Comprehensive genomic analyses with 115 plastomes from algae to seed plants: structure, gene contents, GC contents, and introns

Eun‑Chae Kwon,Jong‑Hwa Kim,Nam‑Soo Kim 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.5

Background Chloroplasts are a common character in plants. The chloroplasts in each plant lineage have shaped their own genomes, plastomes, by structural changes and transferring many genes to nuclear genomes during plant evolution. Some plastid genes have introns that are mostly group II introns. Objective This study aimed to get genomic and evolutionary insights on the plastomes from green algae to flowering plants. Methods Plastomes of 115 species from green algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes (spore bearing vascular plants), gymnosperms, and angiosperms were mined from NCBI organelle genome database. Plastome structure, gene contents and GC contents were analyzed by the in-house developed Phyton code. Intronic features including presence/absence, length, intron phases were analyzed by manually in the annotated information in NCBI. Results The canonical quadripartite structures were retained in most plastomes except of a few plastomes that had lost an invert repeat (IR). Expansion or reduction or deletion of IRs resulted in the length variation of the plastomes. The number of protein coding genes ranged from 40 to 92 with an average 79.43 ± 5.84 per plastome and gene losses were apparent in specific lineages. The number of trn genes ranged from 13 to 33 with an average 21.19 ± 2.42 per plastome. Ribosomal RNA genes, rrn, were located in the IRs so that they were present in a duplicate except of the species that had lost one of the IR. GC contents were variable from 24.9 to 51.0% with an average 38.21 ± 3.27%, indicating bias to high AT contents. Plastid introns were present in 18 protein coding genes, six trn genes, and one rrn gene. Intron losses occurred among the orthologous genes in different plant lineages. The plastid introns were long compared with the nuclear introns, which might be related with the spliceosome nuclear introns and self-splicing group II plastid introns. The trnK-UUU intron contained the maturase encoding matK gene except in the chlorophyte algae and monilophyte ferns in which the trnK-UUU was lost, but matK retained. There were many annotation artefacts in the intron positions in the NCBI database. In the analysis of intron phases, phase 0 introns were more frequent than those of phase 2 and 3 introns. Phase polymorphism was observed in the introns of clpP which was derived from nucleotide insertion. Plastid trn introns were long compared to the archaeal or eukaryotic nuclear tRNA introns. Of the six plastid trn introns, one was at the D loop and other five were at the anticodon loop. The insertion sites were conserved among the trn genes in archaea, eukaryotic nuclear and plastid tRNA genes. Conclusions Current study refurbrished the previous findings of structural variations, gene contents, and GC contents of the chloroplast genomes from green algae to flowering plants. The study also included some noble findings and discussions on the plastome introns including their length variations and phase variation. We also presented and corrected some false annotations on the introns in protein coding and tRNA genes in the genome database, which might be confirmed by the chloroplast transcriptome analysis in the future.

Preparation of petroleum impregnating pitches from pyrolysis fuel oil using two‑step heat treatments

Jong‑Eun Choi,Seunghyun Ko,Young‑Pyo Jeon 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.4

Petroleum-based impregnating pitches were prepared from pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO) using a two-step heat treatment without a separation process. The pressurized heat treatment, the first step, was used to improve the properties of the pitches and enhance the product yield by promoting the cracking and polymerization of the components in the PFO. An atmospheric heat treatment as the second step was used only to synthesize the impregnating pitches from the liquid pitches prepared during the first step. The prepared impregnating pitches had the properties of a commercial petroleum-based impregnating pitch. The impregnation performance was evaluated by HT-XRD and an impregnation test. The HT-XRD results showed changes in the stacked structure of the pitches at the impregnation temperature. The bulk density of the carbon block was increased to 14.3% and the porosity was reduced by 10.3% after the impregnation/recarbonization process. The high reaction temperature during the first step induced the formation of quinoline insoluble (QI) components during the second step of the treatment, and the QI components adversely affected the impregnation process.

카드뮴이 마우스 뇌에서 아연의 항상성에 관여하는 유전자발현에 미치는 영향

박종안,여은영,남상훈,장봉기,이종화,김완종 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Metallothionein (MT), a small protein molecule which can bind of release metal tons, is involved in the regulation of cellular metal homeostasis This study was investigated the accumulation of cadmium in blood, tissue (liver, kidney and brain), and the effect of cadmium on several key genes (MT-Ⅰ, MT-Ⅱ, ZnT-1) in zinc metabolism m the mouse Mouses weighing 20-25g were randomly assigned to control and cadmium treated group (Cd group) Cd group was intraperitoneally injected with cadmium 2, 4, 8 mg/kg and control group was administerd with saline Mouses of each group were sacrificed by decapitation 4 hours after the administration of cadmium Cadmium contents in blood, fiver, kidney and brain were increased by a dose-dependent manner Accumulation of cadmium was mainly occurred in liver and kidney Induction of MT-I and MT-11 protein was increased, but ZnT-1 expression was decreased to a dose-dependent manner by the treatment of 2~8mg/kg cadmium These results suggested that cadmium can be transported to brain and alter the expression of several key genes in zinc homeostasis.

우리나라 화학물질 분류 및 표시체계 분석

박종안,장봉기,이종화,김은화,김춘득,여은영,남상훈 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2004 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.10 No.2

Classification and Labelling system of Chemicals is a very important element for management of chemical safety. Classification and labelling system of Chemicals is very different among countries. This becomes a barrier for transportation of chemicals across counties. Recently, several international organizations (OECD,UNEP,ILO etc.) endeavor to harmonize classification and labelling of chemicals. In this study, we analyze classification and labelling system of chemical described in several regulations of our country, and examine acivities of IOMC(Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals)for harmonization of classification and labelling of chemicals. The Toxic Chemical Control Law, the Fire Services Law and the Industrial Safety and Health Law are the major regulation of management of chemical safety. Classification and labelling systems of chemical vary among several regulations. Particularly, labelling system of chemicals in transport vehicles are not appropriate in response to chemical accident. We suggest that task force team consisted with inter-administrative branches is needed to harmonize classification and labelling of chemicals, and recommend the introduction of UN number in labelling systems of chemicals in transport vehicles.

우리나라 화학물질 관련 사고 대비 및 대응체계 분석

이종화,장봉기,박종안,김은화,김춘득,여은영,남상훈 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2004 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.10 No.2

Recently, several large chemical accidents took place in many countries. Therefore, many countries strengthened the regulation related to management of chemical safety. In case of our country, about 500 chemical accidents took place for the past decay. The preparation and response system for chemical accidents is a most important element for management of chemical safety. In this study, we analyze the preparation and response system for chemical accidents described in several regulations of our country, and suggest a more appropriate management system for chemical safety. Accident report documents vary among the Toxic Chemical Control Law, the Fire Services Law and the Industrial Safety and Health Law. In case of the Fire Services Law, there is not a concrete description about the source chemical of accident. The response authority for chemical accident is dualistic. Minister of Government Administration and Home Affairs is responsible for emergent rescue, on the other hand, ministers of central administrative branches are in charge of reconstruction of chemical accident. Therefore these dualistic system make confuse in response to a large chemical accident.

經穴의 艾灸生體反應이 失血性貧血에 미치는 影響

李殷洪,박인규,임종국,김진택 東國大學校韓醫學硏究所 1992 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.1 No.-

In order to observe the effects of moxibustion on anemic condition as a acute loss of blood, white rats were induced loss of blood by cadiac puncture. And then morphologically variation of The Bone Marrow was observed the following points of each rat were used : Shinsu(B23 or Ⅶ23), Hyeonjong(GB39 or XI39), and complex of shinsu(B23 or Ⅶ23) and Hyeon Jong(GB39 or XI39) Comparing these above method with the control group the results were as follow: 1. Moxibustion in Shinsu have an influence on activation of Normoblast and do for hematosis function of bone marrow 2. Formation ability of R·B·C(Red Blood Cell)turn up order a list of Mocibustion in Shinsu(B23 or Ⅶ23), Moxibustion in conplex of Shinsu(B23 or Ⅶ23) and Hyeon Jong(GB39 or XI39), moxibus-tion in Hyeon Jong(GB39 or XI39) 3. Moxibustion in complex of Shinsu(B23 or Ⅶ23) and Hyeon Jong(GB39 or XI39) moderately increase Megakaryocyte

갑상선 유두암이 병발된 가족성 대장 용종증 1예

백종현,소창배,이은영,이지숙,신은경,박은호,서정아,양재홍,송준영,박선자,박요한,최영식 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant syndrome, typically characterized by multiple colorectal adenomas and increased incidence of colorectal carcinomas if it is not treated. Moreover, a variety of extracolonic manifestation are seen. The prevalence of thyroid tumors developing in patients with FAP is about 1∼2%. Generally, papillary thyroid cancer indicates low mortality but ,however, as people get older, the cancer becomes more aggressive. So, the operation is required. Recently we experienced a case of FAP, presenting with papillary thyroid carcinoma, and reported with a brief review of literatures.

단지 개발로 인한 우수 유출량 변화 예측 및 저감방안에 관한 연구 - 서울 은평뉴타운 13, 14단지(못자리골)를 중심으로 -

성종상,이은석,김대희,Sung, Jong-Sang,Lee, Eun-Seok,Kim, Dae-Hee 한국조경학회 2006 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

This study focuses on hydrological changes caused by developments in the 13th, 14th (Motjarigol) district in Eun Pyoung New Town, Seoul on the basis of the Land Use Planning of development plan. Through analyses from the hydrological experiments about rainfall outflow using universal equation and amounts of infiltration through soils, the changes in amounts of overflows were estimated and the results were discussed from a urban ecological point of view. As a result, it has been predicted that the amount of rainfall outflow at post-development was dramatically increased, compared to pre-development. Installing of Derbris Dams and infiltration facilities were suggested as alternative plan to meditigate these changes. If we apply these alternatives, the rainfall outflow would be reduced up to 30% compared to the development plan without BMPs (Best Management Practice). In conclusion, it is proposed that once the ecological principles were considered during development planning process, we can minimize the adverse effects of developments to our environments.

高麗中期 道敎의 綜合的 硏究

金洛必,梁銀容,李鍾殷 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1989 韓國學論集 Vol.15 No.-

This is a Synthetic study on Taoism in the middle of Ko-ryo Dynasty which is unfold around the King Ye-Jong's days. Through the work coureses, besides synthesizing existing study, this study focuses on the Characters of historical development aspects and relation between the ideas of literature and religion on the basis of cooperated work by various fields such as history, religion and literature. Therefore, I'm going to grasp characters of the thought of Taoism Ages and the aspect of concret development. First, I examined aspects of historical Progress of Taoism in Ko-ryo dynasty. This study observed progress and fact, Religion Taoism Progressed, Cons- truction Courses on the basis of Tao-Temple's pok Won Kung(福源 宮) As a result, it raised Formed Toaism from the level of Ko-ryu Taoism by Pok Won Kung and produced systematization of religious ceremonies. And It was turned out that they spread customs of Taoism religion in Ko-ryo society and did far toward creating climate of the idea of seclusion. In the religious aspect, the writer considered the passage of the three religions. such as Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism in Ko-ryo dynasty and the position of taoism thought, The writer also examined accepted thought of Taoism and religious rites and analyzed Taoisitic Funeral Oration written by literary men. Through these, we could realize that. Ko-ryo had already accepted the edification of Taoism in depth. The writer also examined that how Chinese Naidanhak(內丹學) had been accepted at that period. Thry took a general view of the literary spirit transfering into the learning of Song Dynasty and l inked it with Taoism. And it grafted Taoism thought. The writer researched the achieve ments and literary work of Kwak-Yo(郭與) Lee Ja-Hyun(李資賢), Chukko- ch'ilhyon(竹高七賢) and literary works and made it clear the relation between these and Taoism thought. The writer examined Taoism thought reflect on works. separately such as the idea of seclusion, the idea about Taoist Hermit, preservation of health and enjoyment of drunken state and so on. Through serious of examination, in the middle of Ko-ryu swept the Ko-ryo society with considerable influence and propagation We also could confirm that I had influened deeply religiously and spiritually. When we study continuously and deeply relating to the fore and after the period carefully, will be more wide and deep gradually the Korean history of thouhts.

한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.