007 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.7 No.1

문화산업은 고부가가치 산업으로 불리는 발전 가능성이 높은 분야이다. 만화, 애니메이션, 게임, 영화, 방송, 인터넷-모바일 콘텐츠 등이 발전하고 있는 추세로 볼 때 향후 얼마나 거대한 시장으로 확대, 재편될 것인지 충분히 짐작할 수 있다. 고급 인력과 아이디어로 승부가 가능하기 때문에 자연자원이 없는 반면 풍부한 인적자원을 가진 우리나라에 적합하다. 그래서 정부와 기업 및 업체, 대학 및 연구소 등이 상호 유기적으로 연계하고 상호협력을 통해 문화산업을 발전시키는 방안을 마련하는 일은 더욱 시급하다. 본 연구는 우리나라 문화산업의 발전방안을 모색하고자 크게 네 분야로서 첫째, 문헌조사와 제도권에서 규정한 문화산업의 개념과 범위 및 분류를 살펴보고, 둘째, 국내 문화산업의 현황과, 시장규모, 그리고 정책 등을 분석하고, 셋째, 해외 선진국을 중심으로 각 나라들의 문화산업의 현황과, 시장규모, 그리고 정책 등을 분석하여 비교함 으로써, 넷째, 우리의 문화산업 발전을 위한 구체적 실천 방안이 제시된다. Culture industry is one of high value added industries with a great growth of opportunity. As markets of cartoon, animation, game, movie, broadcasting and internet-mobile contents grow, total visual contents market will surely be bigger and changed. Korea doesn"t have enough natural resources extort human resources, so media industry which needs high level of manpower and ideas is well suited to Korea. Therefore, it is essential to organize local government, media contents companies, universities and research institutes and get close cooperation among them. This research is aimed to search for the development of Culture industry in province. Through the analysis of Culture industry in provence and with the help of existing discussions, this paper suggested the proper policies aimed to prepare law data for Culture industry and develop the industry. This paper discussed industry environment and level of understanding of Culture industry based upon the view of decentralization and local reform theory. Also it tried to make a model for the industry development, which links industry, university and government each other and a paradigm for the related organizations.

Risk of lymphadenopathy from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Korea: a self-controlled case series analysis

Mi-Sook Kim(Mi-Sook Kim),Bongyoung Kim(Bongyoung Kim),Jeong Pil Choi(Jeong Pil Choi),Nam-Kyong Choi(Nam-Kyong Choi),Jung Yeon Heo(Jung Yeon Heo),Jun Yong Choi(Jun Yong Choi),Joongyub Lee(Joongyub Lee) 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of lymphadenopathy following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. METHODS: A self-controlled case series design was used to determine whether the risk of lymphadenopathy was higher in the 1-day to 42-day risk interval after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination compared to the control period. In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted according to baseline characteristics, time since vaccination, and sensitivity analyses adjusted for the length of the risk interval. RESULTS: The risk of developing lymphadenopathy in the risk interval (1-42 days) after COVID-19 vaccination compared to the control period was significantly increased, with a relative incidence (RI) of 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.18) when the first, second, and third doses were combined. The RI was greater on the day of vaccination (1.47; 95% CI, 1.44 to 1.50). In subgroup analyses by baseline characteristics, a significantly increased risk or trend toward increased risk was observed in most subgroups except for those aged 70 years and older, with a significant increase in risk in younger individuals, those with a Charlson’s comorbidity index <5, and those who received mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273>BNT162b2). Within the 1-day to 42-day post-dose risk period, the relative risk was highest during the 1-day to 7-day post-dose period (1.59; 95% CI, 1.57 to 1.60) compared to the control period, and then the risk declined. In the sensitivity analysis, we found that the longer the risk window, the smaller the RI. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of lymphadenopathy, and this risk was observed only with mRNA vaccines.

Short-term Effect of Radical Hysterectomy with or without Adjuvant Radiation Therapy on Urodynamic Parameters in Patients with Uterine Cervical Cancer

오진규,Min Soo Choo,Joongyub Lee,Noh-Hyun Park,오승준 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2012 International Neurourology Journal Vol.16 No.2

Purpose: Lower urinary tract dysfunction is the most common complication after radical pelvic surgery. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of radical hysterectomy (RH) on the storage function of the lower urinary tract and to evaluate the impact of radiation therapy (RT) on postoperative urodynamic parameters. Methods: This was a retrospective review of preoperative and postoperative urodynamic variables, which were prospectively collected. All women from 2006 to 2008, who underwent RH for uterine cervical cancer with a stage of 1A to 2B with or without adjuvant RT were enrolled. All patients were divided into two groups: group 1, without RT, and group 2, with adjuvant RT. Urodynamic studies were performed before, 10 days after, and 6 months after RH. Results: A total of 42 patients with a mean (±standard error) age of 51.9 (±12.3) years were analyzed. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index or clinical stage between the two groups. On the 10th postoperative day, all parameters were decreased except postvoid residual volume. In comparison with group 2 (n=14), group 1 (n=28) showed a significant increase in bladder compliance. At 6 months postoperatively, bladder compliance in group 1 had increased four times or more compared with that on postoperative 10 days. However, it had increased only 2.5 times in group 2 at the same time point (P<0.001). Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that adjuvant RT after RH might result in a deterioration of bladder compliance. It is highly suggested that practitioners pay attention to low bladder compliance, especially in patients who have adjuvant RT after RH.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Osteoporosis Prevalence: Different Results in the Overall Korean Adult Population and Single-person Households

Kim, Jungmee,Lee, Joongyub,Shin, Ju-Young,Park, Byung-Joo The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2015 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.48 No.2

Objectives: The present study was conducted in order to examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and osteoporosis prevalence in Korea and to assess whether different associations are found in single-person households. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, from 2008 to 2011. The study subjects were people aged ${\geq}50$ years with osteoporosis as defined by bone mineral density. Multivariate logistic models were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (pORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Gender differences in the likelihood of osteoporosis were analyzed based on household income, education level, and residential area. Results: There were 8221 osteoporosis patients aged ${\geq}50$ years, of whom 927 lived in single-person households. There was a gender-specific association between osteoporosis prevalence and all three SES factors that we analyzed: income, education, and residential area. After adjusting for age, SES, and health behaviors, including body mass index (BMI), low household income was only significantly associated with osteoporosis in men, whereas education level had an inverse relationship with osteoporosis only in women (p=0.01, p<0.001, respectively). However, after controlling for age and BMI, rural residency was only associated with osteoporosis in women living in single-person households (pOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.43). Conclusions: The Korean adult population showed a gender-specific relationship between SES and osteoporosis prevalence, with a different pattern found in single-person households.

Quality of life in patients with diabetic nephropathy: findings from the KNOW-CKD (Korean Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease) cohort

Kim Hyunsuk,Lee Joongyub,최광호,정해민,김석형,Gu Jae Eon,Yoo Jeong-Ju,한미연,김효진,성수아,Han Seung Hyeok,김영훈,Yoon Jong-Woo,Heo Jongho,Oh Kook-Hwan 대한신장학회 2022 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.41 No.1

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) can affect quality of life (QoL) because it requires arduous lifelong management. This study analyzed QoL differences between DN patients and patients with other chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Methods: The analysis included subjects (n = 1,766) from the KNOW-CKD (Korean Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease) cohort who completed the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form questionnaire. After implementing propensity score matching (PSM) using factors that affect the QoL of DN patients, QoL differences between DN and non-DN participants were examined. Results: Among all DN patients (n = 390), higher QoL scores were found for taller subjects, and lower scores were found for those who were unemployed or unmarried, received Medical Aid, had lower economic status, had higher platelet counts or alkaline phosphatase levels, or used clopidogrel or insulin. After PSM, the 239 matched DN subjects reported significantly lower patient satisfaction (59.9 vs. 64.5, p = 0.02) and general health (35.3 vs. 39.1, p = 0.04) than the 239 non-DN subjects. Scores decreased in both groups during the 5-year follow-up, and the scores in the work status, sexual function, and role-physical domains were lower among DN patients than non-DN patients, though those differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Among the DN subjects, socioeconomic factors were strong risk factors for impaired QoL, as were high platelet counts, high alkaline phosphatase levels, and clopidogrel and insulin use. Clinicians should keep in mind that the QoL of DN patients might decrease in some domains compared with that in patients with other CKDs.

한약의 세계화를 위한 안전성과 유효성 평가시스템 구축

박경훈 ( Kyounghoon Park ),이중엽 ( Joongyub Lee ),최현진 ( Hyun Jin Choi ),박병주 ( Byung-joo Park ) 대한보건협회 2017 대한보건연구 Vol.43 No.1

한약의 세계화를 위해서는 신약 후보물질의 안전성과 유효성을 효과적으로 평가할 수 있는 신약허가제도를 확립하는 것이 선행되어야 한다. 미국 식품의약국(FDA)에서는 미국내 신약의 시판을 허가하기 위하여 해당 신약 후보물질에 대한 안전성과 유효성의 근거가 되는 전임상, 1상, 2상, 3상 임상시험의 자료를 요구한다. 게다가 최근에는 기존의 자료에 안전성을 보장하기 위한 시판 후 약물감시연구 혹은 4상 임상시험 자료를 요구한다. 과거에는 서양에서도 제대로 된 안전성과 유효성을 확인하는 제도가 없었으나, 설파닐아마이드나 탈리도마이드에 의한 약화사건를 겪으면서 지금과 같은 허가제도의 틀을 갖출 수 있었다. 이는 지금의 제도가 갑자기 제정된 것이 아니라 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 안전성과 유효성을 제대로 평가하려는 의지와 노력에 의한 결과임을 알 수 있다. 한국에서는 일부 한약의 경우 법적으로 환자에게 적용하기 전에 신약허가제도를 거치지 않아도 처방과 조제가 가능하다. 한약이지만 한국에서 신약허가제도를 거친 조인스정(위령선, 괄루근, 하고초 30% 에탄올엑스)에 대한 연구들을 분석했을 때, 신약허가제도를 거쳤을 경우에 환자에게 안전성과 유효성에 대한 정보를 효과적으로 제공할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 환자에게 보다 안전하고 효과적인 한약을 제공하고, 한약의 세계화를 위해서는 관련 법을 정비하여 한약의 안전성과 유효성을 효과적으로 평가할 수 있는 시스템의 구축이 반드시 필요하다. In order to globalize the herbal medicines, it is necessary to go through the drug approval process of evaluating safety and efficacy of new drug candidates. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requests evidence on safety and efficacy of new drug candidates based on the data from preclinical experiments, Phase 1 trials, Phase 2 trials, and Phase 3 trials for getting approval for marketing. In addition to the preapproval clinical trials data, in recent years, US FDA also requires a post-marketing study or Phase 4 trials data for guaranteeing safety of the newly marketed drugs. In Korea, legally, traditional herbal medicines were not necessary to go through the formal drug approval process before using them to patients. We analyzed studies of Joins Tab (Clematidis Radix, Trichosanthes Root, Prunella Spike 30% Ethanol Extracts), which extracted traditional herbal medicines have been approved from KFDA based on the preapproval clinical trial data in Korea. The revision of the relevant laws for traditional herbal medicines should be needed to follow the formal new drug approval process for the Western medicines for providing more safe and effective medicines to patients.

CT Evaluation of the Findings of Nutcracker Syndrome in Patients with Bladder Cancer after Radical Cystectomy and Ileal Neobladder Formation: A Correlation with Hematuria

Hae Min Shin,Joongyub Lee,Dong Hyeon Lee,Seung Hyup Kim 대한영상의학회 2023 대한영상의학회지 Vol.84 No.2

Purpose Patients with bladder cancer may show hematuria after radical cystectomy with ileal neobladder formation, causing anxiety regarding tumor recurrence. Here, we aim to show that the nutcracker syndrome (NCS) can be a cause of hematuria post-operation, and is a common, rather than a rare syndrome. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT (CE-APCT) and urine analysis (UA) findings of 255 patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder formation between 2011 and 2016 was performed. In the CE-APCT review, the left renal vein flow patterns were evaluated to determine the presence of NCS findings. In the UA review, patients were classified according to the percentage of UA tests with positive hematuria among the total number of UA tests. Results CT findings of NCS were present in 31.9% of the 135 patients. In the positive hematuria group, there were 26% more patients with NCS findings than those without. Conclusion NCS findings are prevalent even for bladder cancer patients after surgery, and there is a strong correlation between NCS findings and hematuria. Furthermore, the prevalence of NCS findings is much higher than urinary tract recurrence after the surgery.