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Psychological Make-up of Korean Green Consumerism
Jooho Kim,Yeonshin Kim 한국마케팅과학회 2010 마케팅과학연구 Vol.20 No.3
As consumers’ concern for the environment has continuously increasing, many firms have actively engaged in environmental marketing to achieve their objectives. However, consumers’ high concerns about the environment are not always reflected in their purchasing behavior. This indicates a need to have an in-depth understanding of the development of green consumption within the individual’s belief system. Considering psychological approaches, a large body of research has examined the factors underlying ecologically conscious consumer behavior and the interrelationships of these factors. However, most of previous research concentrates on Western countries. Using a sample of Korean consumers, this study attempts to understand the bases of Korean green consumerism and find universal values that are cross-culturally important in guiding consumer’s environmental attitudes and behaviors. To this end, we relate the Schwartz’s 10 universal values (Schwartz, 1992) to environmental behaviors in a hierarchical model of value-attitude-behavior. With reference to the value-attitude-behavior framework, a conceptual model was developed to explain what motivations can be manifested in Korean consumers’ environmental attitudes, and subsequently how the attitudes affect their green choices. Using the pattern of relationship among values that can be related to environmentalism, we first hypothesized that there would be particular relationships between motivational value types and environmental attitudes. In hypothesis 2, environmental attitudes are assumed to predict environmental behaviors. On the basis of the claim that favorable attitudes toward the environment may be expressed in many different behaviors, we assumed that consumers’ favorable attitudes toward the environment would be linked to a variety of environmental behaviors because people with high environmental attitudes can be more interested in and knowledgeable about environmental actions. Consistent with H2, we hypothesized in H3 that there would be a positive relationship between different types of environmental behavior. A total of 564 university students participated in the study. The sample included 308 (54.6%) men, 254 (45%) women, and 2 (0.4%) participants who did not indicate their gender. The average age of the participants was 22.5 (s.d.=2.11) years, with a range of 19 to 39 years. Regarding majors, special efforts were made to draw the participants from the different departments of the university. Data was collected by survey administered via self-completion questionnaires. The questionnaire assessed the participants’ value priorities, environmental attitudes and behaviors. Path analysis was conducted (AMOS 4.0) to test the proposed model. The overall fit of the observed model are χ2=72.01 (p=0.00), GFI=0.983, CFI=0.982, NFI=0.970, RMR=0.070, and REMSEA=0.050. Most of the fit measures indicated a good fit of the model with the data. Thus, a hierarchical relationship from values to environmental attitudes to environmental non-purchasing behavior to environmental purchasing behavior was confirmed. All the predicted paths were assessed by path coefficients and several major effects hypothesized were confirmed. Out of the ten value types, universalism and power were found to be significantly but conversely related to environmental attitudes. In line with the other studies, our findings confirmed that environmental attitudes are an important factor in leading a variety of environmentally conscious behaviors. Finally, we found significant relationships between environmental non-purchasing and purchasing behaviors. The path analysis supported the idea that universalism values provide a motivation for Korean consumers’ greenness and they indirectly promote environmental acts through favorable attitudes toward the environment. Participants with high environmental attitudes were found to actively engage in diverse forms of environmentally conscious consumer behavio
Jooho Hwang,Chun-Hong Park,Seung-Woo Kim 한국정밀공학회 2007 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.2
Aerostatic planar XY stages are frequently used as the main fames of precision positioning systems. The machining and assembly process of the rails and bed of the stage is one of first processes performed when the system is built. When the system is complete, the 2D position, motion, and stage flatness errors are measured in tests. If the stage errors exceed the application requirements, the stage must be remachined and the assembly process must be repeated. This is difficult and time-consuming work. In this paper. a method for estimating the errors of a planar XY stage is proposed that can be applied when the rails and bed of the stage are evaluated. Profile measurements, estimates of the motion error, and 2D position estimation models were considered. A comparison of experimental results and our estimates indicated that the estimated errors were within 1 ㎛ of their true values. Thus, the proposed estimation method for 2D position and flatness errors of an aerostatic planar XY stage is expected to be a useful tool during the assembly process of guideways.
교환옵션가격결정모형에 근거한 예금보험료 합리화 방안에 관한 연구: 생명보험업을 중심으로
( Jooho Sung ),( Daehwan Kim ),( Donghwa Lee ) 보험연구원 2019 보험금융연구 Vol.30 No.2
본 연구는 한국의 생명보험회사를 중심으로 예금보험의 위험보험료율을 산출하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, 생명보험회사들의 자산과 부채는 lognormal diffusion processes를 따른다고 가정하였으며 Margrabe(1978)의 교환옵션 모형을 적용하여 위험보험료율을 산출하였다. 또한, 보험업권의 경우 회사의 재정상태가 좋지 않을 경우에도 insurance run이 잘 발생하지 않고 이에 따라 예금보험기관에서 계약의 청산보다는 보험계약이전을 선호하는 점을 고려하여 보험료율 산정에 반영하였다. 본 연구에서는 2010년부터 2017년까지의 보험료율을 산출하기 위해 2000년부터 2016년까지의 생명보험회사자료와 자산 인덱스 자료를 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 한국의 생명보험업권은 보유하고 있는 위험수준보다 많은 예금보험료를 예금보험공사에 납입하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재정상태가 안정적인 다수의 생명보험회사들이 재정상태가 좋지 못한 일부 생명보험회사들의 위험까지 부담하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 재정상태가 좋지 않을수록 자산과 부채의 상관관계가 예금보험료에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. This paper aims to investigate the risk-based premium rates of the Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation (KDIC), particularly focusing on life insurance firms. To accomplish this, we employ the exchange option model based on the assumption that assets and liabilities follow lognormal diffusion processes. Further, we incorporate the discount rate of expenses based on a purchase-and-assumption to consider the characteristics of the life insurance sector. To estimate premium rates between 2010 and 2017, we use the empirical data of Korean life insurance firms and asset indexes from 2000 to 2016. The result provides evidence that life insurance companies in Korea have been generally charged higher premium rates than they should be charged. The result also shows that most of the healthy life insurance companies aid a smaller number of risky companies in Korea. Finally, our result indicates that premium rates tend to be more sensitive to correlation between assets and liabilities under capital deficiencies.